scholarly journals “If there’s no dill, the taste isn’t right!” A comparison of food plant knowledge between Polish and German descendants in the context of an imagined culinary community in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela H. Ludwinsky ◽  
Amanda E. Cavalhieri ◽  
Monika Kujawska ◽  
Nivaldo Peroni ◽  
Natalia Hanazaki
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Biocultural Diversity ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Plant Knowledge ◽  
Ethnic Food ◽  
The Difference

AbstractFood is a cultural marker investigated by several fields of knowledge. The ecological approach to food plants used in human societies can give us insights into food biodiversity and its connection to cultural identity. In our work, we investigate plant knowledge as part of an imagined culinary community among Polish and German descendants in Santa Catarina, Brazil. We interviewed Polish and German descendants and used an ecological analytical approach to discuss patterns of known plants mediated by culture. One hundred years after immigration, we found that ethnic food-centered memories remain. Polish and German descendants share most resources cited, while the difference between plants’ use lies in the ethnic memories and food preparation. There is a tendency to acculturate ingredients and tastes by immigrants descendants, using native species to recreate dishes. This scenario, which joins native plants’ knowledge and ethnic memories, provides an excellent opportunity to maintain local biocultural diversity in urbanized environments.

scholarly journals The Moral Enhancers of Elm-ul-Badea and its Rhetorical Meaning in The Holy Quran (Analytical & Rhetorical Study)

Fahm-i-Islam ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Niaz Badshah ◽  
Javed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Great Knowledge ◽  
Great Scope ◽  
Holy Book

Arab Writers and poets had a great knowledge of Elim-ul Badea (البديع علم ,( Before Islam. Elm-ul Badea (البديع علم (can be found extensively both in their poetry and prose. With the advent of Islam and the revelation of Quran (a literal Miracle of Allah Al-Mighty), rhetoric has reached to its peak, which made it the center of attention for the Writers and intellectuals. They have made their researches of Quran from different angles, i.e. the lexicon miracles, literal interpretation, style and rhetoric of the Holy Book, but Elm-ul- Badea (البديع )علم is such a part of literature which is always open for more research, so this research focuses on the Moral enhancers (المعنوية المحسنات (which is a part of the Elm-ul-Badea in the Quran. This work will throw light on those verses of Quran in which Moral enhancers(المعنوية المحسنات (are present, and are defined as rhetorical explanations beside the definition of Elm-ul-Badea, its development stages, and the difference of opinion among the scholars about the topic. Quran is the Holy Book of Allah Al-Mighty and is the Miracle of the Holy prophet Muhammad peace be upon Him, which challenged the whole world to bring verses like it, and it appeals the human being to think in its meanings. I tried to explore the المعنوية المحسنات of Quranic rhetoric. There is a great scope for researchers to explore the Moral enhancers المعنوية المحسنات of Quranic Rhetoric. I have used descriptive and analytical approach while doing this research to attain the required results.

scholarly journals SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VIETNAMESE CULTURE AND LAO CULTURE THROUGH THE MOTIF OF BUILDING ORPHAN CHARACTERS IN THE MAGICAL FAIRY TALES OF TAM AND CAM AND THE GOLDEN TURTLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Le Thi Bich Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Story Structure ◽  
Character System ◽  
Unique Object ◽  
Folk Literature ◽  
The Common ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference

Sharing the sources of Southeast Asian folklore and folk literature, magical fairy tales of Vietnam and Laos have many similarities in a motif of building orphan characters. Applying structural theory in fairy tales with immutability and changes, the structure of the story is described by a series of events “signs help to make a schematic comparison of the structure of various tales,” (Propp, 1968, p.25) the article studies the magical fairy tale Tam and Cam of Vietnam and the Golden Turtle of Laos to see the similarities and differences in the motif of building orphan characters. The similarities in the motif of building orphan characters such as: story structure, character system, incarnation motif, unique object motif, magical force motif show the common cultural space of the region. However, the difference in the situation of the story and the use of magical forces and elements in the story show the customs, belief characteristics, artistic tastes and cultural identity of each nation.

scholarly journals Alien woody plants are more versatile than native, but both share similar therapeutic redundancy in South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260390
Author(s):  
Kowiyou Yessoufou ◽  
Annie Estelle Ambani ◽  
Hosam O. Elansary ◽  
Orou G. Gaoue
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Medicinal Flora

Understanding why alien plant species are incorporated into the medicinal flora in several local communities is central to invasion biology and ethnobiology. Theories suggest that alien plants are incorporated in local pharmacopoeias because they are more versatile or contribute unique secondary chemistry which make them less therapeutically redundant, or simply because they are locally more abundant than native species. However, a lack of a comprehensive test of these hypotheses limits our understanding of the dynamics of plants knowledge, use and potential implications for invasion. Here, we tested the predictions of several of these hypotheses using a unique dataset on the woody medicinal flora of southern Africa. We found that the size of a plant family predicts the number of medicinal plants in that family, a support for the non-random hypothesis of medicinal plant selection. However, we found no support for the diversification hypothesis: i) both alien and native plants were used in the treatment of similar diseases; ii) significantly more native species than alien contribute to disease treatments particularly of parasitic infections and obstetric-gynecological diseases, and iii) alien and native species share similar therapeutic redundancy. However, we found support for the versatility hypothesis, i.e., alien plants were more versatile than natives. These findings imply that, although alien plant species are not therapeutically unique, they do provide more uses than native plants (versatility), thus suggesting that they may not have been introduced primarily for therapeutic reasons. We call for similar studies to be carried out on alien herbaceous plants for a broader understanding of the integration of alien plants into the pharmacopoeias of the receiving communities.

History of the Larch Sawfly, with Notes on Origin and Biology,

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Coppel ◽  
K. Leius
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biological Characters ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Forest Biology

The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichronii (Htg.), is currently considered a major forest insect pest in Canada. At the present time within Canada, the sawfly reacts to parasitism by Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley in two ways. In Manitoba and Saslratchewan the sawfly encapsulates approximately 100 per cent of the parasite eggs deposited, whereas in British Columbia encapsulation rarely exceeds four per cent (Muldrew, 1953). The reasons for the difference in degree of encapsulation are apparently unknown; however, since the origin of the sawfly itself is obscure, the possibility exists that a native species, an introduced species, Or a combination of both may he present, or that geographical or ecological units may have arisen. Studies now under way by officers of the Forest Biology and Entomology divisions are attacking the problem of identity and origin following the pattern established for the European spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.). In this instance, as with the larch sawfly, parasites were introduced on the assumption that the pest had been introduced from Europe. Critical investigations by Reeks (1941) and Balch, Reeks, and Smith (1941), involving morphological, cytological, and other biological characters, showed that the species occurring in North America was one of two species common in Europe, and previously referred to there as Gilpinia polytoma (Htg.). Balch et al. (1941) showed that D. hercyniae had been introduced into North America.

How direct and indirect non-native interactions can promote plant invasions, lead to invasional meltdown and inform management decisions.

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-176
Author(s):  
Sara E. Kuebbing
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Indirect Interactions ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Invasional Meltdown ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Facilitative Interactions

Abstract In 1999, Daniel Simberloff and Betsy Von Holle introduced the term 'invasional meltdown'. The term and the concept have been embraced and critiqued but have taken a firm hold within the invasion biology canon. The original formulation of the concept argued two key points: first, biologists rarely study how non-natives interact with one another. Second, nearly all the conceptual models about the success and impact of invasive species are predicated on the importance of competitive interactions and an implicit assumption that non-natives should interfere with establishment, spread and impact of other non-natives. In response, Simberloff and Von Holle called for more research on invader interactions and proposed an alternative consequence of non-native species interactions - invasional meltdown - where facilitative interactions among non-natives could increase the invasion rate or ecological impacts in invaded systems. This chapter outlines the primary pathways in which direct and indirect interactions among non-natives could lead to invasional meltdown. It provides examples of how different types of interactions among non-natives could lead to net positive effects on the invasion success of non-native plants or the impact of non-native plants on invaded ecosystems. Direct effects are by far the most commonly explored form of non-native- non- native interaction, primarily focusing on plant mutualisms with pollinators, seed dispersers or soil microbial mutualists. There are, however, also examples of non-native plants that benefit from commensal and even herbivorous interactions with other non-natives. Indirect interactions among non-natives are very infrequently studied. Although examples are scarce, non-natives may indirectly benefit other non-native plants through trophic cascades, apparent competition and indirect mutualisms. It remains unclear whether indirect effects are important pathways to invasional meltdown. More work is needed on studying ecosystems that are invaded by multiple non-native species and we need to consider the full range of interactions among non-natives that could either stymie or promote their spread, population growth and impact. Only then can we address how common facilitative interactions are relative to competitive interactions among non-natives or provide robust suggestions on how to manage ecosystems.

Seed dispersal interactions promoting plant invasions.

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
M. Celeste Díaz Vélez ◽  
Ana E. Ferreras ◽  
Valeria Paiaro
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Invasional Meltdown ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Origin Life

Abstract Animal dispersers are essential for many non-native plants since they facilitate seed movement and might promote seed germination and seedling establishment, thereby increasing their chances of invasion. This chapter reviews the published literature on seed dispersal of non-native plant species by native and/or non-native animals. The following questions are addressed: (i) Are interactions between non-native plants and their animal dispersers evenly studied worldwide? (ii) Which are the distinctive traits (i.e. geographical origin, life form, dispersal strategy and propagule traits) of non-native plants that are dispersed by animals? (iii) Which are the most studied groups of dispersers of non-native plants around the world? (iv) Does the literature provide evidence for the Invasional Meltdown Hypothesis (non-native plant-non-native disperser facilitation)? (v) What is the role of animal dispersers at different stages of the non-native plant regeneration process? Our dataset of 204 articles indicates that geographical distribution of the studies was highly heterogeneous among continents, with the highest number coming from North America and the lowest from Asia and Central America. Most of the non-native plants involved in dispersal studies were woody species from Asia with fleshy fruits dispersed by endozoochory. More than the half of the animal dispersal agents noted were birds, followed by mammals, ants and reptiles. The dominance of bird-dispersal interactions over other animal groups was consistent across geographical regions. Although most of the studies involved only native dispersers, interactions among non-native species were detected, providing support for the existence of invasional meltdown processes. Of the total number of reviewed articles reporting seed removal, 74% evaluated seed dispersal, but only a few studies included seed germination (35.3%), seedling establishment (5.4%) or seed predation (23.5%). Finally, we discuss some research biases and directions for future studies in the area.

scholarly journals Research on the Spatial Distribution Difference of Compulsory Education between China and Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Saidong Lv ◽  
Yujun Pan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Regional Data ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Regional Imbalance ◽  
Analyze Data

This study collected regional data from 31 provinces in China and 8 states and territories in Australia in 2016. The study used the descriptive and analytical approach to analyze the results. Also, it used the inductive approach, the descriptive statics analysis and the SPSS to analyze data. it found that the distribution of compulsory education bears both similarities and differences in the two countries. In terms of similarities,there are certain regional differences in the teachers’ faculty of compulsory education in the two countries, and an unbalanced distribution of teachers has emerged. The difference is that although China's compulsory education has rqpidly, the teachers and funds of compulsory education lag far behind Australia, and the Regional imbalance is more serious in China than that in Australia.In other words, if there is a rapidly increasing population somewhere, and the nuers of teachers aren’t keeping up with this in China.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical research in Cava de’ Tirreni area, Southern Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Mautone ◽  
Laura De Martino ◽  
Vincenzo De Feo
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Ethnobotanical Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Plant Knowledge ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Traditional Ethnobotanical Knowledge ◽  
Medicinal Food

Abstract Background To best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative ethnobotanical study with the aim of documenting the local knowledge and practices of using plants for curing diseases in the Cava de’ Tirreni area, Salerno Province, Campania Region, Italy. The present ethnobotanical field study, carried out during 2016–2017, documents the local uses of 119 plant species for medicinal, food and domestic purposes. Methods Ethnobotanical data were documented from 70 informants: field data were collected and information on the uses of plants was gathered through semi-structured and structured interviews with persons who still retain traditional ethnobotanical knowledge. Documented data were evaluated using the quantitative ethnobotanical index of use value (UV). Results Overall, the informants native of the area were interviewed and 277 use-reports have been recorded. The scientific names, local names, plant part used, preparation and administration processes are reported and compared with practices in other Southern Italian regions. In total, 101 species are documented as medicinal, 36 as food or food aromatizer, 29 for domestic and handicraft uses, 10 in veterinary medicine. More or less 64% of all species have more uses and over half of the food plants (23 species) are also used for medicinal purposes. Conclusions The comparison of the documented species and their uses with ethnobotanical literature of other Italian regions reveals that the traditional plant knowledge in this area shows strong similarities with adjacent Southern Italian areas. Some of the recorded species and administration processes however seem to be unique for the zone.

Assessing the invasion threat of non-native plant species in protected areas using Herbarium specimen and ecological survey data. A case study in two rangeland bioregions in Queensland

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Michael R. Ngugi ◽  
Victor John Neldner
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Herbarium Specimen ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Ecological Survey ◽  
National Significance

Naturalised non-native plants that become invasive pose a significant threat to the conservation of biodiversity in protected areas (areas dedicated and managed for long-term conservation of nature), economic productivity of agricultural businesses, and societal impacts including community, culture infrastructure and health. Quantifying the spread, potential dominance and invasion threat of these species is fundamental to effective eradication and development of threat mitigation policy. But this is often hampered by the lack of comprehensive data. This study used existing ecological survey data from 2548 sites and 64 758 Herbarium specimen records to document the status and abundance of non-native plants in two case study bioregions, Cape York Peninsula (CYP) and the Desert Uplands (DEU) in Queensland covering a total area of 186 697 km2. There were 406 non-native species in the CYP, 186 (45.6%) of which are known environmental weeds and 159 non-natives in DEU, of which 69 (43.5%) are environmental weeds. Inside the protected areas, there were 98 species of environmental weeds in CYP, 27 of which are listed as weeds of State significance (Weeds of National Significance (WONS), Queensland declared and non-declared pest plants categories). In DEU, there were 18 environmental weeds inside protected areas and none of them was listed as a weed of State significance. Non-native species that recorded foliage cover dominance in the ecological site data are generally recognised as environmental weeds in Queensland. The threat of weeds from outside of protected areas was serious, with 41 weeds of State significance found in CYP, five of which are WONS, and 25 weeds of State significance found in DEU, 10 of which are WONS.

Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Invasion Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Abstract This book contains 23 chapters divided into seven parts. Part I reviews the key hypotheses in invasion ecology that invoke biotic interactions to explain aspects of plant invasion dynamics; and reviews models, theories and hypotheses on how invasion performance and impact of introduced species in recipient ecosystems can be conjectured according to biotic interactions between native and non-native species. Part II deals with positive and negative interactions in the soil. Part III discusses mutualistic interactions that promote plant invasions. Part IV describes antagonistic interactions that hinder plant invasions, while part V presents the consequences of plant invasions for biotic interactions among native species. In part VI, novel techniques and experimental approaches in the study of plant invasions are shown. In the last part, biotic interactions and the management of ecosystems invaded by non-native plants are discussed.

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