scholarly journals Second-generation antipsychotics and metabolic side-effects: Canadian population-based study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Hirsch ◽  
Scott B. Patten ◽  
Lauren Bresee ◽  
Nathalie Jette ◽  
Tamara Pringsheim
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Canadian Health

BackgroundUse of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) has increased in recent years; however, their use and effect on metabolic outcomes has been poorly characterised in population-level studies.AimsThis study aimed to determine the associations between SGA use and metabolic indicators in a general population.MethodWe used data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey, a cross-sectional survey of Canadian households. Participants were Canadians aged 3–79 years, living in one of the ten provinces. Several metabolic indicators were examined, including weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hypertension, diabetes and two definitions of metabolic syndrome.ResultsThe proportion of Canadians taking an SGA tripled over the study period. SGA use was significantly associated with hypertension (odds ratio 1.94, 95% CI 1.07–3.55) and abdominal obesity in adults, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III (odds ratio 2.62, 95% CI 1.45–4.71).ConclusionsEvidence of metabolic dysfunction with SGAs is seen in the Canadian population, along with a rapid increase in prevalence of use since 2007.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Prevalence of intermittent claudication in rural and urban Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India: a population-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2620
Author(s):  
Manjunath Krishna ◽  
Anu M. Oommen ◽  
Jackwin Sam Paul G. ◽  
Vinod J. Abraham ◽  
Kuryan George
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Background Population

Background: Population based estimates from India on the prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) are scarce. This study aimed to assess the population-based prevalence of PAD in rural and urban Vellore, Tamil Nadu, South India.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted using the WHO STEPS methodology and the WHO/Rose questionnaire for intermittent claudication for identifying symptomatic PAD among adults aged 30-64 years. The study was done in nine villages of one rural block and in 48 urban wards of Vellore, between 2011-12. Risk factors for PAD such as sociodemographic factors, tobacco use, anthropometry, known medical conditions, Fasting Plasma Glucose and lipid profile were also assessed and association with PAD estimated using odds ratios, chi-square tests and logistic regression.Results: Among 5429 adults aged 30-64 years, the prevalence of PAD (intermittent claudication) was 4.9/1000 (95% Confidence Interval CI: 3.0/1000 - 6.8/1000). The prevalence in urban Vellore was higher than in the rural area (6.9/1000 vs. 3.8/1000).  After adjusting for sociodemographic factors and other confounding factors, current tobacco use was found to be significantly associated with the presence of PAD (adjusted Odds Ratio: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.10-7.54).Conclusions: This study provides estimates of the burden of PAD in rural and urban adults in Vellore, Tamil Nadu. The trend of this condition needs to be monitored in various locations to assess the public health significance and the need for population level measures for diagnosis, treatment and screening. Education regarding harmful effects of tobacco use should also involve education regarding risk of PAD.

Health Behaviours and Awareness of Canada’s Food Guide: A Population-based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonsikelelo Mathe ◽  
Calypse B. Agborsangaya ◽  
Christina C. Loitz ◽  
Jeffrey A. Johnson ◽  
Steven T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Specific Health

Purpose: Lifestyle behaviours among adults reporting awareness of Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) are described. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey of adults from Alberta were used to estimate the prevalence of reported health behaviours among respondents aware of the CFG. Results: Respondents (n = 1044) reported general awareness of CFG (mean age 50.3 years; 54.2% female) of whom 82.2% reported awareness of specific CFG recommendations. Respondents reported frequently reading food labels (>58.0%), reading the number of calories (45.5%), the amount of sodium (49.5%), the amount of fat (46.7%), and the type of fat (45.5%) on the food label. Most respondents (90.0%) reported frequently selecting foods to promote health. Approximately one-third of the respondents (35.8%) reported frequently consuming ≥5 portions of vegetables and fruit per day and regularly participating in physical activity (55.3%). Body weight was perceived as healthy by 63.4% of the respondents. Most engaged in 2 health behaviours frequently. Adjusting for important socio-demographic characteristics, those who reported frequently consuming ≥5 portions of vegetables and fruit per day were more likely to engage in a second health behaviour outlined in CGF (OR: 23.6, 95% CI (16.2–34.4)). Conclusion: Awareness of CFG did not translate to positive health behaviours. More proactive population level strategies to support specific health behaviours as outlined in CFG might be warranted.

230 Association Between Chronotype and Subjective Cognitive Functioning: Population-Based Study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A92-A92
Author(s):  
Inha Hwang ◽  
Dana Oh ◽  
Jee-Eun Yoon ◽  
Daeyoung Kim ◽  
Kwang Ik Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Status

Abstract Introduction Increasing research suggests that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in the absence of objective cognitive dysfunction may be a forerunner of non-normative cognitive decline and eventual progression to dementia. We investigated the association between chronotype and subjective cognitive functioning in the representative sample of the adult population. Methods We included subjects who participated in a nationwide cross-sectional survey of sleep and headache in 2018 in the Republic of Korea. A total of 2136 subjects (age 19-92, mean 48.3 ± 16.5 years old, 1062 male) was included in the analysis. To assess subjective cognitive functioning, we adopted the Mail-In Cognitive Function Screening Instrument (MCFSI). The MCSFSI is a brief, self-administered potential outcome measure developed by the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS) to detect early changes in cognitive and functional abilities in individuals without clinical impairment. MCFSI scores ≥5 were considered abnormal for this study. As an indicator of chronotype, we adopted the “midpoint of sleep on free days corrected for sleep extension on free days (MSFsc).” MSFsc was calculated as follows: MSFsc = midpoint of sleep on free days − 0.5 × (sleep duration on free days − [5 × sleep duration on workdays + 2 × sleep duration on free days]/7). Participants whose MSFsc occurred before 04:00 AM, between 04:00 and 04:59 AM, and after 05:00 AM were classified as early, intermediate, and late chronotype, respectively. The associations between chronotype and subjective cognitive functioning were analyzed with logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results Subjective cognitive functioning was abnormal in 381 subjects (17.8%). A late chronotype was significantly associated with abnormal subjective cognitive functioning compared with an early chronotype independent of age, sex, average sleep duration, alcohol, smoking, regular exercise, anxiety, depression, body mass index (BMI), education years, and income status (OR 1.619, 95% CI 1.03 - 2.55, p=0.038). Abnormal subjective cognitive functioning was significantly associated with older age, female sex, lower education, higher BMI, anxiety, and depression. Conclusion This survey cohort results provide evidence at the population level that late chronotype is associated with abnormal subjective cognitive functioning. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Socio-demographic factors modify awareness, knowledge, and perceived risk of glaucoma in rural and urban residents in Ghana: a population-based survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 251584142199809
Author(s):  
Stephen Ocansey ◽  
Emmanuel K. Abu ◽  
Carl Halladay Abraham ◽  
Andrews Owusu-Ansah ◽  
Caleb Acheampong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Eye Examination

Purpose: To evaluate the awareness, knowledge and the perception of risks of glaucoma among rural and urban dwellers in Ghana, a high prevalent country, in order to provide information for health promotion planning. Method: In a population-based descriptive cross-sectional survey, 1200 adults were selected from household settings, using a two-stage cluster and simple systematic random sampling. Quantitative data collection, using interviewer-administered questionnaire, was employed. Descriptive statistics were performed using chi-square, ordinal univariate, multinomial and multivariate logistic regression models used to calculate odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) to identify predictive factors. Results: Overall, only 326 (27.2%, 95% CI = 24.6–29.7) indicated they were aware of glaucoma, whereas 331 (27.6%, 95% CI = 24.6–29.7) had ever undergone an eye screening. Low knowledge was demonstrated in 152 (46.6%, 95% CI = 41.2–52.0) and high knowledge in 99 (30.4%, 95% CI = 25.4–35.4) glaucoma-aware participants. Only 238 (19.8%, 95% CI = 17.6–22.1) of respondents presumed themselves to be at risk of developing glaucoma. Having eye examination (within the last 6 months) was positively associated with knowledge (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.413; 95% CI = 0.9–1.896) and awareness (AOR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.938–2.449). Three levels of education (no education (AOR = 0.041; 95% CI = 0.016–0.11), primary (AOR = 0.057; 95% CI = 0.018–0.179), and middle school (AOR = 0.254; 95% CI = 0.127–0.51)) were associated with low knowledge while all levels of education were inversely associated with awareness. Perceived risk of glaucoma was also influenced by area of residence (rural (AOR = 0.344; 95% CI = 0.21–0.57)), being young (18–24 years (AOR = 4.308; 95% CI = 2.36–7.88)) and having previously undergone screening for glaucoma (AOR = 13.200; 95% CI = 5.318–32.764). Conclusion: The main modifiers of glaucoma awareness and knowledge were education and previous eye examination, but awareness had additional factor of area of residence. Perceived risk of glaucoma was influenced by being young and living in urban areas.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, risk factors for infection and associated symptoms in Geneva, Switzerland: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Richard ◽  
Ania Wisniak ◽  
Javier Perez-Saez ◽  
Henri Garrison-Desany ◽  
Dusan Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractBackgroundPopulation-based serological surveys provide a means for assessing the immunologic landscape of a community, without the biases related to health-seeking behaviors and testing practices typically associated with rt-PCR testing. This study assesses SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence over the first epidemic wave in Canton Geneva, Switzerland, as well as biological and socio-economic risk factors for infection and symptoms associated with IgG seropositivity.Methods and findingsBetween April 6 and June 30, 2020, former participants of a yearly representative cross-sectional survey of the 20-75-year-old population of the canton of Geneva were invited to participate in a seroprevalence study, along with household members five years and older. We collected blood and tested it for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins G (IgG). Questionnaires were self-administered. We estimated seroprevalence with a Bayesian model accounting for test performance and sampling design. We included 8344 participants (53.5% women, mean age 46.9 years). The population-level seroprevalence over the 12-week study period was 7.8 % (95% Credible Interval (CrI) 6.8-8.9), accounting for sex, age and household random effects. Seroprevalence was highest among 18-49 year olds (9.5%, 95%CrI 8.1-10.9), with young children (5-9 years) and those >65 years having significantly lower seroprevalence (4.3% and 4.7-5.4% respectively). Men were more likely to be seropositive than women (relative risk 1.2, 95%CrI 1.1-1.4). Odds of seropositivity were reduced for female retirees (0.46, 95%CI 0.23-0.93) and unemployed men (0.35, 95%CI 0.13-1.0) compared to employed individuals, and for current smokers (0.36, 95%CI 0.23-0.55) compared to never-smokers. We found no significant association between occupation, level of education, neighborhood income and the risk of being seropositive. Symptoms most strongly associated with seropositivity were anosmia/dysgeusia, loss of appetite, fever, fatigue and myalgia and/or arthralgia. Thirteen percent of seropositive participants reported no symptoms.ConclusionsOur results confirm a low population seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after the first wave in Geneva, a region hard hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Socioeconomic factors were not associated with seropositivity in this sample. The elderly and young children were less frequently seropositive, though it is not clear how biology and behaviors shape these differences. These specificities should be considered when assessing the need for targeted public health measures.

scholarly journals Stunting, wasting, overweight and their coexistence among children under 7 years in the context of the social rapidly developing: Findings from a population-based survey in nine cities of China in 2016

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245455
Author(s):  
Ya-Qin Zhang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Hua-Hong Wu ◽  
Xin-Nan Zong
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Body Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

The prevalence of stunting, wasting, overweight and their coexistence are various in different populations and they also have changed with social developing and environmental improving. In this paper, we aimed to analyze the prevalence of stunting, wasting, overweight and their coexistence in some developed regions of China. Data were collected in a population-based cross-sectional survey by a multi-stage cluster sampling method in nine cities located in the northern, central, and southern region of China in 2016. Children under seven years (n = 110,491) were measured. WHO growth standards were used to assess the growth status. Stunting, underweight, wasting, overweight and obesity were considered as the primary forms of malnutrition (includes undernutrition and overnutrition) for infant or young children at population-levels. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and overweight or obesity were respectively 0.7%, 0.6%, 1.2%, and 7.6%. Most of these children (95.4%) suffered from one form of malnutrition, and only 0.2% of them concurrently stunted and wasted, 0.4% concurrently stunted and overweight, 1.7% concurrently stunted and underweight, 2.3% concurrently underweight and wasted. Among stunted children, 91.2% were appropriate body proportion, and only 2.3% were wasted, 6.5% were overweight or obesity. Among overweight or obese children, only 0.6% were stunted, whereas, 15.8% were high stature and 83.6% were the appropriate ranges of stature. Sex, age, urban/suburban, and region were associated with these primary forms of malnutrition in the multivariate logistic analysis. In conclusion, we found that the coexistence of stunting and overweight was not common at both population-level and individual-level. The situation for undernutrition had significantly improved, and overweight may be the leading public health issue for children under seven years in the nine cities of China.

scholarly journals Association between Blood Pressure and Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Concentration within the Reference Range: A Population-Based Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn O. Åsvold ◽  
Trine Bjøro ◽  
Tom I. L. Nilsen ◽  
Lars J. Vatten
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study

Abstract Context: The association between thyroid function and blood pressure is insufficiently studied. Objective: The objective of the investigation was to study the association between TSH within the reference range and blood pressure. Design and Setting: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study. Subjects: A total of 30,728 individuals without previously known thyroid disease were studied. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure and odds ratio for hypertension (>140/90 mm Hg or current or previous use of antihypertensive medication), according to categories of TSH. Results: Within the reference range of TSH (0.50–3.5 mU/liter), there was a linear increase in blood pressure with increasing TSH. The average increase in systolic blood pressure was 2.0 mm Hg [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–2.6 mm Hg] per milliunit per liter increase in TSH among men, and 1.8 mm Hg (95% CI 1.4–2.3 mm Hg) in women. The corresponding increase in diastolic blood pressure was 1.6 mm Hg (95% CI 1.2–2.0 mm Hg) in men and 1.1 mm Hg (95% CI 0.8–1.3 mm Hg) in women. Comparing TSH of 3.0–3.5 mU/liter (upper part of the reference) with TSH of 0.50–0.99 mU/liter (lower part of the reference), the odds ratio for hypertension was 1.98 (95% CI 1.56–2.53) in men and 1.23 (95% CI 1.04–1.46) in women. Conclusion: Within the reference range of TSH, we found a linear positive association between TSH and systolic and diastolic blood pressure that may have long-term implications for cardiovascular health.

Poor social support and loneliness in chronic headache: Prevalence and effect modifiers

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 033310242110203
Author(s):  
Maria Lurenda Westergaard ◽  
Cathrine Juel Lau ◽  
Karen Allesøe ◽  
Anne Helms Andreasen ◽  
Rigmor Højland Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Medication Overuse ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
Very High

Objective To explore the prevalence of poor social support and loneliness among people with chronic headache, and how these might be effect modifiers in the relationships between chronic headache and stress, medication overuse, and self-rated health. Background Poor social support and loneliness are consistently linked to worse health outcomes. There are few epidemiologic studies on their effect on headache. Methods The Danish Capital Region Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey, was conducted in 2017. Participants were asked about headache, pain medication use, social support, loneliness, perceived stress, and self-rated health. Data were accessed from sociodemographic registers. Logistic regression analyses were performed to test for effect modification. Results The response rate was 52.6% (55,185 respondents) and was representative of the target population. People with chronic headache were more likely to report poor social support and loneliness compared to those without chronic headache ( p < 0.0001 for both). Odds ratios for the combination of chronic headache and poor social support were very high for stress (odds ratio 8.1), medication overuse (odds ratio 21.9), and poor self-rated health (odds ratio 10.2) compared to those without chronic headache and with good social support. Those who reported both chronic headache and loneliness had a very high odds ratio for stress (odds ratio 14.4), medication overuse (odds ratio 20.1), and poor self-rated health (odds ratio 15.9) compared to those without chronic headache and low loneliness score. When adjusted for sociodemographic factors, poor social support and loneliness were not significant effect modifiers in almost all these associations. Loneliness was a significant effect modifier in the association between chronic headache and medication overuse, but exerted greater effect among those who did not report they were lonely. Conclusion Poor social support and loneliness were prevalent among people with chronic headache. The combination of chronic headache and poor social support or loneliness showed higher odds ratios for stress, medication overuse, and poor self-rated health compared to those with good social support and low loneliness scores. The effect of loneliness in the relationship between chronic headache and medication overuse warrants further study.

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