Wild Italian Hyssopus officinalis Subsp. aristatus (Godr.) Nyman: From Morphological and Phytochemical Evidences to Biological Activities

Three specimens of H. officinalis subsp. aristatus were collected in three areas of the Abruzzo region (Italy) and subjected to macroscopic and microscopic observation to support their botanical identification. The essential oils (EOs) obtained from the aerial parts of the samples were characterized with the object to define their phytochemical and pharmaceutical biology profile. They highlight three different chemotypes, including one never seen in previous literature (CIV17-EO, distilled from sample harvested in 2017 at Civitaretenga), that showed a fingerprinting with the predominance of (-)-limonen-10-yl-acetate (67.9%). In 2017 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reported the genotoxicity of similar compounds, therefore, to dismiss any safety concern for the CIV17-EO use as flavouring substance, the Ames test was performed with no evidence of mutagenic activity. Safety of use coupled with chemical characterization of this new chemotype set the stage for a better standardization of H. officinalis EOs. The ethanolic extracts, on the other hand, with qualitatively similar chemical profiles in which caftaric, chlorogenic and rosmarinic acid were the main molecules, showed interesting antioxidant activity and a slight cytotoxicity towards the A549 cell line that could indicate a starting point for the evaluation of an additional preventive tool for maintaining health status.

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General Characteristics, Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy of Lippia sidoides

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501001116 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501001 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luiz Gustavo de L. Guimarães ◽

Maria Laura M. da Silva ◽

Paula Campos J. Reis ◽

Maria Tereza R. Costa ◽

Lívia L. Alves

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Lippia Sidoides ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

The Family ◽

Cultivation Methods

Lippia sidoides Cham. is a plant that belongs to the family Verbenaceae and is commonly known as “alecrim-pimenta”. It was first found in northeastern Brazil, where it is extensively used in traditional medicine. Many studies have been made with the essential oil of L. sidoides, which has a high content of the isomeric compounds thymol and carvacrol. L. sidoides extracts, and particularly the essential oil extracted from its aerial parts, have shown many biological activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal. Given the great biological potentialities of L. sidoides and the amount of recent studies about this plant, the present study aimed to make a survey of its general attributes, cultivation methods, chemical characterization of its extracts and essential oil, as well as its different biological activities.

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Towards a Valorization of Corn Bioethanol Side Streams: Chemical Characterization of Post Fermentation Corn Oil and Thin Stillage

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25153549 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (15) ◽

pp. 3549 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriella Di Lena ◽

Petra Ondrejíčková ◽

Josè Sanchez del Pulgar ◽

Veronika Cyprichová ◽

Tomáš Ježovič ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Acid Value ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Thin Stillage ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Starting Point

First-generation biofuel biorefineries may be a starting point for the development of new value chains, as their by-products and side streams retain nutrients and valuable molecules that may be recovered and valorized for high-value applications. This study provides a chemical characterization of post-fermentation corn oil and thin stillage, side streams of dry-grind corn bioethanol production, in view of their valorization. An overall long-term study was conducted on the two co-products collected over 1 year from a bioethanol plant. Water content, acid value, sedimentation, mineral composition, and fatty acid profiles were analyzed on post-fermentation corn oil. Results highlighted that its acid value was high (19.72–24.29 mg KOH/g), indicating high levels of free fatty acids, but stable over the year due to standardized operating conditions. The fatty acid profile was that typical of corn oil, with a prevalence of linoleic (54–59% of total fatty acids) over oleic (23–27%) and palmitic (12–17%) acids. Macronutrients, fatty acid, and mineral profiles were investigated in thin stillage. Results revealed the acidic pH (4.05–4.68) and high dilution (90–93% water) of this side stream. The dry mass was composed of fats (19–30%), proteins (8.8–12.8%), ash (8.7–9.5%), and fiber (7.3–9.8%). The concomitant presence of a variegate complex of molecules of nutritional interest in corn bioethanol co-products, with several potential high-value market applications, make the perspective of their recovery a promising strategy to create new cross-sector interconnections according to circular economy principles.

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Chemical composition, acetylcholine esterase and Anti-bacterial activities of essential oils of Elaeosilenum thapsioides (Desf.) Maire from Algeria

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026621666210813110847 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Zakaria Barbeche ◽

Hocine Laouer ◽

Ramazan Erenler ◽

Mohamed Hajji ◽

Guido Flamini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Research Work ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Ache Inhibitory Activity

Background: Traditionally, The Algerian medicinal plant Elaeosilenum thapsioides have been used for many diseases. Objective: The present research work is aimed to explore the chemical and biological characterization of essential oil of, Elaeoselinum thapsioides (Desf.) Maire. Methods : The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of different Elaeosilenum thapsioides (Apiaceae) aerial parts samples collected from two different regions (Mahouane and Megres) Setif, Eastern Algeria. The chemical characterization of the obtained essential oils was investigated in the present work for the first time by GC and GC-MS. Besides, they were evaluated for their in-vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity whose enzyme hyperactivity is involved in Alzheimer’s disease. Using Ellman’s spectrophotometric method, additionally, their in-vitro antimicrobial activity was assessed by the disc diffusion method. Both activities were performed at various oil concentrations. Results: The GC/MS analysis of the aerial parts (leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds) essential oils of E. thapsioides revealed the presence of dominant compounds and others in small quantities, identifying 47 chemical molecules. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main components, ranging from 72.78 % to 99.13 %. Oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes ranged between (1.37 % -17.25 %) and (0.12 % -3.53 %) in leaves and stem essential oils. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were present in small to large quantities in the essential oils of both populations, with contents ranging from 0.69 % to 13.44 %. For the Isothiocyanates, their presence was recorded in leaves and stem essential oils from Mahouane and Merges with 9.73 % and 3.72 %, consecutively. Indeed, the essential oil of the Mahouane stem showed the highest AChE inhibitory activity among all the tested essential oils. Whereas the highest antibacterial activity was shown by the essential oil obtained from Megres leaves against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. Conclusion: The oils exhibited a moderate inhibitory activity in both activities.

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Complete Characterization of Extracts of Onopordum illyricum L. (Asteraceae) by HPLC/PDA/ESIMS and NMR

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0800301219 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X0800301 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luisella Verotta ◽

Laura Belvisi ◽

Vittorio Bertacche ◽

Maria Cecilia Loi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Complete Characterization ◽

Plant Metabolism ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Different Parts

The aerial parts of Onopordum illyricum L. (Asteraceae) are eaten raw in salad in the Mediterranean area, representing a food of good nutritional value. Extracts of different parts of this plant have been analyzed by HPLC/DAD/ESIMS and the major compounds identified by NMR spectroscopy. Fatty acids, sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenes and polyphenols (flavones and caffeoyl quinic acids) fully describe the plant metabolism during the vegetation year. All the metabolites are non toxic nutrients, and are reported in the literature to possess biological activities positive for health, confirming the beneficial use in the diet of this thistle

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Identification of suitable substitute for Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz) by phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43088-020-00069-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sulaiman C. T. ◽

Jyothi C.K. ◽

Jinu Krishnan Unnithan ◽

Prabhukumar K.M. ◽

Indira Balachandran

Keyword(s):

Endangered Species ◽

Analgesic Activity ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Rauvolfia Serpentina ◽

Chemical Profiling ◽

Critically Endangered Species ◽

Pharmacological Evaluation ◽

Similar Chemical ◽

Chemical Profiles

Abstract Background Sarpagandha is an important Ayurveda drug used for treating many diseases including high blood pressure. Rauvolfia serpentina is the genuine source plant for Sarpagandha and it is a critically endangered species belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The present study is aimed at finding out an appropriate substitute for the endangered species R. serpentina by evaluating the phytochemistry and biological activities of allied species such as Rauvolfia tetraphylla L, Rauvolfia hookeri S.R.Sriniv. & Chithra, Rauvolfia micrantha Hook.f., and Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill. Results The result indicated that the root of R. serpentina is phytochemically similar with that of R. tetraphylla. Chemical profiling using HPTLC showed similar chemical profiles for R. serpentina and R. tetraphylla. LC/MS characterization of various species showed that most of the active alkaloids are common for both R. serpentina and R. tetraphylla. Anti-hypertensive activity and analgesic activity were evaluated in experimental animal model. Rauvolfia serpentina and R. tetraphylla showed comparatively significant reduction in systolic and diastolic pressure. Comparable analgesic activity was also shown by R. serpentina and R. tetraphylla. Conclusion On the basis of phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation, it was concluded that the root of R. tetraphylla can be used as a validated substitute for Sarpagandha. Graphical abstract

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Chemical Characterization of The Essential Oil From Aerial Parts of Lavandula rejdalii Upson & Jury, a Medicinal Plant Endemic to Morocco

Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants ◽

10.1080/0972060x.2020.1870575 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 1422-1427

Author(s):

Said Gharby ◽

Ali Asdadi ◽

Mohamed Ibourki ◽

Aicha Hamdouch ◽

Tarik Ainane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Aerial Parts

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Biological activities and chemical characterization of the Lebanese endemic plant Origanum ehrenbergii Boiss

Flavour and Fragrance Journal ◽

10.1002/ffj.3646 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michella Dawra ◽

Youssef El Rayess ◽

Marc El Beyrouthy ◽

Nancy Nehme ◽

Rima El Hage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Endemic Plant

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Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties of Thymus satureioides Coss.

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6673838 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Naoufal El Hachlafi ◽

Abderrahim Chebat ◽

Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽

Pharmacological Studies ◽

Thymus Satureioides

Thymus satureioides Coss. (Lamiaceae) is a Moroccan medicinal plant locally known as “Azkouni” or “Zaitra.” It is widely used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including hypertension, diabetes, cold, fever, dermatological and circulatory disorders, immune problems, bronchitis, nociception, cooling, pharyngitis, cough, and influenza. The current review aims to critically summarize the literature on ethnopharmacological uses, chemical profile, and pharmacological investigations of T. satureioides in order to provide data support and scientific evidences for further investigations. Electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Medline were used to gather data on T. satureioides. Chemical characterization of T. satureioides essential oils (EOs) and extracts allowed to identify a total of 139 bioactive compounds, mainly belonging to the terpenoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids classes. T. satureioides especially its essential oils exhibited numerous biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiparasitic, and hypolipedemic activities. In light of these findings, further studies to transmute the traditional application of T. satureioides into scientific-based information are strongly required. Additional in vivo pharmacological studies are recommended to validate the results of the in vitro studies. Moreover, comprehensive preclinical and clinical trials on the pharmacological mechanisms of action of this plant and its bioactive compounds on molecular targets should be performed. Finally, more efforts must be focused on toxicological assessments and pharmacokinetic studies, in order to ensure the safety and the efficiency of T. satureioides.

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Chemical characterization of essential oils and antioxidant activity of Dictyota dichotoma and Dictyopteris membranacea

Acta periodica technologica ◽

10.2298/apt1950033b ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 33-42

Author(s):

Redhouane Benfares ◽

Affaf Kord ◽

Khaled Boudjema ◽

Manel Bouarab ◽

Soumia Benrabah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Dictyota Dichotoma ◽

Chemical Screening ◽

Similar Chemical ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Chemical Profiles ◽

Main Component

The work focuses on the study of two brown algae Dictyota dichotoma and Dictyopteris membranacea. Extracts obtained by different organic solvents (dichloromethane, hexane, acetone, methanol, chloroform) were screened for their DPPH antiradical activity, whereas essential oils obtained by steam distillation were chemically characterized by GC-MS. Steam distillation yielded 0.07 and 0.095% of the essential oils for Dictyota dichotoma and Dictyopteris membranacea, respectively. The chemical screening of the essential oils of Dictyopteris membranacea and Dictyota dichotoma showed similar chemical profiles. Namely, trans-anethole showed to be the main component in both studied oils, yielding 12.28% and 10.70% for Dictyopteris membranacea and Dictyota dichotoma, respectively. Antioxidant activity of extracts was expressed by IC50 values and was in the range 0.375-1.72 mg/ml.

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Direct morpho-chemical characterization of elusive plant residues from Aurignacian Pontic Steppe ground stones

10.1101/2020.07.23.212324 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

G. Birarda ◽

C. Cagnato ◽

I. Pantyukhina ◽

C. Stani ◽

N. Cefarin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Evidence ◽

Homo Sapiens ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Chemical Imaging ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Chemical Profiles ◽

Harsh Conditions ◽

Shed Light

AbstractDirect evidence for the intentional processing of starch-rich plants during the Paleolithic is scant, and that evidence is often compromised by concerns over preservation and contamination. Our integrated, multimodal approach couples wear-trace analysis with chemical imaging methods to identify the presence of genuine ancient starch candidates (ASC) on ground stones used in the Pontic Steppe starting around 40,000 years ago. Optical and electron microscopy coupled with infrared spectromicroscopy and imaging provide morphological and chemical profiles for ASCs, that partially match the vibrational polysaccharide features of modern reference starches, highlighting diagenetic differences ranging from partial oxidation to mineralization. The results suggest the intentional processing of roots and tubers by means of mechanical tenderization and shed light on the role of dietary carbohydrates during Homo sapiens’ (HS) colonization of Eurasia, demonstrating a long acquaintance with predictable calorific foods, crucial to maintain homeostasis during the harsh conditions of the Late MIS 3 (40-25 ky).

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