scholarly journals Young pregnant women and risk for mental disorders: findings from an early pregnancy cohort

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Lockwood Estrin ◽  
Elizabeth G. Ryan ◽  
Kylee Trevillion ◽  
Jill Demilew ◽  
Debra Bick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Population Prevalence

BackgroundYoung women aged 16–24 are at high risk of common mental disorders (CMDs), but the risk during pregnancy is unclear.AimsTo compare the population prevalence of CMDs in pregnant women aged 16–24 with pregnant women ≥25 years in a representative cohort, hypothesising that younger women are at higher risk of CMDs (depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder), and that this is associated with low social support, higher rates of lifetime abuse and unemployment.MethodAnalysis of cross-sectional baseline data from a cohort of 545 women (of whom 57 were aged 16–24 years), attending a South London maternity service, with recruitment stratified by endorsement of questions on low mood, interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview DSM-IV-TR.ResultsPopulation prevalence estimates of CMDs were 45.1% (95% CI 23.5–68.7) in young women and 15.5% (95% CI 12.0–19.8) in women ≥25, and for ‘any mental disorder’ 67.2% (95% CI 41.7–85.4) and 21.2% (95% CI 17.0–26.1), respectively. Young women had greater odds of having a CMD (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.8, 95% CI 1.8–18.6) and CMDs were associated with living alone (aOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.0) and abuse (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI 0.8–2.8).ConclusionsPregnant women between 16 and 24 years are at very high risk of mental disorders; services need to target resources for pregnant women under 25, including those in their early 20s. Interventions enhancing social networks, addressing abuse and providing adequate mental health treatment may minimise adverse outcomes for young women and their children.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Development of the RMT20, a composite screener to identify common mental disorders

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Batterham ◽  
Matthew Sunderland ◽  
Natacha Carragher ◽  
Alison L. Calear
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
General Psychological Distress

Background There are few very brief measures that accurately identify multiple common mental disorders. Aims The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a new composite measure to screen for five common mental disorders. Method Two cross-sectional psychometric surveys were used to develop (n = 3175) and validate (n = 3620) the new measure, the Rapid Measurement Toolkit-20 (RMT20) against diagnostic criteria. The RMT20 was tested against a DSM-5 clinical checklist for major depression, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, with comparison with two measures of general psychological distress: the Kessler-10 and Distress Questionnaire-5. Results The area under the curve for the RMT20 was significantly greater than for the distress measures, ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 across the five disorders. Sensitivity and specificity at prescribed cut-points were excellent, with sensitivity ranging from 0.85 to 0.93 and specificity ranging from 0.73 to 0.83 across the five disorders. Conclusions The RMT20 outperformed two established scales assessing general psychological distress, is free to use and has low respondent burden. The measure is well-suited to clinical screening, internet-based screening and large-scale epidemiological surveys.

Prevalence of common mental disorders among Dutch medical students and related use and need of mental health care: a cross-sectional study

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Gaspersz ◽  
Monique H.W. Frings-Dresen ◽  
Judith K. Sluiter
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess common mental disorders and the related use and need for mental health care among clinically not yet active and clinically active medical students. Methods: All medical students (n=2266) at one Dutch medical university were approached. Students from study years 1–4 were defined as clinically not yet active and students from study years 5 and 6 as clinically active. An electronic survey was used to detect common mental disorders depression (BSI-DEP), anxiety (BSI-ANG), stress (4DSQ) and post-traumatic stress disorder (IES). The use of mental health services in the past 3 months and the need for mental health services were asked for. The prevalence of common mental disorders, the use and need for mental health services and differences between groups were calculated. Results: The response rate was 52%: 814 clinically not yet active and 316 clinically active students. The prevalence of common mental disorders among clinically not yet active and clinically active students was 54% and 48%, respectively. The use of mental health services was 14% in clinically not yet active and 12% in clinically active students with common mental disorders (n.s.). The need for mental health services by clinically not yet active and clinically active students was 52% and 46%, respectively (n.s.). Conclusions: The prevalence of probable common mental disorders are higher among clinically not yet active than among clinically active students. The need of mental health services exceeds use, but is the same in the two groups of students.

The structure of common DSM-IV and ICD-10 mental disorders in the Australian general population

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1593-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIM SLADE ◽  
DAVID WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background. Patterns of co-occurrence among the common mental disorders may provide information about underlying dimensions of psychopathology. The aim of the current study was to determine which of four models best fits the pattern of co-occurrence between 10 common DSM-IV and 11 common ICD-10 mental disorders.Method. Data were from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being (NSMHWB), a large-scale community epidemiological survey of mental disorders. Participants consisted of a random population-based sample of 10641 community volunteers, representing a response rate of 78%. DSM-IV and ICD-10 mental disorder diagnoses were obtained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), version 2.0. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the relative fit of competing models.Results. A hierarchical three-factor variation of a two-factor model demonstrated the best fit to the correlations among the mental disorders. This model included a distress factor with high loadings on major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and neurasthenia (ICD-10 only); a fear factor with high loadings on social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD); and an externalizing factor with high loadings on alcohol and drug dependence. The distress and fear factors were best conceptualized as subfactors of a higher order internalizing factor.Conclusions. A greater focus on underlying dimensions of distress, fear and externalization is warranted.

scholarly journals Prevalence and gender differences in psychiatric disorders and DSM-IV mental disorders: a population-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1975-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Veisani ◽  
Ali Delpisheh ◽  
Fathola Mohamadian
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Common

Background: The early diagnosis of psychiatric disorders is critical as it improves the chance of recovery for patients. The aim of this study was to determine gender disparities in psychiatric and mental disorders in adult persons and to examine the validity of the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28; Persian version) in the diagnosis of patients with suspected psychiatric disorders, along with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted using cluster random sampling method in three steps. Subjects were screened by GHQ-28 and then evaluated by Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) for diagnosis/classification of mental disorders. Chi-square test and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis. The ROC curve was used to assess cut-off points. Results: Of the 763 participants (aged 15 and above), 25.8% of responders demonstrated characteristics of psychological distress; the prevalence in males and females were 20.9% and 29.8%, respectively. The common mental disorders in males were anxiety disorder (18.2%), followed by any major depressive disorder (MDD) (17.4. %), and compulsive disorder (10.0%). In females, the common mental disorders were anxiety disorder (23.6%), followed by any MDD (22.7%), compulsive disorder (13.9%), phobia disorder (10.4%) and psychotic disorder (6.1%). ROC analysis showed that 91.7% of suspected persons had a mental disorder as assessed by DSM-IV-TR.  

scholarly journals Factors associated with the probability of common mental disorders in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselma Lucchese ◽  
Naiane Dias Simões ◽  
Luiz Henrique Batista Monteiro ◽  
Ivânia Vera ◽  
Inaina Lara Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of probability of common mental disorders in pregnant women and associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a quantitative and descriptive approach was performed with 330 pregnant women enrolled in a Women's Health Service located in Mid-West Brazil. Data were obtained through a questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics and family or personal history. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire and Poisson regression were applied to screen for common mental disorders, aiming to identify factors associated with it. Results: The prevalence of probability of common mental disorders among pregnant women was 57.1% and it was associated with marital status, gestational age, unplanned pregnancy and bleeding. Conclusion: The prevalence of pregnant women likely to have common mental disorders and the average Self-Reporting Questionnaire score estimated in this study were higher than those found in other studies with samples from the general population.

scholarly journals IN THIS ISSUE

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1499-1500
Author(s):  
CRAIG MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

This issue contains two reviews, one on the findings from high-risk studies of schizophrenia, and one comparing two psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Other sets of papers examine various aspects of PTSD, psychosis, personality disorder, and common mental disorders, and four individual papers examine a variety of topics.

scholarly journals Potential scalp stimulation targets for mental disorders: evidence from neuroimaging studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Cao ◽  
Thalia Celeste Chai-Zhang ◽  
Yiting Huang ◽  
Maya Nicole Eshel ◽  
Jian Kong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

AbstractMental disorders widely contribute to the modern global disease burden, creating a significant need for improvement of treatments. Scalp stimulation methods (such as scalp acupuncture and transcranial electrical stimulation) have shown promising results in relieving psychiatric symptoms. However, neuroimaging findings haven’t been well-integrated into scalp stimulation treatments. Identifying surface brain regions associated with mental disorders would expand target selection and the potential for these interventions as treatments for mental disorders. In this study, we performed large-scale meta-analyses separately on eight common mental disorders: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, compulsive disorder, major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia; utilizing modern neuroimaging literature to summarize disorder-associated surface brain regions, and proposed neuroimaging-based target protocols. We found that the medial frontal gyrus, the supplementary motor area, and the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex are commonly involved in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. The target protocols we proposed may provide new brain targets for scalp stimulation in the treatment of mental disorders, and facilitate its clinical application.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and mental health of pregnant women in Ceará, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Márcia Maria Tavares Machado ◽  
Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha ◽  
Marcia C. Castro ◽  
Edgar Gomes Marques Sampaio ◽  
Francisco Ariclene Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing

OBJECTIVE To assess the perceptions of pregnant women about COVID-19 and the prevalence of common mental disorders during the implemented social distancing period. METHODS This was an observational, cross-sectional study using digital media, of pregnant women exposed to social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. Common mental disorders were estimated using the modified Self-Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) scale, and the feelings towards COVID-19 were assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 scale through telephone calls made in May 2020. COX multivariate regression models were used to verify the associations. RESULTS Of the 1,041 pregnant women, 45.7% (95%CI: 42.7–48.8) had common mental disorders (CMD). All items of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale showed a significant association with the prevalence of CMD (p < 0.001). A CMD risk gradient was observed, going from a prevalence ratio of 1.52 (95%CI: 1.13–2.04) in pregnant women with two positive items to 2.70 (95%CI: 2.08–3.51) for those with four positive items. Early gestational age and the lack of prenatal care were also associated with CMD. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of common mental disorders in pregnant women was high during the period of social distancing and was aggravated by negative feelings towards COVID-19.

scholarly journals Mental disorders and obstetric diseases in high risk gestations

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Denyse Sales Veloso Albuquerque ◽  
Eugenio de Moura Campos ◽  
Joao Paulo Lima Santos ◽  
Joao Paulo de Oliveira Rodrigues ◽  
Isadora Wanderley Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Pregnancy

Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of major depression disorder, anxiety disorders and substance abuse in women with high-risk pregnancy and identify maternal-fetal pathologies and other variables associated with higher prevalence of mental disorders. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 46 women in the high-risk gestation outpatient clinic of the Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand in Fortaleza - Ceará. A sociodemographic and a clinical data questionnaire were applied, as well as Abuse Assesment Screen, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Alcohol Smoking and Substance Screening Test. Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI) was applied to women with positive screening in the mentioned scales. Results: Using the screening tools, the prevalence was 30.4% for depression and 52.2% for anxiety; with the MINI the prevalence was 30,4% and 34,8%, respectively. Pregnant women with cardiac diseases had a 66,7% depression prevalence and a 77.8% anxiety prevalence, both higher than those with other pathologies. Depression and anxiety were also associated with unwanted pregnancy and domestic violence during life. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and anxiety was high in this sample of pregnant women and the associated risk factors need to be understood, so that better interventions in the treatment of pregnant women can be implemented.

scholarly journals Symptoms of common mental disorders and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adults living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049824
Author(s):  
Andreas D Haas ◽  
Cordelia Kunzekwenyika ◽  
Stefanie Hossmann ◽  
Josphat Manzero ◽  
Janneke van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

ObjectivesTo examine the proportion of people living with HIV who screen positive for common mental disorders (CMD) and the associations between CMD and self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).SettingSixteen government-funded health facilities in the rural Bikita district of Zimbabwe.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsHIV-positive non-pregnant adults, aged 18 years or older, who lived in Bikita district and had received ART for at least 6 months.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of participants screening positive for CMD defined as a Shona Symptoms Questionnaire score of 9 or greater. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of participants reporting suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for factors associated with CMD, suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence.ResultsOut of 3480 adults, 18.8% (95% CI 14.8% to 23.7%) screened positive for CMD, 2.7% (95% CI 1.5% to 4.7%) reported suicidal ideations, and 1.5% (95% CI 0.9% to 2.6%) reported perceptual symptoms. Positive CMD screens were more common in women (aPR 1.67, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.35) than in men and were more common in adults aged 40–49 years (aPR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.85) or aged 50–59 years (aPR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.17) than in those 60 years or older. Positive CMD screen was associated with suboptimal adherence (aPR 1.53; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.70).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of people living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe are affected by CMD. There is a need to integrate mental health services and HIV programmes in rural Zimbabwe.Trial registration numberNCT03704805.

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