The need for preventive drugs and vaccines in global cancer control: a challenge for public health and for industry

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Vainio
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The World ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Rich Countries

Ten million new cancer patients are diagnosed worldwide each year. There will be a dramatic increase over the next 20 years in the number of people contracting cancer, especially in the developing, poorer part of the world. Many types of cancer vary in incidence and mortality by more than an order of magnitude between different populations, and every type is rare in some part of the world, suggesting that cancers are in principle preventable. Many specific causes of cancer are known, from factors related to lifestyle, diet, infections and occupations. The remarkable advances in molecular understanding of the carcinogenesis process over the past 25 years have transformed the approaches in cancer control. About 15% of cancers worldwide are caused by known infectious agents. Human papillomavirus vaccines, which are already being tested, may, in the long run, be able to prevent almost all cervical cancers. New promising disciplines in prevention, such as chemoprevention, have emerged. Chemoprevention has been successfully achieved in numerous animal experiments, and has been validated in several clinical trials. But more effective and safer chemopreventive agents and vaccines are needed. Rising prices of medicines and vaccines are putting them beyond the reach of many people, even in rich countries. Future enhanced efforts on an international basis are needed to guarantee access to these lifesaving drugs and vaccines. Putting prevention high on the agenda requires political courage and a long-term perspective.

scholarly journals STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS TO OVERCOMING CORRUPTION: FINANCIAL AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (36) ◽  
pp. 481-495
Author(s):  
O. Dluhopolskyi ◽  
A. Farion-Melnyk ◽  
I. Bilous ◽  
N. Moskaliuk ◽  
S. Banakh
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Two Sides

Corruption was always intrinsic to all types of economy, but the most developed countries had the smallest level of corruption and this rule worked opposite. But recently, the scope of the problem has increased and changed sharply around the world. This negative phenomenon in a long run is absorbing almost all executive branches. So, the article is devoted to analyzing the main spheres and areas of corruption. Results showed that many countries have high rates in a corrupted society. The article shows the reasons and roots of corruption behavior. Regression analysis for the Rule of Law Index and corruption indicators is carried out with a focus on the relation between ROL Index and CPI, GCI. The direct link between ROL Index and CPI is confirmed empirically (R2 = 0,9155). Also, an indirect link between ROL Index and GCI (R2 = 0,9294), ROL Index and ESG Index is confirmed (R2 = 0,7209). The main recommendations was given to develop and implement the integrated anti-corruption technologies in the tangent spheres: public administration, local self-government, justice, education and medicine, et. Major approaches that define the rule of law were clarified with the aim to prove the interaction between non-compliance of rule of law and the appearance of corruption as a phenomenon. It is considered that the rule of law and human rights are two sides of the same principle that defines the freedom to live worthily without corrupted actions that destroy people’s independence firstly from the shadow economy and secondly from dishonest behavior from different dependent officials.

scholarly journals Digital Life: Creative and Open-ended

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Costa Baciu
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Virtual Spaces ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Partial Truth ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Digital Computers

Digitization? What does the term mean; and why does it matter? One can occasionally read in news or social media that the United States and the Netherlands were among the first countries in the world to be digitized, while most other countries stayed behind, much to their own disadvantage. However, such statements only reflect a partial truth. They only reflect how digital computers and the Internet swept the globe. Yet, digital computers and the Internet are only the latest wave of digitization. To understand what is happening in the long run, let us put this latest wave of digitization into its broader context. We will understand that almost all life is fundamentally digital. The consequences are of hallmark importance: Everywhere we look (into cities, geography, culture, virtual spaces, language, ecosystems, epidemics, virus infections, etc.) life can be studied with the same mathematical tools; and almost everywhere the same theories apply.

Social determinants of cancer incidence and mortality around the world: an ecological study

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin T. McDaniel ◽  
Kaamel Nuhu ◽  
Juan Ruiz ◽  
Genevieve Alorbi
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cancer Outcomes ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The World ◽  
Policies And Programs

Cancer continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity the world over. While the incidence of cancer is projected to increase by 70% over the next two decades, some research findings suggest a disproportionate distribution of new cancer cases and attendant fatalities across certain regions of the world, with poor and lower income countries worse affected at a time when advances in cancer research, medical technology, and drug development are giving rise to better cancer survival in developed countries. In this study, the role of selected social determinants of health in gauging cancer outcomes relative to incidence across various countries in different regions of the world was explored. The results indicated that the education index, income index, Gini coefficient, availability of cancer control policies and programs, as well as health system performance have an association with and are good predictors of the mortality to incidence ratio (MIR) of lung, breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers. In other words, populations with better education, higher incomes and lower inequalities, active cancer control policies and programs and high performing health systems have better cancer outcomes as reflected in lower MIRs relative to other populations.

World Financial System: Globalization or Deglobalization?

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Arkhipova
Keyword(s):  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Shadow Banking ◽  
Financial Globalization ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

The paper investigates the current phases of world financial system’s (WFS) development that was identified on the base of Obstfeld-Taylor index describing international capital movement. It is shown that in order to differentiate the main periods of WFS life-cycle one should investigate the first and the second waves of financial globalization. The respective analysis mainly includes comparison of financial deglobalization/globalization process evidences in the wake of global financial crises. On the one hand, almost all global financial markets (except global currency market) demonstrated downturns and/or sharp slowdowns in overall performance during 2007-2009. For example, global banking demonstrated the “flight home” effect. On the other hand, the author consolidated the analysis of the pre-crisis and 2010-2014 financial data, geographical changes in global credit market, global currency market’s dynamics during 2004-2013, shadow banking and VIX-index trends, initiatives on global financial reforms. This showed that the financial world is not becoming deglobalized in medium-term perspective. Moreover, according to author’s research, financial globalization currently undergoes a deep systemic transformation, including a wider geography of its main driving forces. Still, it is not excluded that deglobalization trend is possible in a long-run perspective because of global financial crisis lasting since 2007, persistence of “contagion effect” and deeply linked multiple financial bubbles in the world financial system, high volatility of financial and some other markets. It is supposed that once started processes of deglobalization can be immediately transferred from financial sphere to the world economy. Finally, author outlines necessary conditions for continuing evolutionary financial globalization process. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared with support of the grant of Russian Fund for Humanities (Project № 15-02-00391 “Russian monetary and budgetary policy during current phase of global economic development”).

Globalization and interconfessional communications

2001 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Serhii Viktorovych Svystunov
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Rapid Appearance

In the 21st century, the world became a sign of globalization: global conflicts, global disasters, global economy, global Internet, etc. The Polish researcher Casimir Zhigulsky defines globalization as a kind of process, that is, the target set of characteristic changes that develop over time and occur in the modern world. These changes in general are reduced to mutual rapprochement, reduction of distances, the rapid appearance of a large number of different connections, contacts, exchanges, and to increase the dependence of society in almost all spheres of his life from what is happening in other, often very remote regions of the world.

The Role of Technological Change in the Long-run Global Economy Forecasting

2013 ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Apokin
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
National Economies

The author compares several quantitative and qualitative approaches to forecasting to find appropriate methods to incorporate technological change in long-range forecasts of the world economy. A?number of long-run forecasts (with horizons over 10 years) for the world economy and national economies is reviewed to outline advantages and drawbacks for different ways to account for technological change. Various approaches based on their sensitivity to data quality and robustness to model misspecifications are compared and recommendations are offered on the choice of appropriate technique in long-run forecasts of the world economy in the presence of technological change.

From the Tower of London to the Thomas More Society of Buenos Aires: “Give me thy grace, good Lord, to set the world at nought”

Moreana ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (Number 164) (4) ◽  
pp. 187-206
Author(s):  
Clare M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Short History ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
Hebrew Poetry ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Of Hours ◽  
Almost All

The Thomas More Society of Buenos Aires begins or ends almost all its events by reciting in both English and Spanish a prayer written by More in the margins of his Book of Hours probably while he was a prisoner in the Tower of London. After a short history of what is called Thomas More’s Prayer Book, the author studies the prayer as a poem written in the form of a psalm according to the structure of Hebrew poetry, and looks at the poem’s content as a psalm of lament.

Auto Markets in the World and Strategy of Japan’s Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Matsuoka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Auto Industry ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Automatic Driving ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Made In

In the world auto market, top three companies are VW(Volkswagen), Runault-Nissan-Mistubishi, and Toyota. About some selected countries and areas, China, England, Italy, Australia, Germany, Turkey, Russia, Sweden, USA, Brazil, UAE, Japan, Vietnam and Thailand are more competitive. However, the situation is different. Seeing monopolistic market countries and areas, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Korea, Malaysia, France, India, and Pakistan, in particular, the influence of Japan to Taiwan, India, and Pakistan is very big. But in Korea and France, their own companies’ brands occupy the market. In Japan domestic market, the overall situation is competitive. Almost all vehicles made in Japan are Japanese brand. From now on, we have to note the development of electric vehicle (EV) and other new technologies such as automatic driving and connected car. That is because they will give a great impact on the auto industry and market of Japan. Now Japan’s auto industry is going to be consolidated into three groups, Honda, Toyota group, and Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi group for seeking the scale merit of economy. Therefore, I will pay attention to the worldwide development of EV and other new technologies and the reorganization of auto companies groups.

ON EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF THERMAL AND WIND FACTORS FOR A PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE WORLD OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
V. G. Neiman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The main content of the work consists of certain systematization and addition of longexisting, but eventually deformed and partly lost qualitative ideas about the role of thermal and wind factors that determine the physical mechanism of the World Ocean’s General Circulation System (OGCS). It is noted that the conceptual foundations of the theory of the OGCS in one form or another are contained in the works of many well-known hydrophysicists of the last century, but the aggregate, logically coherent description of the key factors determining the physical model of the OGCS in the public literature is not so easy to find. An attempt is made to clarify and concretize some general ideas about the two key blocks that form the basis of an adequate physical model of the system of oceanic water masses motion in a climatic scale. Attention is drawn to the fact that when analyzing the OGCS it is necessary to take into account not only immediate but also indirect effects of thermal and wind factors on the ocean surface. In conclusion, it is noted that, in the end, by the uneven flow of heat to the surface of the ocean can be explained the nature of both external and almost all internal factors, in one way or another contributing to the excitation of the general, or climatic, ocean circulation.

An Econometric Analysis on the Relationship between Globalisation and Inequality in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Jacques de Jongh
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Globalisation has had an unprecedented impact on the development and well-being of societies across the globe. Whilst the process has been lauded for bringing about greater trade specialisation and factor mobility many have also come to raise concerns on its impact in the distribution of resources. For South Africa in particular this has been somewhat of a contentious issue given the country's controversial past and idiosyncratic socio-economic structure. Since 1994 though, considerable progress towards its global integration has been made, however this has largely coincided with the establishment of, arguably, the highest levels of income inequality the world has ever seen. This all has raised several questions as to whether a more financially open and technologically integrated economy has induced greater within-country inequality (WCI). This study therefore has the objective to analyse the impact of the various dimensions of globalisation (economic, social and political) on inequality in South Africa. Secondary annual time series from 1990 to 2018 were used sourced from the World Bank Development indicators database, KOF Swiss Economic Institute and the World Inequality database. By using different measures of inequality (Palma ratios and distribution figures), the study employed two ARDL models to test the long-run relationships with the purpose to ensure the robustness of the results. Likewise, two error correction models (ECM) were used to analyse the short-run dynamics between the variables. As a means of identifying the casual effects between the variables, a Toda-Yamamoto granger causality analysis was utilised. Keywords: ARDL, Inequality, Economic Globalisation; Social Globalisation; South Africa

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