scholarly journals Multidetector computed tomography study to measure thoracic aorta diameters in Egyptian population

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shehata Mohamed Ismail ◽  
Shareefa Ali Mohammad Al-Suraimi ◽  
Hossam El Din Ghanem El Hossary ◽  
Mohamed Ali Salem ◽  
Hossam Ibrahim Hamed Kandil
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aortic Diseases ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Egyptian Population ◽  
Normal Reference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The aorta is the largest and strongest artery in the body that plays an important role in the control of systemic vascular resistance and heart rate. Aortic diseases contribute to the wide spectrum of arterial diseases that may be diagnosed after a long period of subclinical development. Multidetector computed tomographic scanners (≥ 64 detector rows) for aortic imaging remain one of the most preferred imaging techniques for diagnosis and follow-up of aortic conditions in acute as well as chronic presentations. The aim of this study is to establish a normal reference values for aortic diameters among Egyptian population and to find which of the cardiovascular risk factors could be an independent determinant of the aortic diameters. Results Five hundred and sixteen Egyptian individuals were enrolled in our study, the mean age was 53.5 ± 10.9, and males comprised 61.4% of the study population. Aortic root diameters measured at the annulus, sinus and STJ were 23.09 ± 2.55 mm, 33.75 ± 3.93 mm and 26.13 ± 3.05 mm, respectively. The BSA-indexed diameters were 11.70 ± 1.39, 17.10 ± 2.10 and 13.25 ± 1.65, respectively. The diameter of the tubular part of ascending aorta was 30.97 ± 4.16 mm, and the BSA-indexed diameter was 15.71 ± 2.28. The aortic diameters measured at the level of the pulmonary bifurcation were 24.56 ± 2.95 mm and 23.79 ± 2.96 mm at systolic and diastolic phases, respectively. The BSA-indexed diameters were 12.44 ± 1.52 and 12.05 ± 1.52 at systolic and diastolic phases, respectively. At the diaphragmatic level, the mean diameters were 22.39 ± 2.72 mm and 21.49 ± 2.79 mm at systolic and diastolic phases, respectively. The BSA-indexed diameters were 11.34 ± 1.43 and 10.98 ± 1.48 at systolic and diastolic phases, respectively. Age, gender, BSA, BMI and hypertension were statistically significant independent predictors of ascending and descending aortic diameters. Conclusions Our study established a normal reference value for thoracic aortic diameters among Egyptians using contrast enhanced MSCT aortography. Age, Gender, BSA, BMI and hypertension are the major determinants of aortic diameters.

A model for the effect of bias for cholesterol on the population at risk.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2256-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Kroll ◽  
M Ruddel ◽  
R J Elin
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Methodological Bias ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The location of the Reference Value for an analyte within the population distribution affects the magnitude of error due to methodological bias. Using the gaussian distribution, we evaluated the effects of systematic and proportional biases of the method (positive and negative), mean value, and standard deviation on the magnitude of error. We chose four Reference Values for cholesterol as a model. For a population with a mean of 2.0 and SD of 0.36 g of cholesterol per liter, a 3% positive proportional bias causes sixfold more error at the 50th percentile than at the 97.5th. In general, the error for a given bias (proportional or systematic) is greater for a Reference Value within the body than at the tails of the distribution. Further, the magnitude of the error varies as a function of the mean and standard deviation of the population.

Đặc điểm dân số học, vị trí tổn thương và mô bệnh học bệnh mô bào Langerhans ở trẻ em

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Nguyen Minh
Keyword(s):  
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Langerhans Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cell Disorder

Histiocytic disorders in children and adults are caused by an abnormal accumulation of cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a myeloid-derived dendritic cell disorder. The disease may affect any organ or system of the body, but those more frequently affected are the skin, bone and lymph nodes. Objectives: To evaluate characteristics of demography, location of lesions and histopathology of LCH. Methods: Cross sectional study of 80 children who have been performed biopsy with pathological diagnosis of LCH at Children’s Hospital 1 from Jan 2015 to Dec 2019. Results: LCH was encountered in children from 1 month to 12 years old in the study population. The mean age is 3.1 ± 2.7 (years) and in both male and female (M: F= 1.7/1). The most frequent sites of lession are skin and soft tissues. Conclusion: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a malignant disease that may be encountered in clinical practice with different sites of lesions. LCH should be thought of when suspected and diagnosed early by histopathology to help guide treatment promptly and appropriately

scholarly journals Imaging features of primary sites and metastatic patterns of angiosarcoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basrull N. Bhaludin ◽  
Khin Thway ◽  
Margaret Adejolu ◽  
Alexandra Renn ◽  
Christian Kelly-Morland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metastatic Patterns

AbstractAngiosarcomas are rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcomas originating from endothelial cells of lymphatic or vascular origin and associated with a poor prognosis. The clinical and imaging features of angiosarcomas are heterogeneous with a wide spectrum of findings involving any site of the body, but these most commonly present as cutaneous disease in the head and neck of elderly men. MRI and CT are complementary imaging techniques in assessing the extent of disease, focality and involvement of adjacent anatomical structures at the primary site of disease. CT plays an important role in the evaluation of metastatic disease. Given the wide range of imaging findings, correlation with clinical findings, specific risk factors and patterns of metastatic disease can help narrow the differential diagnosis. The final diagnosis should be confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry in combination with clinical and imaging findings in a multidisciplinary setting with specialist sarcoma expertise. The purpose of this review is to describe the clinical and imaging features of primary sites and metastatic patterns of angiosarcomas utilising CT and MRI.

scholarly journals Association of Epworth Sleepiness Score with Anthropometric Measurements in Malaysian University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kavitha A Kumar ◽  
Wan AMBW Othman ◽  
Ashok K Jeppu ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Malaysia has high prevalence of obesity in young adults. Obesity leads to health problems such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It is a condition where nocturnal breathing cessation occurs during sleep. Thus, the quantity and quality of sleep is affected. Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) is a standardized tool to determine the quality of sleep. The aim of this study was to find the relationship between students’ sleep quality using this questionnaire and their anthropometric measurements. This study adopted a cross-sectional study design, with the convenience sampling technique applied on students of a private university in Malaysia. The participants answered the ESS questionnaire. Their height, weight, neck circumference, and abdominal circumference were obtained and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. This study was conducted on 200 students with a mean age of 21.55 years. Their average BMI was 23.24 ± 6.1. The mean duration of sleep in the study population was 6.3 ± 1.4 SD hours. In the study population, the mean score for ESS was 10.32. A negative correlation between ESS scores and the BMI was noted. Pearson correlation showed —0.026 with a significance of 0.712. ESS scores showed that 17.9% of the study population had high risk of developing OSA. This study shows that as the BMI increases, the quality of sleep decreases, although it is not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Rare Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas: A 10-Year Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Suvendu Sekhar Jena ◽  
Samrat Ray ◽  
Sri Aurobindo Prasad Das ◽  
Naimish N Mehta ◽  
Amitabh Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Pancreatic Neoplasm ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Borderline Resectable ◽  
Pancreatic Tumours ◽  
Common Location ◽  
The Mean

Introduction. The solid pseudopapillary epithelial neoplasm (SPN) is a rare form of pancreatic neoplasm with an incidence of 2-3% of all pancreatic tumours. The recent increase in incidence is attributed to the increasing use of imaging techniques for nonspecific abdominal complaints. We report our institutional experience in the management of this tumour over the last decade. Method. We retrospectively analyzed from a prospectively maintained database of patients from January 2011 to December 2020 who were operated upon for SPN. All the patients were followed till date. Results. Of 479 patients operated on for various types of pancreatic tumours during this period, 15 (3.1%) had SPN. The mean age of presentation was 28 years with a female preponderance (12/15, 80%). The most common location was the body and tail of the pancreas (66%), and the mean size was 6.4 cm (2–15 cm). The tumour extent was defined as ‘borderline resectable’ in 20% of cases. Distal pancreatectomy was done in 11 patients with spleen preservation in 3. R0, R1, and R2 resection were done in 12, 2, and 1 patient(s), respectively. The operative mortality was 6.7%. All the patients are doing well on follow-up. Conclusion. SPN is a low-grade malignant tumour with a strong female predilection. Clinical manifestations have no specificity, imaging examination only contributes tumour location, and the final diagnosis rests on pathology. Surgery is the main modality of treatment and carries a good prognosis.

scholarly journals Lifestyle changes counseling reduces central blood pressure in pre-hypertensive individuals: an intervention study

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Tadeu Giollo Junior ◽  
Luciana Neves Cosenso-Martin ◽  
Days Oliveira de Andrade ◽  
Letícia Aparecida Fernandes-Baruffi ◽  
Juan Carlos Yugar-Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mild Hypertension ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Blood Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peripheral Blood Pressure

Introduction: Lifestyle changes (LC) influence peripheral blood pressure (BP) in pre-hypertensive (PH) individuals; the behavior of central systolic BP (CBP) in respect to LC is not fully known. However, pre-hypertension cardiovascular risk is similar to mild hypertension and can be associated with changes in the endothelial function thereby altering the CBP. Objective: Thus, to demonstrate the influence of LC on the peripheral and the central blood pressure in PH individuals.Methods: Fifty-six PH patients were studied before and after three months of LC (Dash diet and aerobic exercises). The CBP was measured by tonometry of the radial artery before and after LC.Results: The mean age of the study population was 48 ± 10.8 years. There were significant reductions in peripheral systolic pressure (127±8.1 vs. 122 ± 9.2, P=0.003), in the body mass index (29.0±4.6 vs. 28.5±4.6, P=0.001) and the waist-hip ratio(0.91 ± 0.07 vs. 0.89 ± 0.06, P=0.0007) and also in the central systolic pressure (113±10.7 vs. 107±10.9, P=0.0001) after three months of LC.Conclusion: Lifestyle changes promote improvement in peripheral and central BP in PH individuals.Aconselhamento sobre mudanças no estilo de vida reduz a pressão arterial central em indivíduos pré-hipertensos: um estudo de intervençãoIntrodução: Aconcselhamento para Modificação no estilo de vida (MEV) influencia diretamente a pressão arterial periférica em indivíduos pré-hipertensos. O comportamento da pressão sistólica central (PSC) em relação à MEV não está plenamente conhecido. Além disso, a pré-hipertensão (PH) oferece risco cardiovascular semelhante ao de um hipertenso leve e pode estar associado com alterações da função endotelial alterando a PSC.Objetivo: Demonstrar a influência da MEV com exercício físico e dieta alimentar em parâmetros antropométricos e hemodinâmicos, incluindo a PSC, em indivíduos pré-hipertensos.Métodos: Foram estudados 56 pacientes com PH antes e após 3 meses de MEV. A PSC foi avaliada utilizando-se um sistema de tonometria da artéria radial antes e após a MEV.Resultados: A média de idade da população estudada foi 48±10,8 anos. Houve redução significativa na PAS (127±8,1 para 122±9,2; p=0,003), PAD (75±7,4 para 72±7,7; p=0,003), PAM (92±7,0 para 89±7,6; p=0,002), IMC (29,0±4,6 para 28,5±4,6; p=0,001) e na relação C/Q (0,91±0,07 para 0,89±0,06; p=0,0007) após 03 meses de MEV. Também se observou redução da PSC (113±10,7 para 107±10,9; p=0,0001) após três meses de MEV.Conclusão: A MEV promoveu melhora pressão arterial periférica e central de indivíduos pré-hipertensos.

Exploration and Decompression of the Spinal Canal Using Split Laminotomy and Its Modification, the “Archbone” Technique

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. ONS432-ONS441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Banczerowski ◽  
János Vajda ◽  
Róbert Veres
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iliac Bone ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Spinous Processes ◽  
Cavernous Hemangiomas ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective: To develop a novel minimally invasive approach suitable for exploring different pathologies located in the spinal canal, allowing moderate enlargement of the canal with preservation of the majority of posterior structures so muscle attachments remain intact and postoperative complications are reduced. Methods: The authors developed a multilevel spinous process splitting and distracting laminotomy technique with or without complementary corticocancellous iliac crest “archbone” autografting. Technical details are discussed. The multilevel spinous process splitting and distracting laminotomy technique with or without complementary iliac bone grafting was used in 19 patients with different pathologies of the spinal canal. Results: Satisfactory surgery of the lesions located within the spinal canal, especially intramedullary, was achieved in all patients using this new approach. The affected area of the spine was cervical in seven patients, cervicothoracic in four patients, thoracic in five patients, and thoracolumbar in three patients. The average number of split laminae was three (range, 2–6). Histological results were as follows: seven intramedullary astrocytomas, eight ependymomas, two cavernous hemangiomas, one dural arteriovenous malformation, and one hemangioblastoma. Of the eight ependymomas, 75% were removed completely and 25% were partially removed. Of the seven astrocytomas, 28.7% were removed completely, 14.3% were removed subtotally, and 57% were partially removed. The cavernous hemangiomas and the hemangioblastoma were completely removed. The approach used did not affect the extent of resection or neurological outcome. The spinous processes were closed directly in 13; in six cases, a tricortical iliac bone graft was placed between the facing bony parts of the spinous processes. The mean duration of splitting and distracting the spinous process was 16 minutes (range, 11–28 min) for the first process and 8 minutes (range, 5–14 min) for each additional spinous process. The mean duration of the whole surgical procedure, including intraspinal surgery, was 159 minutes (range, 90–290 min). The mean blood loss was 158 ml (range, 48–442 ml). The average length of hospital stay was 7.2 days. The average follow-up period was 15.4 months. Fifty-one of the 57 (89.5%) spinous process computed tomographic scans demonstrated bony healing with or without a graft between the osteotomized faces. Of the 57 spinous process computed tomographic scans, fracture of the spinous process was seen in nine (15.8%) and traumatic bony changes of the body of the vertebra in the midline in three (5.2%); these were without clinical significance and they later showed complete healing. Conclusion: This surgical approach fulfills the requirements of other laminotomy techniques and helps prevent damage to the crucial posterior stabilizers of the spine. In contrast to conventional spinal canal approaches, preservation of the majority of posterior structures leaves muscle attachments on the spinous processes and laminae completely intact. Furthermore, the technique for exposure and decompression of the spinal canal is a suitable method for all spinal segments, the cervical, thoracic, and the lumbar spine in all age groups.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological Examinations as Adjunctive Tool to Imaging Techniques in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: IRONHEART Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Fekete ◽  
Judit Tóth ◽  
László Horváth ◽  
Sándor Márton ◽  
Máté Héja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perihematomal Edema

Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease, which may lead to severe disability or even death. Although many factors may influence the outcome, neurophysiological examinations might also play a role in its course. Our aim was to examine whether the findings of electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can predict the prognosis of these patients.Methods: Between June 1 2017 and June 15 2021, 116 consecutive patients with ICH were enrolled prospectively in our observational study. Clinical examinations and non-Contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scan were done on admission for ICH; follow-up NCCT scans were taken at 14 ± 2 days and at 3 months ± 7 days after stroke onset. EEG and TMS examinations were also carried out.Results: Of the patients in the study, 65.5% were male, and the mean age of the study population was 70 years. Most patients had a history of hypertension, 50.8% of whom had been untreated. In almost 20% of the cases, excessive hypertension was measured on admission, accompanied with >10 mmol/L blood glucose level, whereas their Glasgow Coma Scale was 12 on average. Presence of blood in the ventricles or subarachnoid space and high blood and perihematomal volumes meant poor prognosis. Pathological EEG was prognostic of a worse outcome. With TMS examination at 14 days, it might be possible to estimate outcome in a univariate model and the absence, or reduction of the amplitude of the motor evoked potentials was associated with poor prognosis.Conclusion: Together with the clinical symptoms, the volume of bleeding, perihematomal edema (or their combined volume), and neurophysiological examinations like EEG and TMS play an important role in the neurological outcome of patients with ICH. This might affect the patients' rehabilitation plans in the future, since with the help of the examinations the subset of patients with potential for recovery could be identified.

scholarly journals Computed tomographic scanning measurement of skull bone thickness: a single center study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Fowzia Farzana ◽  
Bashir A. Shah ◽  
Shaheen Shadad ◽  
Peerzada Zia ul Haq ◽  
Arif Sarmast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Skull Bone ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Background: Computerized tomography scan (CT scan) can be useful for the measuring the calvarial thickness in human beings. This could help in identifying the racial and the gender variations in calvarial thickness in a population. The data obtained about calvarial thickness study in human population may be useful for researchers, anatomists, anthropologists, surgeons and manufacturers of surgical screws.Methods: This was an observational study carried out on 104 subjects, with a normal computerized tomography CT scan of the head. Any subject with a skull fractures or an underlying intracranial lesion were excluded from study. A total of 52 males and 52 females who presented in the radiology department for CT head were studied in a consecutive manner. The thickness of skull bone was measured on console (Somatom, Siemens 16 slice).Results: Our study population consisted of 52 male and 52 female subjects. The mean age for males was 48.03 (Range 18-70) years and while as the mean age of females was 47.37 (Range 18-73) years. We did not find any difference in the thickness of the frontal bone at upper third, middle third and lower third between the two sexes. However, the posterior third parietal bone, the anterior and middle third occipital bone was significantly thicker in females when compared to males.Conclusions: Our study suggests that the anterior third of the parietal bone has a more calvarial thickness on the right side than on the left side in both males and females. However, the female calvarium has a significantly thicker calvarium at the posterior third parietal; anterior and middle third occipital bones when compared to male counterparts showing a sexual dimorphism in our study population.

scholarly journals Computed Tomographic Changes in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Treated by Combination Therapy with Lumacaftor and Ivacaftor

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1999
Author(s):  
François Arnaud ◽  
Nathalie Stremler-Le Bel ◽  
Martine Reynaud-Gaubert ◽  
Julien Mancini ◽  
Jean-Yves Gaubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
The Mean

Background: As Cystic Fibrosis (CF) treatments drastically improved in recent years, tools to assess their efficiency need to be properly evaluated, especially cross-sectional imaging techniques. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan response to combined lumacaftor- ivacaftor therapy (Orkambi®) in patients with homozygous for F508del CFTR has not yet been assessed. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study in two French reference centers in CF in Marseille hospitals, including teenagers (>12 years old) and adults (>18 years) who had received lumacaftor–ivacaftor and for whom we had at disposal at least two CT scans, one at before therapy and one at least six months after therapy start. CT scoring was performed by using the modified version of the Brody score. Results: 34 patients have been included. The mean age was 26 years (12–56 years). There was a significant decrease in the total CT score (65.5 to 60.3, p = 0.049) and mucous plugging subscore (12.3 to 8.7, p = 0.009). Peribronchial wall thickening (PWT) was significantly improved only in the adult group (29.1 to 27.0, p = 0.04). Improvements in total score, peribronchial thickening, and mucous pluggings were significantly correlated with improvement in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s). Conclusions: Treatment with lumacaftor–ivacaftor was associated with a significant improvement in the total CT score, which was mainly related to an improvement in mucous pluggings.

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