Risk factors for prospective increase in psychological stress during COVID-19 lockdown in a representative sample of adolescents and their parents – ERRATUM

Introduction: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and dinner consumption in a nationally representative sample of Iranian adolescents. Methods: The present study was conducted on 5642 adolescents aged 10-18 years old in 27 provinces in Iran. The subjects were included applying by multistage random cluster sampling. Participants who ate ≥5 dinners during a week were considered as a dinner consumer. Results: Among 5642 subjects, 1412 (25%) did not consume dinner. Dinner consumers were less likely to be overweight or obese (P < 0.001) and abdominally obese (P < 0.001) as well as to have an abnormal level of HDL-C (P = 0.02). Dinner skipper youths had a higher risk for overweight or obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.39-1.89) and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.36-1.85) which remained significant after adjusting confounding factors (P <0001). No relationship was observed between dinner consumption and the rest of the CVD risk factors, neither in crude nor in adjusted models. A higher proportion of dinner-consumer adolescents had no CVD risk factors in comparison to dinner-skipper subjects (31.1% vs. 28%). Conclusion: Eating dinner might be inversely associated with some CVD risk factors among Iranian adolescents. Further prospective studies will need to prove this theory.

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Gastrointestinal carriage of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a general adult population in Norway: a cross-sectional study of risk factors and bacterial genomic diversity

10.1101/2021.02.06.21251253 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Niclas Raffelsberger ◽

Marit Andrea Klokkhammer Hetland ◽

Kristian Svendsen ◽

Lars Småbrekke ◽

Iren H. Löhr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Population Structure ◽

General Population ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Adult Population ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Genomic Diversity ◽

Prescription Database ◽

Hospitalised Patients

SummaryBackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniae is a leading public health threat due to its increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Gastrointestinal carriage of K. pneumoniae is a risk factor for subsequent infections in hospitalised patients. We determined risk factors for gastrointestinal carriage and the genomic population structure of K. pneumoniae colonising humans in a representative sample of a general population.Methods2,975 individuals (54% women) ≥40y participating in the population-based Tromsø Study 7 (2015-2016) were included. Faecal samples were screened for K. pneumoniae which were characterised using whole-genome sequencing. Risk factors for carriage were analysed using data from the Norwegian Prescription Database and questionnaires, using multivariable logistic regression.FindingsPrevalence of K. pneumoniae gastrointestinal carriage was 16·3% (95% CI 15·0-17·7%) with no gender difference. Risk factors associated with carriage included age ≥60y, travel to Greece or Asia past 12 months (adjusted odds ratio 1·49, 95% CI 1·11-2·00), Crohn’s disease/ulcerative colitis (2·26, 1·20-4·27), use of protein pump inhibitors (1·62, 1·18-2·22) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs past six months (1·38, 1·04-1·84), and antibiotic use last month (1·73, 1·05-2·86). Prevalence was higher among those having used combinations of drug classes and decreased over time with respect to preceding antibiotic use. The K. pneumoniae population was diverse with 300 sequence types among 484 isolates distributed across four phylogroups. Among the isolates, 5·2% and 11·6% harboured acquired resistance and virulence factors, respectively.InterpretationIdentification of risk factors for gastrointestinal carriage in a representative sample of a general population allows for identification of individuals that may have a higher risk of extraintestinal infection during hospitalisation. The diverse population structure of K. pneumoniae carriage isolates reflects the ecologically adaptive capacity of the bacterium, and the low antibacterial consumption probably contributes to the low prevalence of resistance in clinical isolates in Norway.

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RISK FACTORS FOR LOW GAIT SPEED: A NESTED CASE-CONTROL SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF THE MEXICAN HEALTH AND AGING STUDY

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2015.63 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

M.U. PÉREZ-ZEPEDA ◽

J.G. GONZÁLEZ-CHAVERO ◽

R. SALINAS-MARTINEZ ◽

L.M. GUTIÉRREZ-ROBLEDO

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Performance Test ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Case Control ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Aging Study

Background: Physical performance tests play a major role in the geriatric assessment. In particular, gait speed has shown to be useful for predicting adverse outcomes. However, risk factors for slow gait speed (slowness) are not clearly described. Objectives: To determine risk factors associated with slowness in Mexican older adults. Design: A two-step process was adopted for exploring the antecedent risk factors of slow gait speed. First, the cut-off values for gait speed were determined in a representative sample of Mexican older adults. Then, antecedent risk factors of slow gait speed (defined using the identified cut-points) were explored in a nested cohort case-control study. Setting, participants: One representative sample of a cross-sectional survey for the first step and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (a cohort characterized by a 10-year follow-up). Measurements: A 4-meter usual gait speed test was conducted. Lowest gender and height-stratified groups were considered as defining slow gait speed. Sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, psychological and health-care related variables were explored to find those associated with the subsequent development of slow gait speed. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were performed. Results: In the final model, age, diabetes, hypertension, and history of fractures were associated with the development of slow gait speed. Conclusions: Early identification of subjects at risk of developing slow gait speed may halt the path to disability due to the robust association of this physical performance test with functional decline.

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Childhood infectious diseases and old age cognitive functioning: a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610220001404 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

A. Rotstein ◽

S. Z. Levine

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Old Age ◽

Early Life ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Nationally Representative

ABSTRACT Background: Cumulative evidence suggests that health-related risk factors during midlife and old-age are associated with cognitive impairment. However, studies are needed to clarify the association between early-life risk factors and impaired cognitive functioning to increment existing knowledge. Objective: To examine the association between childhood infectious diseases and late-life cognitive functioning in a nationally representative sample of older adults. Participants: Eligible respondents were 2994 community-dwelling individuals aged 65–85. Measurements: Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Childhood infectious diseases (i.e. chicken pox, measles, and mumps) were self-reported. The study covariates were age, sex, highest educational level achieved, smoking status, body mass index, and depression. The primary statistical analysis examined the association between the number of childhood infectious diseases and total MMSE scores, accounting for all study covariates. Regression models of progressive complexity were examined for parsimony. The robustness of the primary results was tested in 17 sensitivity analyses. Results: The most parsimonious model was a linear adjusted model (Bayesian Information Criterion = 12646.09). Late-life cognitive functioning significantly improved as the number of childhood infectious diseases increased (β = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.26; p < 0.001). This effect was not significantly attenuated in all sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: The current study results are consistent with prior ecological findings indicating that some childhood infectious diseases are associated with better cognitive functioning in old-age. This points to an early-life modifiable risk factor associated with older-life cognitive functioning. Our results may reflect selective mortality and/or beneficial effects via hormetic processes.

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Microalbuminuria and its associated risk factors in a representative sample of Italian Type II diabetics

Journal of Diabetic Complications ◽

10.1016/0891-6632(88)90019-0 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 12-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Paola Garancini ◽

Guiseppe Gallus ◽

Gigliola calori ◽

Piero Micossi ◽

Guido Pozza

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Type Ii ◽

Type Ii Diabetics ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Increased Overall Heart Rate Irregularity Risk by Hyperuricemia in the General Population: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56100501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. 501

Author(s):

Yeonghee Eun ◽

Kyung-Do Han ◽

Da Hye Kim ◽

In Young Kim ◽

Eun-Jung Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Sample Data ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

The Relationship

Background and objectives: Hyperuricemia is one of the well-known cardiovascular risk factors. There is a growing interest in the association between hyperuricemia and arrhythmia. We used the representative sample data of Korean population to study the association between hyperuricemia and heart rate irregularity (HRI) that reflects total arrhythmia. Materials and Methods: We performed weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the association between hyperuricemia and HRI. Results: Of the 10,827 subjects, 1308 (13.2%) had hyperuricemia and 130 (1%) had HRI. In the presence of hyperuricemia, HRI was three times higher than that in the absence of hyperuricemia (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.71–5.18). The risk of HRI was highest in subjects with both hypertension and hyperuricemia. In the subgroup analysis, the association of hyperuricemia with HRI was most pronounced in the smoker group. Conclusions: Hyperuricemia was highly correlated with HRI in adult Korean representative sample data. Hyperuricemia was associated with a nearly tripled risk for HRI. Hypertension has a synergistic effect with hyperuricemia on HRI. Further research is warranted to clarify the relationship between hyperuricemia and arrhythmia and its mechanism.

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Infection, screening, and psychological stress of health care workers with COVID-19 in a non-frontline clinical department

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2020.428 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Ge Wang ◽

Jia-Lun Guan ◽

Xiu-Qing Zhu ◽

Mu-Ru Wang ◽

Dan Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Care ◽

Psychological Stress ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Close Contact ◽

Endoscopic Examination ◽

Viral Shedding ◽

Clinical Department ◽

Care Workers ◽

Ward Rounds

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate risk factors and psychological stress of health care workers (HCWs) with COVID-19 in a non-frontline clinical department. Methods: Data of 2 source patients and all HCWs with infection risk were obtained in a department in Wuhan from January to February 2020. A questionnaire was designed to evaluate psychological stress of COVID-19 on HCWs. Results: The overall infection rate was 4.8% in HCWs. 10 of 25 HCWs who contacted with 2 source patients were diagnosed with confirmed COVID-19 (8/10) and suspected COVID-19 (2/10). Other 2 HCWs were transmitted by other patients or colleagues. Close care behaviours included physical examination (6/12), life nursing (4/12), ward rounds (4/12), endoscopic examination (2/12). Contacts fluctuated from 1 to 24 times and each contact was short (8.1 min ± 5.6 min). HCWs wore surgical masks (11/12), gloves (7/12), and isolation clothing (3/12) when providing medical care. Most HCWs experienced a mild course with 2 asymptomatic infections, taking 9.8 days and 20.9 days to obtain viral shedding and clinical cure, respectively. Psychological stress included worry (58.3%), anxiety (83.3%), depression (58.3%), and insomnia (58.3%). Conclusions: Close contact with COVID-19 patients and insufficient protection were key risk factors. Precaution measures and psychological support on COVID-19 is urgently required for HCWs.

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Physical Fighting Among Male and Female Adolescents of Military Families: Results From a Representative Sample of High School Students

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260516640546 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 115-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jason Reinhardt ◽

Kristen Clements-Nolle ◽

Wei Yang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Military Families ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

School Students ◽

Physical Fighting ◽

Military Involvement ◽

School Property

The impact of family military involvement on adolescent mental health and substance abuse is well established, but little is known about other behavioral health outcomes such as physical fighting. We assessed the relationship between family military involvement and physical fighting in a representative sample of 3,928 high school students. Weighted logistic regression was used to determine whether adolescents from military families had higher odds of fighting and fighting on school property compared with adolescents of non-military families after controlling for demographics, substance use, depressive symptoms, and bullying victimization. We also assessed the cumulative impact of multiple risk factors on fighting outcomes. Overall, 23.5% of high school students reported physical fighting and 7.0% reported physical fighting at school. Youth from military families had higher odds of physical fighting (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.27, 2.25]) and physical fighting on school property (AOR = 1.98; 95% CI = [1.16, 3.39]). In models stratified by gender, family military involvement remained independently associated with physical fighting and physical fighting at school for males (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI = [1.15, 2.65] and AOR = 2.21; 95% CI = [1.03, 4.74]) and females (AOR = 1.65; 95% CI = [1.11, 2.45] and AOR = 1.88; 95% CI = [1.01, 3.50]). The odds of engaging in each physical fighting outcome increased as the cumulative number of risk factors increased. School-based interventions aimed at addressing fighting should be tailored to fit the unique needs of adolescents in military families, particularly those with additional risk factors.

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