scholarly journals Identification of suitable substitute for Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz) by phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman C. T. ◽  
Jyothi C.K. ◽  
Jinu Krishnan Unnithan ◽  
Prabhukumar K.M. ◽  
Indira Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Rauvolfia Serpentina ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Pharmacological Evaluation ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Abstract Background Sarpagandha is an important Ayurveda drug used for treating many diseases including high blood pressure. Rauvolfia serpentina is the genuine source plant for Sarpagandha and it is a critically endangered species belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The present study is aimed at finding out an appropriate substitute for the endangered species R. serpentina by evaluating the phytochemistry and biological activities of allied species such as Rauvolfia tetraphylla L, Rauvolfia hookeri S.R.Sriniv. & Chithra, Rauvolfia micrantha Hook.f., and Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill. Results The result indicated that the root of R. serpentina is phytochemically similar with that of R. tetraphylla. Chemical profiling using HPTLC showed similar chemical profiles for R. serpentina and R. tetraphylla. LC/MS characterization of various species showed that most of the active alkaloids are common for both R. serpentina and R. tetraphylla. Anti-hypertensive activity and analgesic activity were evaluated in experimental animal model. Rauvolfia serpentina and R. tetraphylla showed comparatively significant reduction in systolic and diastolic pressure. Comparable analgesic activity was also shown by R. serpentina and R. tetraphylla. Conclusion On the basis of phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation, it was concluded that the root of R. tetraphylla can be used as a validated substitute for Sarpagandha. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Wild Italian Hyssopus officinalis Subsp. aristatus (Godr.) Nyman: From Morphological and Phytochemical Evidences to Biological Activities

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Alessandra Guerrini ◽  
Gianni Sacchetti ◽  
Monica Paulina Echeverria Guevara ◽  
Guglielmo Paganetto ◽  
Alessandro Grandini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Concern ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Hyssopus Officinalis

Three specimens of H. officinalis subsp. aristatus were collected in three areas of the Abruzzo region (Italy) and subjected to macroscopic and microscopic observation to support their botanical identification. The essential oils (EOs) obtained from the aerial parts of the samples were characterized with the object to define their phytochemical and pharmaceutical biology profile. They highlight three different chemotypes, including one never seen in previous literature (CIV17-EO, distilled from sample harvested in 2017 at Civitaretenga), that showed a fingerprinting with the predominance of (-)-limonen-10-yl-acetate (67.9%). In 2017 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reported the genotoxicity of similar compounds, therefore, to dismiss any safety concern for the CIV17-EO use as flavouring substance, the Ames test was performed with no evidence of mutagenic activity. Safety of use coupled with chemical characterization of this new chemotype set the stage for a better standardization of H. officinalis EOs. The ethanolic extracts, on the other hand, with qualitatively similar chemical profiles in which caftaric, chlorogenic and rosmarinic acid were the main molecules, showed interesting antioxidant activity and a slight cytotoxicity towards the A549 cell line that could indicate a starting point for the evaluation of an additional preventive tool for maintaining health status.

scholarly journals Comparison between Bulgarian and Macedonian propolis: chemical composition and plant origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva ◽  
Marina Stefova ◽  
Boryana Trusheva ◽  
Milena Popova ◽  
Daniela Antonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Additives ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activity

Propolis is used as a constituent in over-the-counter preparations, food additives, cosmetics, etc. Bulgarian and Macedonian propolis samples were analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of ethanol extracts after silylation, in order to determine the presence of bioactive substances with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and their chemical profiles were compared. Bulgarian and Macedonian propolis demonstrate very similar chemical profiles and belong to the Poplar type propolis, which has well-characterized qualitative composition and high content of bioactive substances. These results allow the standardization of Macedonian propolis to be approached on the basis of the recommendations by the International Honey Commission for poplar propolis. Keywords: Bulgarian propolis, Macedonian propolis, GC-MS, chemical profiling

scholarly journals Extraction Methods Play a Critical Role in Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Black Cohosh

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Jiang ◽  
Kurt A. Reynertson ◽  
Amy C. Keller ◽  
Linda S. Einbond ◽  
Debra L. Bemis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Triterpene Glycosides ◽  
Black Cohosh ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Previous studies have indicated that black cohosh extracts obtained using different extraction methods can show different chemical profiles and biological activities. In this study, black cohosh plant material was extracted with 18 different solvents. Extraction under different temperatures was compared. Fifteen fractions were also prepared by either stepwise extraction or partition for comparison of chemical profiles and biological activities. All extracts/fractions were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for triterpene glycosides and polyphenols by a combined HPLC-PDA and LC-MS method. Most extracts/fractions showed similar chemical profiles for triterpene glycosides, but the amount of the triterpene glycosides varied greatly. The chemical profiles of the polyphenols in the extracts/fractions varied depending upon the type and the composition of the solvent used for the extraction; a certain amount of water in the solvent was necessary for the extraction of polyphenols. Extracts/fractions were selected for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity assays, and the results showed that activities varied with different extracts/fractions. Extraction method is the key to chemical profile and biological activity of black cohosh samples. Researchers should take this into consideration when either designing studies or comparing results among studies, as this may explain some of the results seen in the literature.

New locality records and call description of the Resplendent Shrub Frog Raorchestes resplendens (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the Western Ghats, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 16502-16509
Author(s):  
Sandeep Das ◽  
K.P. Rajkumar ◽  
K.A. Sreejith ◽  
M. Royaltata ◽  
P.S. Easa
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Grassland Ecosystem ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Controlled Burning ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Western Ghats

Abstract: The Resplendent Shrub Frog, Raorchestes resplendens Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta, & Bossuyt, 2010 is a Critically Endangered species endemic to the Western Ghats and was considered to be restricted to a three-square kilometer patch atop Anamudi summit.  In this study, we report 36 new locations of the species from the Anamalai massif of the southern Western Ghats.  Niche-based prediction modelling suggests that the species is restricted to Anamalai massif.  The call description of this frog is also provided for the first time. The preferred microhabitat of the frog is Chrysopogon grass clumps in the marshy/swampy montane grassland ecosystem. Restricted to a small area with controlled burning management practiced in its habitat, R. resplendens needs immediate attention.

Where have all the sawfishes gone? Perspectives on declines of these Critically Endangered species in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Tanna ◽  
Daniel Fernando ◽  
Ramajeyam Gobiraj ◽  
Buddhi M. Pathirana ◽  
Sahan Thilakaratna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Critically Endangered Species

scholarly journals The Genus Haplophyllum Juss.: Phytochemistry and Bioactivities—A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4664
Author(s):  
Majid Mohammadhosseini ◽  
Alessandro Venditti ◽  
Claudio Frezza ◽  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Armandodoriano Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

Herein, a comprehensive review is given focusing on the chemical profiles of the essential oils (EOs), non-volatile compounds, ethnobotany, and biological activities of different Haplophyllum (Rutaceae family) species. To gather the relevant data, all the scientific databases, including Scopus, ISI-WOS (Institute of Scientific Information-Web of Science), and PubMed and highly esteemed publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, Taylor and Francis, etc., were systematically retrieved and reviewed. A wide array of valuable groups of natural compounds, e.g., terpenoids, coumarins, alkaloids, lignans, flavonoids, and organic acids have been isolated and subsequently characterized in different organic extracts of a number of Haplophyllum species. In addition, some remarkable antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cytotoxic, antileishmanial, and antialgal effects as well as promising remedial therapeutic properties have been well-documented for some species of the genus Haplophyllum.

scholarly journals The Oral Bacterial Community in Melanophryniscus admirabilis (Admirable Red-Belly Toads): Implications for Conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Michele Bertoni Mann ◽  
Janira Prichula ◽  
Ícaro Maia Santos de Castro ◽  
Juliana Mello Severo ◽  
Michelle Abadie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Personal Genome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Environment

Melanophryniscus admirabilis (admirable red-belly toad) is a microendemic and critically endangered species found exclusively along 700 m of the Forqueta River, in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. One of the greatest concerns regarding the conservation of this species is the extensive use of pesticides in areas surrounding their natural habitat. In recent years, the adaptation and persistence of animal species in human-impacted environments have been associated with microbiota. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the oral bacterial community of wild M. admirabilis and to address the question of how this community might contribute to this toad’s adaptation in the anthropogenic environment as well as its general metabolic capabilities. A total of 11 oral samples collected from wild M. admirabilis were characterized and analyzed via high-throughput sequencing. Fragments of the 16S rRNA variable region 4 (V4) were amplified, and sequencing was conducted using an Ion Personal Genome Machine (PGM) System with 316 chips. A total of 181,350 sequences were obtained, resulting in 16 phyla, 34 classes, 39 orders, and 77 families. Proteobacteria dominated (53%) the oral microbiota of toads, followed by Firmicutes (18%), Bacteroidetes (17%), and Actinobacteria (5%). No significant differences in microbial community profile from among the samples were reported, which suggests that the low dietary diversity observed in this population may directly influence the bacterial composition. Inferences of microbiome function were performed using PICRUSt2 software. Important pathways (e.g., xenobiotic degradation pathways for pesticides and aromatic phenolic compounds) were detected, which suggests that the bacterial communities may serve important roles in M. admirabilis health and survival in the anthropogenic environment. Overall, our results have important implications for the conservation and management of this microendemic and critically endangered species.

Activity patterns of wild Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in the northern piedmont of the Altun Mountains, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadong Xue ◽  
Diqiang Li ◽  
Wenfa Xiao ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yuguang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Camelus Bactrianus ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns ◽  
Bactrian Camels

There are significant gaps in our knowledge of wild camel ecology; especially the activity patterns that allow them to adapt to desert environments. The wild Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) is a critically endangered species that survives in the extreme desert conditions of Central Asia. We conducted camera trapping surveys at seven watering sites in the northern piedmont of the Altun Mountains from 2010 to 2012. We analyzed the frequency of photo-captures to elucidate the wild camels’ diel activity patterns, and the seasonal variation in their activity at watering sites. We found that these wild camels were predominantly diurnal at watering sites, with an increase in relative activity from sunrise, reaching a peak toward midday, and then gradually decreasing in activity until sunset. The camels visited watering sites more often in winter than in summer. These results provide a guide for water development in the conservation of ungulates in arid areas.

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