THE EFFECT OF VELOCITY OF DETONATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF EXPLOSIVES USED IN SEISMIC PROSPECTING

Geophysics ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Taylor ◽  
G. Morris ◽  
T. C. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Seismic Prospecting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Velocity Of Detonation ◽  
Refracted Waves

Field tests have shown that no significant difference in amplitude or frequency of the first arrivals of refracted waves at distances from 6,000 to 20,000 feet, is found from explosives having velocities of detonation in the range 7,500 to 1,100 metres/second or powers from 61% to 85% blasting gelatine. When a deflagrating explosive was employed there was only a very small decrease in the amplitude of the refracted wave.

PRESSURE AMPLITUDES OF SEISMIC SIGNALS IN OFFSHORE LOUISIANA

Geophysics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
M. E. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Seismic Signals ◽  
Code Generators ◽  
Single Detector ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
Reflected Signal ◽  
Refracted Waves ◽  
Seismic Lines

Pressure amplitudes were determined for various kinds of seismic signals observed on special test records obtained during field tests conducted along a 14,000-ft seismic lines in Eugene Island Block 184, offshore Louisiana. Vibrators attached to a Seismograph Service Corp. (SSC) boat generated swept‐frequency and monofrequency signals. Signals from detectors on a streamer cable towed by the boat were recorded by an SSC recording system. Signals from a vertical spread of detectors were recorded by a DFS/9000 recorder on the Transco 184 platform centrally located in the test area. Location of the boat was determined by analysis of time relations of signals from responders located at established positions some distance from the test area. Clock times from manually referenced timing code generators were recorded by both the SSC and DFS recorders to permit synchronization between separately recorded signals. The signals analyzed were separated into three classes: [Formula: see text] includes direct and refracted waves; [Formula: see text] consists of primary reflections; and [Formula: see text] includes signals diffracted from scatterers. The average level of first‐arrival signal [Formula: see text] and reflected signal [Formula: see text] for frequency sets 25, 40, 42.2, 50, and 70.4 Hz in the range of 1414 and 2143 ft, which encompasses streamer cable single‐detector groups, is 337 and 29.6 microbars, respectively. The amplitude of signals [Formula: see text], believed to be diffracted from the contact between key reflectors and a salt dome, ranges from 13 to 20 microbars and is 10 to 100 times the amplitudes of towing and ambient noise, respectively. The observed decay of first‐arrival signal amplitude is approximately proportional to the square root of range distance, or about 2 dB/1000 ft. The observed decay of reflected signal amplitude with range distance is approximately 1 dB/1000 ft.

Paper 8: The Dynamic Performance of Tractor–Implement Combinations

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (17) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
M. J. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Significant Difference

The dynamic performance of tractor-implement combinations is considered theoretically in terms of the changes in load, weight transfer, and forward speed arising from variations in implement working depth. Two tractors, one having a top-link sensing control system and the other having a lower-link sensing control system, were modified so that the driving wheels ran eccentrically, imparting a sinusoidal variation in working depth to mounted implements and field tests were carried out using mouldboard and chisel ploughs. The draught and vertical forces between the tractors and implements were recorded continuously during the test runs, together with implement working depth, tractor engine speed, and forward speed. Measured variations in draught correlated well with the variations predicted from laboratory measurements of the tractor implement-control system characteristics. It is concluded, therefore, that field performance can be predicted from standard test data if such measurements are incorporated. The theoretical analysis is used to suggest optimum parameters for implement-control systems. With fully-mounted implements, no significant difference was found between top- and lower-link sensing systems which were otherwise similar. Chisel ploughs were shown to be more difficult to control than mouldboard ploughs. Higher sensititivies would be required to retain control at higher working speeds and also for operating semi-mounted implements with lower-link sensing systems. Semi-mounted chisel ploughs are likely to be more easily controlled than fully mounted ones, but semi-mounted mouldboard ploughs would be slightly more difficult to control than fully mounted ones. A small dead-band in the response characteristics of implement-control systems is shown to have negligible effect on performance, and current maximum rates of lift are likely to be adequate for control purposes.

Correlation of Laboratory and Stripa Field Leaching Studies

1988 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Zoitos ◽  
D. E. Clark ◽  
A. R. Lodding ◽  
G. G. Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Infrared Reflection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy ◽  
Secondary Ion

ABSTRACTA variety of surface sensitive techniques has been used to assess surface layers formed on SRL 165 waste glass specimens from the Stripa burial study and from a laboratory study designed to simulate conditions of the Stripa environment. The laboratory study included static and slow flow tests carried out for periods up to 6 and 24 months, respectively. Comparisons of leached layers formed in the two studies are based upon secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy (FTIRRS), and scanning electron microscopy-electron microprobe (SEM-EMP) analysis.Results demonstrate that surface layers having similar trends in elemental profiles were developed in both lab and field tests. It was also found that both sets of samples showed similar changes in FTIRR spectra. One significant difference between the lab and field samples was that surface alteration, as indicated by changes in FTIRR spectra and leached layer thickness (from SIMS), occurred more rapidly in the lab tests.

scholarly journals Salidroside Attenuates Cognitive Dysfunction in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) and Modulating Inflammation on the Gut-brain Axis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeping Xie ◽  
Hui Lu ◽  
Sixia Yang ◽  
Yi Zeng ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Beta Amyloid ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Multiplex Immunoassay ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as the most prime cause of dementia, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. However, A range of therapeutic approaches have shown unsatisfactory outcomes in clinical setting. Thus, it is critical to develop alternative therapies for the treatment of AD. Salidroside(SAL), a herb-derived phenylpropanoid glycoside compound, has been shown to attenuate LPS-induced cognitive impairment. However, the mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effects remains unclear. Here we show a therapeutic effect of SAL in a reliable and stable mouse model of AD, Senescence-Accelerated Mice Prone 8 (SAMP8).Methods SAMP8 were treated with salidroside, donepezil or saline, cognitive behavioral impairments were assessed using the Morris water maze, Y-maze, and open-field tests. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, performed on the Illumina MiSEq. Brain samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blot to detect Beta Amyloid 1–42 deposition. Activation in microglia and neuroinflammatory cytokines was detected by immunofluorescence, Western blot and qPCR. Serum was analyzed by a Mouse High Sensitivity T Cell Magnetic Bead Panel and performed on the Luminex-MAGPIX multiplex immunoassay system.Results Our results suggested that SAL effectively alleviated hippocampus-dependent memory impairment in SAMP8, and showed no significant difference compared with the donepezil-administration group. SAL significantly (1) reduced toxic beta-amyloid (Abeta) 1–42 deposition; (2) reduced activation of microglia and attenuated proinflammatory factors, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, in the brain; (3) improved the gut barrier integrity and modified the gut microbiota (reversed the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and eliminated Clostridiales and Streptococcaceae, which may have been associated with cognitive deficits); and (4) decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the peripheral circulation, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-12 in particular, according to a multiplex immunoassay.Conclusion In summary, SAL reversed AD-related changes in SAMP8 potentially through the regulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and by modulating inflammation in both peripheral circulation and central nervous system. Our results strongly suggest a therapeutic effect of SAL on cognition-related changes in SAMP8 and highlight its value as a potential source for drug development.

scholarly journals The effect of motivational music on aerobic and anaerobic performance among overweight children

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Alon Eliakim ◽  
Michal Eliakim ◽  
Michal Pantanowitz ◽  
Yoav Meckel ◽  
Dan Nemet
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Shuttle Run

The present study examined whether background music improves aerobic and anaerobic performance in overweight children. Eleven participants (14.6±1.5 yrs, BMI%: 94.3±6.5) performed aerobic (20m Shuttle Run) and anaerobic (repeated sprint test – RST) field tests. Ten participants (12.0±2.1 yrs, BMI%:97.4±1.6) performed aerobic (treadmill running) and anaerobic (Wingate Anaerobic Test – WAnT) laboratory tests. Treadmill running time was significantly longer with, compared to without, music (11.9±1.5 versus 10.6±2.2 min, respectively; p<0.007). There was no significant difference in the 20m shuttle run distance with or without music. Total sprint time was significantly faster during RST with, compared to without, music (47.7±4.7 versus 48.5±5.5 s, respectively; p<0.04), with no significant difference in ideal sprint time and performance decrement. There was no significant difference in peak and mean anaerobic power and fatigue index during the WAnT with and without music. Motivational music may be used to improve aerobic and anaerobic performance among overweight children.

scholarly journals Assessment of objective ocular cyclodeviation under monocular condition and binocular condition using fundus photography

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000595
Author(s):  
Noriaki Murata ◽  
Haruo Toda ◽  
Haruna Amaki ◽  
Kanako Suzuki ◽  
Yumi Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Binocular Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Retinal Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveThe relationship between retinal structure and function of glaucomatous eyes has attracted a great deal of research attention. However, visual field tests are conducted under monocular condition, and ophthalmic imaging was performed in patients without occlusion. We aimed to assess the objective ocular cyclodeviation between monocular occlusion and binocular conditions using fundus photography.Methods and analysisThis study included 76 healthy participants. We obtained six photos of the right eye of each patient using fundus photography. Three of the photographs were taken under monocular conditions, and the other three, under binocular conditions. We measured the optic disc margin-fovea angle (MFA) of the line connecting one point of the disc limbus and the fovea. One-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the angles under both conditions. We also examined the direction of ocular rotation under the binocular condition regarding the monocular condition.ResultsThe MFAs were 12.12°±3.83° and 12.19°±3.95° under the monocular and binocular conditions, respectively. There was no significant difference in both MFAs (F=1.19, p=0.28). The mean cyclodeviation was 0.07°±0.80° (range: −2.40° to +2.75°). A total of 38 eyes showed excycloduction, while another 38 showed incycloduction.ConclusionSignificant cyclodeviation did not occur regardless of the existence of an occlusion. When examining the relationship between retinal structure and function, the difference in rotation angle under both conditions need not be taken into consideration if the other disease did not cause pathological cyclodeviation.

scholarly journals Development of Learning Module Based on Discovery Learning Using Probing Prompting Techniques in Redox Reactions to Improve Critical Thinking Ability in Class X Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313-1319
Author(s):  
Rusdani . ◽  
Hardeli . ◽  
Budhi Oktavia ◽  
Syamsi Aini
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Discovery Learning ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Very High ◽  
Low Ability

This study aims to produce a chemical module based on discovery learning redox reactions using probing prompting techniques and determine the level of validity, practicality and effectiveness of the module. This research includes education development research (EDR) using the Plomp development model which has three stages, namely the preliminary research phase, the prototyping phase and the assessment phase. At the prototyping stage, self evaluation is carried out, expert review, one-to-one evaluation, small group evaluation, while the assessment stage is carried out through field tests. in two schools namely SMAN 15 Padang and SMAN 9 Padang. The research instrument used was a questionnaire in the form of validity and practicality sheets, multiple choice questions and critical thinking questions. Results Module validity by an average validator is 0.87 with a very high validity category. The results of practicality by students in small groups an average of 0.93 and practicality by teachers on field tests an average of 0.87 with a very high level of practicality. Hypothesis test results showed a significant difference between the learning outcomes of experimental class students and the control class in schools with moderate and low ability to use modules. Hypothesis test results also showed a significant difference between the critical thinking skills of experimental class students and the control class both in medium and low ability schools on the use of modules.

scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO DA VELOCIDADE DE CORRIDA NO VO2MÁX (vVO2Máx) E DA FREQUÊNCIA CARDÍACA MÁXIMA (FCMáx) EM CORREDORES AMADORES NOS PROTOCOLOS INDIRETOS DE 1 KM, 1 MILHA, 12 MINUTOS DE COOPER E O TESTE PROGRESSIVO DA UNIVERSIDADE DE MONTREAL (TPUM)

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-28
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Final Grade ◽  
Technical Procedure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The University ◽  
Practical Field

NUNES, W.A.A. e PEREIRA, J. Comparação da velocidade de corrida no VO2max (vVO2max) e da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCMax) em corredores amadores nos protocolos indiretos de 1 km, 1 milha, 12 minutos’ de Cooper e o Teste Progressivo da Universidade de Montreal (TPUM). Revista Científica JOPEF, Vol.28, n.1, pp.16-28, 2019. The current study, the course conclusion working main objective was to make the comparison of the estimation of vVO2máx (Running Speed at VO²max) and HRMax (Maximum Heart Rate) found by the following indirect VO2máx evaluation protocols: 1Km Test, 1 Mile Test, Cooper's 12 minutes Test, 'Test and the University of Montreal Progressive Test (TPUM) on a 1% incline treadmill, also known as the Maximum Aerobic Speed (VAM) Test. Forty-four male military runners, volunteers, with a mean age of 19.5 ± 0.79 with a mean BMI 23.11 ± 0.9 who attended CFC/18 (Military Cable Training Course/ 2018) participated in the study. Cooper's 12 minutes Test was held at the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) athletics track in Curitiba-PR, where its result counted towards the final grade and classification in the referred course. The 1 Km test and the 1 Mile test were collected during the 12 minutes Cooper Test at UFPR and the University of Montreal Progressive Test on a 1% incline electric treadmill was performed 48h after the 12 minutes Cooper Test in a controlled environment using a Moviment RT250 G2 professional treadmill with a top speed of 18km/h. The research was characterized by a deductive approach study that uses a comparative technical procedure of an applied nature that was analyzed in its quantitative and qualitative descriptive form with data obtained through practical field tests where the comparison of vVO2máx and HRMax occurred. The mean values obtained and the standard deviation were obtained. To analyze the differences between vVO2máx and HRMax, the Student's t-test was used (significance level adopted was p <0.05). The results showed that there was no significant difference between vVO2máx found in the 1 Km, 1 Milha, 12 minutes Cooper and TPUM. In the HRMax study there was a significant difference between the 1 km test and Cooper's 12 minutes and 1 Km test and the TPUM. No significant differences were found between the 1 km and 1 mile, 1 mile and Cooper, 1 mile and TPUM and Cooper and TPUM tests. The highest values of HRMax were found in the 12 'tests of Cooper and TPUM, in some cases the results found in the latter underestimate all current equations that are used to obtain the estimate of HRMax.

Fly Catcher Effect in Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)? No Attraction to Lady Beetle Images on Flight Traps

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Nalepa
Keyword(s):  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Migratory Flight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis Pallas

Field tests were conducted to determine if, at the conclusion of their autumn migratory flight, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) are attracted to and preferentially alight on targets covered with the printed images of lady beetles. There was no significant difference in the number of beetles that landed on targets bearing depictions of coccinellids compared with the number that landed on blank, white controls. Results suggest that commercial traps that rely on images of lady beetles to attract incoming coccinellids are of little practical value.

Suppressive effect of black oat, Avena strigosa, KH1a on Meloidogyne spp.

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Uesugi ◽  
Masaaki Katsura ◽  
Naohiro Uwatoko ◽  
Yasushi Tateishi ◽  
Gaku Murata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Damage Indices ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Bare Fallow

Summary The suppressive effect of a black oat, Avena strigosa, breeding line KH1a on Meloidogyne spp. was examined in pot tests and on Meloidogyne incognita in pot and field tests. In pot tests, roots of black oats were examined 42-46 days after inoculation of 500 second-stage juveniles. There were significantly fewer egg masses on the roots of KH1a than on 12 black oat cultivars examined. KH1a was a poor host for four isolates of M. incognita, two isolates of M. arenaria and one isolate of M. javanica, and a non-host for one isolate of M. hapla. The effect of autumn and spring cropping of KH1a on soil nematode density was examined in M. incognita-infested fields. Nematode density after autumn cropping of KH1a was significantly lower than that after susceptible black oat, resulting in significantly lower Pf/Pi in KH1a (0.10 and 0.13) than in susceptible black oat (0.42 and 0.74). Damage indices of the succeeding crop, sweet potato, were significantly lower in KH1a plots than in susceptible black oat plots. In spring cropping, there were significantly fewer soil nematodes in KH1a plots than in susceptible black oat plots 3 weeks after cultivation. In both autumn and spring cropping, there was no significant difference in soil nematode density between KH1a and bare fallow. These results suggested that KH1a is a good alternative to current susceptible cultivars for the management of M. incognita.

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