scholarly journals Comparing intentions to reduce substance use and willingness to seek help among transgender and cisgender participants from the global drug survey

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S245-S245
Author(s):  
Dean Connolly ◽  
Emma Davies ◽  
Michael Lynskey ◽  
Monica Barratt ◽  
Larissa Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trans People ◽  
Gender Groups

AimsTo describe and compare psychoactive substance misuse help-seeking among transgender (trans) and cisgender (cis) participants from a large multi-national cross-sectional survey.BackgroundTrans people experience stressors related to their minority status which have been associated with increased rates of psychoactive substance use and related harm. Despite this, there is a paucity of evidence relating to the treatment needs of trans people who use psychoactive substances, beyond a small body of literature describing a culture of transphobic hostility in general substance misuse services. This paper aims to describe and compare psychoactive substance misuse help-seeking among trans and cis participants from a large multi-national cross-sectional survey.MethodOver 180,000 participants, recruited from the world's largest annual survey of drug use - the Global Drug Survey (GDS) - during 2018 and 2019, reported use of a range of psychoactive substances in the preceding 12 months. Five gender groups (118,157 cis men, 64,319 cis women, 369 trans men, 353 trans women and 1,857 non-binary people) were compared, using Chi-square and z-tests with Bonferroni correction, on items relating to the desire to use less psychoactive substances and the need to seek help to achieve this. Respondents from GDS 2018 were also assessed for substance dependence. Binary logistic regression was used to compare gender groups on self-reported substance dependence to frame the help-seeking analyses.ResultTrans respondents (n = 1,710) to GDS 2018 were significantly more likely than cis respondents to report use of illicit substances (OR = 1.66-2.93) and dependence on cannabis (OR = 2.39), alcohol (OR = 3.28) and novel psychoactive substances (OR = 4.60). In the combined GDS 2018 and 2019 dataset, there were no significant differences between trans (n = 2,579) and cis (n = 182,476) participants on the desire to reduce substance use. However, among those who did report wanting to use less, non-binary people and trans women were most likely to want help to achieve this.ConclusionTrans respondents reported a greater need for help with reducing substance use than cis respondents. Given the deficit of specialist services for psychoactive substance users who are trans, there is a need for a more thorough understanding of the barriers and facilitators to their engagement in general substance misuse services. In the interim, substance misuse service providers require education about gender minority status to help meet the needs of trans clients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and reasons of use of different psychoactive substances among prisoners at Malir Prison, Karachi.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1488-1492
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas Jat ◽  
Muhammad Tarique Arain ◽  
Saima Qureshi ◽  
Kheenpal Das ◽  
Anum Haider
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Prisoners ◽  
Study Setting

The use psychoactive substances are on the rise in general population and even seen more among those who are involved in criminal activities. There are many reasons for such irrational use of psychoactive substances. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and reasons of use of different psychoactive substances among prisoners at Malir prison, Karachi. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Malir prison, Karachi. Period: 22nd April 2019 to 26th May 2019. Material & Methods: This study was conducted at district Malir prison, Karachi. All the cases who were imprisoned due to any reason and had history of psychoactive substance use were enrolled. Thorough history and examination was carried out. Ethical considerations were taken as per international guidelines. Results: Among all 490 male prisoners who used to take different type of psychoactive substance, majority were of age ranges of 21 to 35 years and 55% were married while 44% were single and 1% were divorced or separated. Out of 490 cases 453 (92%) were using different substances thorough routes other than injections while 37 (8%) were injection users. Majority of prisoners 252 (52%) were using Heroin while 86 (17%) were using Crystals, 74 (15%) Cannabis, 37 (8%) Synthetic substances, 24 (5%) Ice, 6 (1%) Opioid and 11 (2%) were using some other type of substance. The most common reason of substance use was peer pressure followed by fun and frustration. Conclusion: Substance use prevalence is high in prison. Existing services for the management of drug dependence are not meeting the global standard of evidence based comprehensive drug treatment and rehabilitation.

Salud mental y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes colombianos

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Viviana Cruz Ramírez ◽  
Carlos Gómez Restrepo ◽  
Carlos J Rincón
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
Consumo De Sustancias

Introducción: Se ha propuesto una estrecha asociación entre trastornos del afecto y ansiedad en adolescentes con consumo de sustancias. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y los trastornos mentales más frecuentes asociados éste consumo, en adolescentes colombianos. Metodología: Estudio transversal, con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental 2015. Con adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años, en quienes se les aplicó CIDI-CAPI (versión 21.1.3) asistida por computador y Assist modificado. Resultados: Se describió información de 408 adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años que reportan consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por lo menos una vez en la vida, siendo una muestra representativa a nivel nacional. Se encontró que la sustancia de mayor consumo fue el alcohol con una prevalencia de 16,6% (IC95% 14,2-19,2), Bogotá constituye la región con mayor consumo de sustancias con una prevalencia de 33,8% (IC95% 24,7-44,2). Ser hombre entre los 16 y 17 años representa un factor de riesgo para consumo de sustancias, así mismo, presentar trastornos del afecto aumenta 2,28 veces el riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Conclusiones: La población adolescente con trastornos del afecto o ansiedad se encuentra en mayor riesgo de consumir sustancias psicoactivas. Introduction: An association between affective and anxiety disorders has been proposed in adolescents with substance use. Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychoactive substance use and the most frequent mental disorders associated with this consumption, in Colombian adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that uses data from the National Mental Health Survey 2015. With adolescents between 12 and 17 years old, in whom CIDI-CAPI (version 21.1.3) was applied by computer and modified ASSIST. Results: A total of 408 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old who reported psychoactive substance use at least once in their lives were described , this group was  a representative sample of national population. The most frequent consumed substance was alcohol with a prevalence of 16.6% (95% CI, 14.2-19.2), Bogotá is the region with the highest consumption of substances with a prevalence of 33.8% (IC95 % 24.7-44.2). Otherwise, being a man between 16 and 17 years old represents a risk factor for substance use. Likewise, presenting affective disorders increases by 2.28 times the risk of psychoactive substance use. Conclusions: adolescents with affective or anxiety disorders are at higher risk of psychoactive substances use, making difficult the treatment and desmonstrating the vulnerability of this population. 

scholarly journals Do sexual expectancies and inhibitions predict high-risk sexual behaviours? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey among young psychoactive substance users in the informal settlements of Kampala, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonny Ssekamatte ◽  
Simon P.S. Kibira ◽  
Moses Tetui ◽  
John Bosco Isunju ◽  
Richard K. Mugambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Sexual Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Abstract Background The use of psychoactive substances is a public health challenge among young people in informal settlements. Though rarely examined, the use of psychoactive substances is linked to sexual expectancies and inhibitions, and consequently high-risk sexual behaviours. This study examined the association between sexual expectancies and inhibitions on high-risk sexual behaviours among young psychoactive substance users (PSU) in the informal settlements of Kampala, Uganda.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 744 young PSU in the informal settlements of Kampala. Data were analysed using Stata 14 software. A ‘modified’ Poisson regression model was used for inferential statistics. Results Of the 744 study participants, 45.6% believed that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance; 43.3% believed that psychoactive substances make sex more pleasurable; while more than half (53.3%) believed that psychoactive substances give courage or confidence to approach a partner for sex. The belief that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance (PR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.30), increases the likelihood of engaging in sex (PR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04-1.40) or gives courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner (PR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.39) were positively associated with ever having sex while under the influence of psychoactive substances. The belief that a psychoactive substance user, under the influence of psychoactive substances is more likely to engage in sex (PR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15-1.90), and likely to find it difficult to refuse sex (PR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06-1.55) were positively associated with engaging in multiple sexual partnerships. The belief that one easily forgets to use a condom when under the influence of psychoactive substances, was positively associated with inconsistent condom use (PR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09-1.45).Conclusion Psychoactive substance use expectancies such as the belief that psychoactive substances improve sexual performance, and give courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner, and inhibitions such as an increased likelihood of engaging in sexual intercourse, finding difficulties in refusing to engage in sexual intercourse, and forgetting to use condoms while intoxicated predicted high-risk sexual behaviours among young PSU. Therefore, is essential to implement sexual and reproductive health and risk reduction interventions targeting young PSU in informal settlements.

scholarly journals Psychoactive Substance Use Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Visual Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 987-988
Author(s):  
Francisco Lopez ◽  
Jason Leddy ◽  
Benjamin Han ◽  
Joseph Palamar
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Abstract Older adults with visual impairment may be at risk for developing substance use disorder (SUD) as psychoactive substance use is often used to cope with the stressors of vision loss. This study estimates the national prevalence and risk of psychoactive substance use among older adults with visual impairment. We analyzed data of respondents age ≥50 from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an annual cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized individuals in the U.S. (N=43,886). We estimated and compared prevalence of past-year use of cannabis, cocaine, misuse of prescription opioids, sedatives, stimulants/tranquilizers, alcohol use disorder (AUD), any SUD, and nicotine dependence between adults with visual impairment to those without. Comparisons were conducted using chi-square and we used multivariable generalized linear models using Poisson and log link to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for adults with visual impairment relative to those without, controlling for demographics and diagnosis of ≥2 chronic diseases. An estimated 6.1% experienced visual impairment. Those with visual impairment had higher prevalence of AUD, nicotine dependence, misuse of prescription opioids, tranquilizers, and stimulants, and SUDs. In adjusted analyses, vision-impaired adults had higher risk of AUD (aPR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.40-2.09), nicotine dependence (aPR =1.53, 95% CI:1.35-1.73), opioid misuse (aPR =1.54, 95% CI:1.26-1.90), and SUD (aPR=1.67, 95% CI:1.40-2.01). Psychoactive substance use adds unique health risks for older adults with vision loss, who may suffer significant psychological stress and loss of independence. Screening for substance use among all older adults with visual impairment should be considered.

scholarly journals Do sexual expectancies and inhibitions predict high-risk sexual behaviours? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey among young psychoactive substance users in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonny Ssekamatte ◽  
Simon P. S. Kibira ◽  
Moses Tetui ◽  
John Bosco Isunju ◽  
Richard K. Mugambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Sexual Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Abstract Background Psychoactive substance use is a public health challenge among young people in informal settlements. Though rarely examined, psychoactive substance use is linked to sexual expectancies and inhibitions, and consequently high-risk sexual behaviours. This study examined the association between sexual expectancies and inhibitions, and high-risk sexual behaviours among young psychoactive substance users (PSUs) in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 744 young PSUs from informal settlements in Kampala. Respondent driven sampling was used to recruit respondents. A ‘modified’ Poisson regression model was used for inferential statistics. Data were analysed using the Stata 14 software. Results Of the 744 study participants, 45.6% believed that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance; 43.3% believed that psychoactive substances make sex more pleasurable, and 53.3% believed that psychoactive substances give courage or confidence to approach a partner for sex. The belief that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance (PR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.30), increases the likelihood of engaging in sex (PR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04–1.40) or gives courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner (PR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–1.39) were associated with having sex while under the influence of psychoactive substances. The belief that a psychoactive substance user under the influence of psychoactive substances is more likely to engage in sex (PR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15–1.90), and likely to find it difficult to refuse sex (PR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06–1.55) were positively associated with engaging in multiple sexual partnerships. The belief that one easily forgets to use a condom when under the influence of psychoactive substances was positively associated with inconsistent condom use (PR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09–1.45). Conclusion Psychoactive substance use expectancies associated with high-risk sexual behaviours included the belief that psychoactive substances improve sexual performance and improve confidence in approaching a sexual partner. Psychoactive substance use inhibitions associated with high-risk sexual behaviours included an increased likelihood of engaging in sexual intercourse, difficulties in refusing to engage in sexual intercourse, and forgetting to use condoms while intoxicated. Interventions targeting a reduction in high-risk sexual behaviour should integrate the impact of psychoactive substance use on sexual behaviour.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of substance use among undergraduates in a developing country

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 875-883
Author(s):  
Chinyere Mirian Aguocha ◽  
Emeka Nwefoh
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Background: Psychoactive substance use is a major global public health issue. Use of psychoactive substances has been associated with negative consequences among students. Objective: The study assessed the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychoactive substance use among un- dergraduate students in a Nigerian university. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 763 undergraduate students of Imo State Uni- versity, Owerri, Nigeria, recruited using multi-stage sampling technique. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics and pattern of psychoactive substance use were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: The lifetime rate of psychoactive substance use was 84.5%. Alcohol had the highest rate of lifetime (82.5%) and 12-month (61.1%) use. There was a similar rate of lifetime use of psychoactive substances among males (86.1%) and females (83.4%). Age (p<0.05) and place of residence (p<0.05) were significantly associated with lifetime psychoactive substance use. Catholics (OR:1.43; 1.03 – 1.99), whose friend (OR:1.94; 1.39 – 2.71), roommate (OR:3.06; (1.62 – 5.78) or broth- er (OR:1.22; 0.77 – 1.93) uses psychoactive substances were significantly more likely to have used substances in the past 12-months. Conclusion: There is a high rate of psychoactive substance use among the students. Age, religion, place of residence, family and peer use of substances are important determinants of psychoactive substance use. Keywords: Substance use; undergraduates; Nigeria.

scholarly journals Psychoactive Substance Use among Second-Year and Third-Year Medical Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (238) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha Sapkota ◽  
Vinutha Silvanus ◽  
Priyanka Shah ◽  
Sanjeev Chandra Gautam ◽  
Anjeel Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Second Year

Introduction: Psychoactive substance use among medical students is common. This may not only pose a threat to their health and academic performance but may have medico-legal and ethical ramifications. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of six psychoactive substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, benzodiazepines, opioids) among second year and third year medical students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional was done in a medical college. Whole sampling was done and ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference Number: 54-074/075). The study was conducted from May 2018 to June 2018. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire modified and adapted from World Health Organization's guidelines for student substance use survey was used to collect data from second year and third year medical students. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0 was used for analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 226 total respondents, 95 (42.0%) (35.55- 48.45 at 95% Confidence Interval) reported current use of one or more psychoactive substances. Most frequently used substance was alcohol with current use prevalence of 87 (38.5%), followed by smoking 39 (17.3%) and cannabis 27 (11.9%). Cocaine, benzodiazepines and opioids were the least consumed substances with current use prevalence of 2 (0.9%) each. Conclusions: Almost half of the students were currently using one or more psychoactive substances which is concerning, and therefore strategies must be adopted to alleviate such use.

scholarly journals The Pattern of Psychoactive Substance Use among Undergraduates in the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
C. Okechukwu ◽  
S. A. Abolo ◽  
R. N. Ogo ◽  
O. U. Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Substance Users ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The University

Aim: This study set out to determine the extent of use, abuse and dependence of commonly abused psychoactive substances and their correlates among undergraduates in the University of Port Harcourt. Methodology: In a cross-sectional survey, using multi-stage sampling, undergraduates in the Social sciences faculty of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria were selected. A semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO student drug survey proforma was used as an instrument for data collection. The results were analysed using EPI-info 2000 statistical package. Results: There were 352 respondents with a mean age of 24.4 ± 3.5 years. There were 203 (57.7%) males and 149 (42.3%) females. A majority of respondents (90.6%) use at least one psychoactive substance while 22.2% of them abuse substances. The male sex predominated among the substance abusers with a M: F ratio of 2:1. The prevalence of current use for psychoactive substances ranged from 1.3% to 74.9%. Alcohol (74.9%), was the most commonly used psychoactive substances while heroin (1.3%), was the least used. Abuse rates were higher in cocaine, tobacco and cannabis (66.7%, 63.6% and 55.3% respectively) while dependency rates were higher in heroin, cannabis and cocaine (100.0%, 76.2% and 50.0% respectively). The top three reasons given for starting to use psychoactive substances were experimentation (23.1%), group conformity (23.1%) and curiosity (20.5%) while the reasons given for continuing to use/abuse these substances were to feel good (37.2%), relieve stress (20.0%) and avoid withdrawal symptoms (11.5%). The majority (70.5%) of psychoactive substance users started to use substances before enrolment into the university while more than half of the substance users (56.4%) admitted that being in the university did not increase their use of psychoactive substances. Adverse effects on productivity were noted in 60.3% of substance users. Conclusion: The tendency to abuse substances may begin earlier in childhood and adolescent ages, with the male sex, more vulnerable. More efforts at public enlightenment on the detrimental effects of psychoactive substances should be strategically targeted to include the family unit, primary and secondary school children.

scholarly journals Pattern and associated factors of psychoactive substance use among undergraduate students in a North-eastern Nigerian University

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
D. Sulyman ◽  
K.A. Ayanda ◽  
Y.M. Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Objective: There is an increased trend in the use of psychoactive substances among youths in Northern Nigeria. Youths use substances to enhance  performances. Studies have shown associations between drug use and psychiatric morbidity. This study examined the use of psychoactive  substances among undergraduates. It also assessed the presence of psychiatric morbidity among the users and nonusers of psychoactive drugs. Method: The study was a cross-sectional study using WHO Student Drug Use Survey Questionnaire and GHQ-12 for 983 undergraduates of a northern Nigeria university. Results: The prevalence rate of psychoactive substance use was 36.5%. Tobacco, stimulants and alcohol were commonly used drugs. Parental separation and fathers' use of drugs were factors associated with the use of psychoactive substances. Psychiatric morbidity among substance users and non-users were 31.0% and 11.8% Conclusion: The study found high rate for the use of psychoactive substances among the students with correspondingly high rate of psychiatric morbidity among the users of psychoactive substances. Keywords: Psychoactive substance; Psychiatric morbidity; undergraduate students.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document