Modified Frontal Leucotomy: A Review of 106 Cases

1964 ◽  
Vol 110 (465) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. T. Birley
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Standard Operation ◽  
Functional Psychoses

Frontal leucotomy has been used in the treatment of psychiatric illness for over twenty years. Its popularity has undergone the usual fluctuations of a newly-introduced form of empirical therapy, and at present there are many different opinions about its value (Lancet, 1962; Pippard, 1962). For a critical review of the clinical and psychological literature, see Willett (1960). The standard operation has fallen out of favour, not because it was thought to be ineffective, but because it had undesirable side-effects on the personality. Various “modified” operations have, therefore, been introduced. Using one of these—the “orbital undercutting” technique—Knight (1960) has reported excellent results in 129 cases of long-standing depression. Robin (1958, 1959), however, has reported no difference between the outcome for 198 patients who had a standard leucotomy for functional psychoses, fifty-two of them affective, and an equal number of carefully but retrospectively matched controls.

Critical Review on Standard Operative Procedure of Yapana Basti Karma

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rishu Sharma ◽  
Dr. Gyanendra Datta Shukla ◽  
Dr. Alok Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Schedule ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Curative Action

Panchakarma therapy is one of the vital branch of Ayurveda, which deals mainly with purification of the provoked Doshas from the body. Basti Chikitsa is regarded as the prime treatment modality among the Panchakarma. It is having not only curative action but also preventive and promotive actions. It is considered as best treatment for Vata Dosha. Yapana Basti is a subtype of Asthapana Basti, which is having the property to support life and promote longevity and widely used in various disorders. Rajayapana Basti is superior amongst all the Yapana Bastis described by Acharya Charaka as it is the king of Yapana. This Rasayana Yapana Basti performs dual function of both Anuvasana and Niruha; hence this is Srotoshodhaka and Brimhana at the sametime. That’s why there is no need to administer separate Anuvasana while giving Yapana Basti. There is an urgent need of standardizing the classical Panchakarma procedures in consideration of the need of today. The dosage schedule, exact procedures, medicaments, effects, and side effects are to be standardized so that uniform procedure of practice should be followed all over nation. Standardization is the need of hour for physicians, to prevent Atiyoga (over activity), Ayoga (less or no activity) and to get adequate effects in a systematic and sophisticated manner within desired time period.

Snapshot of the pharmaceutical promotional literature of Bangladesh: A critical review

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Johora ◽  
Md. Sayedur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Reference Book ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Product Monograph ◽  
Pharmaceutical Promotion ◽  
Online Sources

<p>The present research was conducted to evaluate the quality of pharmaceutical promotional literature. Indications was mentioned in 88.2% promotional literature and less than half (40.0, 33.9 and 38.9%) of these contains side effects, precautions and contraindications respectively. Among the provided information 67.3%, 16.5%, 19.5% and 24.0% matched with the BDNF/BNF respectively. Scientific articles (73.3%) were cited most followed by commercial online sources (15.5%), data on file (4.2%), regulatory body approval data (2.9%), product monograph (2.7%) and textbook/reference book (1.6%). Only half (50.2%) of these cited references were retrievable and no ‘data on file’ could be retrieved. Though most (73.2%) of the promotional claims were true, 13.7, 5.9, 4.6 and 2.6% were identified as false, exaggerated, ambiguous and controversial respectively. This revelation about the quality of promotional literature might an eye opener for the policy makers. More importantly, this may bring alertness among the physicians during interpretation of pharmaceutical promotion literature.</p>

Delirium on clozapine: A tale of friend turned foe-A case report

2020 ◽  
pp. 009121742097282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Das ◽  
Rebecca Minner ◽  
Lewis Krain ◽  
John Spollen
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Life Threatening

Treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is often encountered in clinical practice. Clozapine remains the drug of choice in the management of TRS. Several studies have shown that clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic medication to date for TRS. But it is also well known that it has multiple side effects. Some side effects are transient and relatively benign, while other adverse effects are menacing, serious and life-threatening. Delirium may occur with clozapine and is a therapeutic challenge as there is always a risk of precipitating delirium on clozapine rechallenge. Limited management strategies are available as alternatives for the management of psychiatric illness stabilized on clozapine. In this case report, we describe an older adult patient who developed delirium on clozapine. The aims of this case report are to discuss the mechanism by which clozapine leads to delirium, revisit various factors which could possibly lead to delirium, and discuss the different management strategies available for management of psychiatric illness for a patient previously stabilized on clozapine.

Attitudes toward utility, effects and side effects of treatment for anxiety and depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Lim ◽  
Justine Goh ◽  
Yiong-Huak Chan ◽  
Shi-Hui Poon
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Medical Patients

Objectives: Negative perceptions about psychiatric treatment are likely to affect treatment adherence. We compared attitudes of patients with psychiatric illness and those of medical patients towards psychiatric treatment. Methods: Both patients with psychiatric illness and medical patients (controls) were shown a printed copy of two vignettes depicting major depression and generalized anxiety disorder. They were asked for their perceptions on the utility, effects and possible side effects of psychiatric medications, as well as the utility of psychotherapy in treating major depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Responses between psychiatric patients and medical patients were compared using appropriate statistical tests, including logistic regression. Results: Patients with psychiatric illness were more likely than medical patients to endorse the utility of medications in treating major depression and generalized anxiety disorder ( p<0.001). Those with psychiatric illness were more likely to endorse the utility of psychotherapy in treating major depression ( p=0.004). Both groups of patients were of the view that psychotherapy would benefit generalized anxiety disorder. Older and lesser educated patients held negative beliefs about medications. Conclusions: While patients with psychiatric illnesses endorsed favourable attitudes toward medications ( p<0.001), the older and lesser educated were more likely to hold negative views ( p<0.05). Psychoeducation should be tailored to the needs of older and lesser educated patients.

scholarly journals Osteogenic and angiogenic properties of heparin as a system of biomolecule delivery for bone bioengineering: a brief critical review

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-436
Author(s):  
L.S. Litvinova ◽  
K.A. Yurova ◽  
O.G. Khaziakhmatova ◽  
M.Yu. Khlusova ◽  
V.V. Malashchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Schematic Representation ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
General Data

The review discusses the complex, ambiguous and individual effects of heparin and its derivatives on the bone and circulatory systems, in dependence of the dosage, the state of the cells and tissues of recipients. General data on the anticoagulant activity of heparin and its derivatives are presented; aspects of the effect of heparin on mesenchymal cells and tissues and its role in angiogenesis are considered in details. Particular attention is paid to the ability of heparin to bind osteogenic and angiogenic biomolecules: thus us especially important for the development of systems for their delivery and sustained controlled release. A schematic representation of the positive and side effects of heparin as a delivery system for biomolecules in tissue engineering is proposed.

scholarly journals A CRITICAL REVIEW OF TWAK ACCORDING TO AYURVEDIC COMPENDIA W.S.R. TO PREVENTIVE ASPECTS OF SKIN DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshama Kawale
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Care Product ◽  
Ayurvedic Drugs ◽  
Skin Care Product ◽  
The Way ◽  
At Home

Now a days, people are comparatively much more conscious about their skin care as it’s a compulsory part of their personality building for this purpose people are using a number of products prepared chemically, which ultimately harms their skin cosmeceuticals are one of such product So, it is better to follow the herbal care for the skin, most herbal skin care product don’t have any side effects. Moreover herbal skin care drugs can be easily made at home, hence making them even more attractive, so herbal skin care is the way to go4. Hence, study of Ayurvedic drugs and the preventive aspects which describe skin care in Ayurvedic compendia is necessiated, which will help in curing various skin problems1 .

scholarly journals Side effects of drug treatments for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: current controversies

2020 ◽  
pp. flgastro-2019-101386
Author(s):  
Anjan Dhar ◽  
Frances Maw ◽  
Helen Jane Dallal ◽  
Stephen Attwood
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Oesophageal Reflux ◽  
Oesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Drug Treatments

The two main drugs used in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease are proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists and both these agents have been implicated in a number of adverse effects, leading to considerable controversies related to their long-term use. This paper is aimed at a critical review of the published literature and the clinical significance of these reported side effects, most of which are associations rather than causal.

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