scholarly journals Broadening the Study of Participation in the Life Sciences: How Critical Theoretical and Mixed-Methodological Approaches Can Enhance Efforts to Broaden Participation

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. rm3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Mathematics

This research methods Essay details the usefulness of critical theoretical frameworks and critical mixed-methodological approaches for life sciences education research on broadening participation in the life sciences. First, I draw on multidisciplinary research to discuss critical theory and methodologies. Then, I demonstrate the benefits of these approaches for researchers who study diversity and inclusion issues in the life sciences through examples from two critical mixed-methods studies of prominent issues in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) participation and recognition. The first study pairs critical discourse analysis of the STEM workforce literature, data, and underlying surveys with quantitative analyses of STEM pathways into the workforce. This example illustrates the necessity of questioning popular models of retention. It also demonstrates the importance of intersecting demographic categories to reveal patterns of experience both within and between groups whose access to and participation in STEM we aim to improve. The second study’s critical approach applies research on inequities in prizes awarded by STEM professional societies toward organizational change. This example uses data from the life sciences professional societies to show the importance of placing data within context to broaden participation and understand challenges in creating sustainable change.

Critical Discourse Analysis in Applied Linguistics: A Methodological Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Lin
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Methodological Review ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Literacy Identity

The critical turn arrived in the field of applied linguistics in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and the field has since witnessed a burgeoning body of literature drawing on a variety of analytical frameworks and methodological approaches that are loosely labeled as critical discourse analysis (CDA). A methodological review of the role of CDA in the field is thus timely both to provide signposts for researchers wishing to draw on CDA methods in applied linguistics research and to provide some theoretical and methodological resources to evaluate the rapidly growing body of CDA-oriented applied linguistics research. Unlike some methodological tools, such as corpus analytic tools that can be inserted into a diverse range of theoretical frameworks (e.g., positivist studies, interpretive studies, critical studies), CDA cannot be applied divorced from its paradigmatic theories, as it is closely related to a specific set of social theories about the nature of language, literacy, identity, social practice, and the social world. CDA methods thus cannot be applied without also a concomitant commitment to CDA's theoretical orientations. In this review, the theoretical commitments as well as the classic methods of CDA will first be discussed and then the major areas in which CDA researchers typically conduct their studies are outlined together with a review of the variety of methodological approaches used in these different areas. The strengths as well as the limitations of these approaches will be discussed with examples of recent studies using CDA in the field of applied linguistics. The article will conclude with some suggestions for future directions of CDA methodological development.

scholarly journals Representation of immigrants in New Zealand print media: A critical discourse analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Neda Salahshour
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Entry Points

<p>Representation of Immigrants in New Zealand Print Media: A Critical Discourse Analysis  New Zealand is often perceived as one of the most diverse countries in terms of its population, with “more ethnicities in New Zealand than there are countries in the world” (Statistics New Zealand, 2013). According to the 2013 census, 39% of people who live in Auckland, New Zealand’s most immigrant-populated city, were born overseas. In such a setting, the issue of social harmony becomes important. Media institutions hold power and therefore their representations play a significant role in how immigrants are perceived and whether they are embraced and welcomed or resisted. It is for this reason that media discourse deserves attention.  Research in this area in the context of New Zealand has been limited and furthermore has leaned towards content analysis or a purely qualitative analysis of a specific diaspora. Addressing these issues, my research aims to gain a better understanding of how immigrants are discursively constructed in the New Zealand Herald newspaper during the years 2007 and 2008. Given that the Global Financial Crisis began to make its presence felt in 2008, this study also sought to investigate expected discrepancies in the representation of immigrants during economically challenging times.  Grounded within a critical approach, this study adopts methodic triangulation; that is, the data is analysed using two complementary analytical frameworks, namely that of corpus-assisted discourse analysis (Baker, KhosraviNik, Krzyzanowski, McEnery, & Wodak, 2008) and the Discourse-Historical Approach (Reisigl & Wodak, 2009). Using these two frameworks, I use statistical information as entry points into the data and explore significant collocations which contribute to the construction of dominant representations. This analysis is followed by an in-depth analysis of systematically sampled news articles with the aim of identifying the ii various discursive and argumentation strategies commonly employed in print media.  The findings from both analyses point to a rather ambivalent representation of immigrants. On the one hand, immigrants are constructed as being qualified and playing an important role in filling skill shortages in New Zealand. This positive construction depicts immigrants as an economic resource which ought to be capitalized. In addition, liquid metaphors, previously argued to dehumanize immigrants and construct them as uncontrollable (KhosraviNik, 2009) are surprisingly used in my data to construct the immigration of large numbers of immigrants to New Zealand as essential. On the other hand, immigrants are also constructed as threateningly Other or passive victims. Therefore, immigrants are not only constructed as beneficial to New Zealand society but are also represented as being problematic.  This study identifies a unique representation of immigrants in the New Zealand Herald which could perhaps be explained by the unique socio-political and geographical context of the country. The triangulation and methodic rigour of this study also ensure that the findings are generalizable to the whole dataset and contribute to current understandings of immigrant representation and approaches to the study of discourse and representation.</p>

Framing and blaming in times of economic crisis: The rise and fall of the “Rudd Recession”

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 814-836
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Diffusion Resistance ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

This article takes a critical approach to the language used by Australian politicians during the global financial crisis of 2007–8. Critical periods in history provide a rich substrate for the appearance of new expressions with the potential to frame the debate, influencing the ways events are interpreted and blame attributed. Passing unnoticed into usage, such memes have the potential to become part of unexamined background knowledge and covertly co-opt hearers and users into shared systems of value and belief. The study focusses on one specific neologism deployed by opposition politicians, firstly in an attempt to create the erroneous impression that a recession was occurring and secondly that it was the fault of the Australian Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd. Patterns of occurrence were tracked against local and international events, indicating a life cycle with several distinct phases: chance emergence, a strategic deployment, cross-genre diffusion, resistance and eventual rejection. Keywords: Alliteration; critical discourse analysis; economic crisis; blame; political discourse; slogans; social media; memes.

‘It all started here, and it all ends here too’: Homosexual criminalisation and the queer politics of apology

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-603
Author(s):  
Curtis Redd ◽  
Emma K Russell
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
New Politics ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Australian State ◽  
The World ◽  
Queer Politics ◽  
To Come

In recent years, we have witnessed a tide of government apologies for historic laws criminalising homosexuality. Complicating a conventional view of state apologies as a progressive effort to come to terms with past mistakes, queer theoretical frameworks help to elucidate the power effects and self-serving nature of the new politics of regret. We argue that through the discourse of gay apology, the state extolls pride in its present identity by expressing shame for its ‘homophobic past’. In doing so, it discounts the possibility that systemic homophobia persists in the present. Through a critical discourse analysis of the ‘world first’ gay apology from the parliament of the Australian state of Victoria in 2016, we identify five key themes: the inexplicability of the past, the individualisation of homophobia, the construction of a ‘post-homophobic’ society, the transformation of shame into state pride and subsuming the ‘unhappy queer’ through the expectation of forgiveness.

Reflections on discourse and critique in China and the West

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Chilton ◽  
Hailong Tian ◽  
Ruth Wodak
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Discourse Practice ◽  
Intellectual Environment

The term “critical”, as used by scholars writing under the banner of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), is in need of review in a new global intellectual environment in which diverse philosophical and political traditions are increasingly in contact with one another. This essay is particularly concerned with the question of how a shared understanding of the concept of the critical can be developed among Western and Chinese scholars. To this end the paper gives an overview of notions of critique in the historical traditions of China and the West, addressing issues of conceptualisation, discourse practice and translation. This leads us to consider, from a “critical” point of view, what the appearance of the “critical” approach may mean in the Chinese context. The need for continued dialogue oriented to a deepened understanding of existing ideas and approaches is highlighted.

Testing the Language–Power Assumption of Critical Discourse Analysis: The Case of Israel's Legislative Discourse

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaul R. Shenhav ◽  
Gideon Rahat ◽  
Tamir Sheafer
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The World ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Language And Politics

Abstract. The growing interest in the relation between language and politics brings new assumptions and theoretical frameworks to the study of politics. This study presents a simple empirical test of a major assumption of the critical discourse analysis school: that power is a major factor in political discourse. It examines whether the discourse of Israeli members of parliament (Knesset) represents a view of the world through the prism of power or whether parliament members refer to the experience of similar democracies. We demonstrate that power is a strong and significant factor in Israeli legislative discourse through time and across issues while relevance plays no role.Résumé. L'intérêt grandissant que suscite le lien entre langage et politique, génère de nouvelles hypothèses et de nouvelles théories de l'étude du politique. Cette étude propose de tester l'une des principales hypothèses de l'analyse critique de discours, à savoir que le pouvoir serait un facteur essentiel du discours politique. Le discours des membres du parlement israélien (la Knesset) est analysé afin de déterminer s'il reflète une vision du monde à travers le prisme du pouvoir, ou si au contraire les membres du parlements se réfèrent plutôt à l'expérience d'autres démocraties sous différents angles, en particulier celui de la similaritê de leur travail parlementaire. Cette étude démontre que le pouvoir constitue un facteur important et significatif du discours législatif israélien, à la fois sur la longue durée et concernant une variété de sujets, alors que le facteur de la pertinence ne joue aucun rôle.

scholarly journals The Empire and the Egyptians

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Eide
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Western World ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract This article explores how three different analytical approaches to texts may work together to a certain extent in a critical approach to journalistic representation, in this case of the “non-western” world. Focusing on short news items dealing with the nationalist uprising in Egypt in 1919, the texts are analysed using critical discourse analysis, but also inspired by Said’s Orientalism critique, Bourdieu’s field theory including the notion of journalism as an autonomous field, albeit with a weak autonomy.

scholarly journals 'This may not be represented in the curriculum documents’, an analysis of early childhood education curriculum from Ontario college programs.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gosson
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
College Programs

This study examines the way in which Early Childhood Educators trained in Ontario college programs are prepared to work with queer populations upon entering the field. This study used post-structuralist, queer feminist, and critical disability theoretical frameworks while analysing the data. A content analysis, informed by critical discourse analysis, was used to assess program documents. Course descriptions from ECE program websites were collected, as well as a total of 33 course outlines from 11 different Ontario college ECE programs, and 9 textbooks identified through the course outlines. Queer content was found to be absent from all but 5 course outlines and 4 textbooks. The need to have queer issues included formally in Ontario ECE curriculum, the othering of queer populations, and the erasure of queer identities are discussed. Key

scholarly journals Gendered Narratives And Feminine Identity Formation In Media Personal Accounts

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Débora De Carvalho Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Genre Studies ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Identity Studies ◽  
Narrative Studies ◽  
Body Design ◽  
Personal Accounts

In late modernity, the concepts of identity and identity formation have become inseparable from language and discourse. In this article, based on the theoretical frameworks of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Identity Studies, Narrative Studies and Genre Studies, I investigate how the identities of three women, especially in what concerns their body design, is construed in the genre ‘media personal accounts’, in the present case accounts of experiences of cosmetic plastic surgery published in two Brazilian glossy magazines, Claudia and Plastic Surgery&Beauty (Plástica&Beleza).

scholarly journals Is your marriage “legitimate?”: a critical discourse analysis of Canada's policy on marriage fraud

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Dullabh
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Probationary Period

As of 2012, Canada has implemented a “conditional probationary period” for sponsored spouses or partners through immigration, influenced by a similar policy in the United Kingdom, geared to prevent fraudulent marriage. I will present a critical discourse analysis of the current policies in both the UK and Canada by reviewing the policies, parliamentary debates, media representations, and official statistics. A major finding is that defining a “genuine” or “legitimate” relationship requires such extensive knowledge of all cultures and traditions by immigration officials, that it can become problematic. I use the theoretical frameworks of biopower by Foucault (1978) and orientalism and othering by Said (1978), to explain government control on immigration as well as the control of relationships between spouses and partners, aimed at creating a specific desired population for Canada and the UK.

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