The Daily Rhythm of Plasma Tryptophan and Tyrosine in Depression

1976 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Niskanen ◽  
Matti Huttunen ◽  
Tapani Tamminen ◽  
Juha Jääskeläinen
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Free Tryptophan ◽  
The Times ◽  
Plasma Tyrosine ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Free Plasma ◽  
Tryptophan Level

SummaryThe study dealt with the level of and diurnal alterations in the concentration of tryptophan, free tryptophan and tyrosine in the blood plasma of 20 inhibited depression patients and 10 healthy controls.The results suggested that there was no distinct relationship between either the total plasma tryptophan or plasma tyrosine level and depression. On the other hand, the free plasma tryptophan level was, at all the times of day at which measurements were made, either significantly or almost significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. It was further found that the results of measurement were related to the patients’ clinical improvement, as measured by the Hamilton test, in such a way that after four weeks of treatment the free plasma tryptophan level in ‘poorly improved’ patients continued to be significantly higher in comparison with the controls, whereas the values for the ‘well improved’ patient group did not differ greatly from the corresponding values for the control group any longer.It may be hypothesized that the rise in the free plasma tryptophan in depressive patients might represent an effort made by the peripheral body to compensate for the slowed-up serotonin metabolism of the brain, whereby the tryptophan mobilized from the periphery would serve as a sort of ‘endogenous antidepressant’ provided by the organism itself.

Plasma Glucose, Non-Esterified Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Huntington's Chorea

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. T. Phillipson ◽  
E. D. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Provocation Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Huntington's Chorea ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Free Tryptophan

1. The metabolic responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (100 g) and an intravenous insulin provocation test (0·1 i.u./kg) were studied in nine control subjects and nine patients with Huntington's chorea. 2. Plasma glucose responses to these stimuli were identical in both groups. 3. High fasting concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were recorded in the choreic patients when compared with control subjects. This difference was maintained under hypoglycaemic conditions. However, during hyperglycaemia the differences in NEFA concentrations between the groups was abolished. 4. Total plasma tryptophan concentrations were equal in the two groups. Free plasma tryptophan, however, was markedly reduced in the choreic group, and this appeared to be a result of a disturbed relationship between free tryptophan and NEFA concentrations. The abnormalities in free tryptophan values were sensitive to plasma glucose concentrations, as hyperglycaemic conditions markedly reduced the differences between the choreic and control group. 5. Patients with Huntington's chorea showed reduced fasting plasma concentrations of leucine, isoleucine and valine.

Effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on plasma tryptophan

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Whalley ◽  
C. M. Yates ◽  
J. E. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Albumin Binding ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Free Plasma

SYNOPSISThe concentrations of total and free plasma tryptophan were measured in 12 unipolar depressed patients before and after a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and before and after single ECTs during the course of treatment. Eleven patients undergoing diagnostic cystoscopy served as controls to examine the acute effect of anaesthesia. Total and free plasma tryptophan concentrations in the depressed patients were not significantly different from control values and were not changed by the course of ECT. Free plasma tryptophan varied considerably within individual patients. Total plasma tryptophan was reduced acutely by ECT/anaesthesia in the depressed patients (P < 0·05) and by anaesthesia in the cystoscopy controls (P < 0·01). Free plasma tryptophan was not significantly altered. This reduction in total plasma tryptophan could be secondary to an effect of thiopentone on albumin binding of tryptophan.

scholarly journals The effects of diet, lipolysis and limb ischaemia on the distribution of plasma tryptophan in the rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
H B Stoner ◽  
V J Cunningham ◽  
P M Elson ◽  
A Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Free Tryptophan ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Tryptophan Concentration ◽  
Free Plasma ◽  
Sustained Increase

A non-linear relationship between the plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration and the percentage of free plasma tryptophan was found in rats in different nutritional states, although non-esterified fatty acids are not the only factors determining the percentage of free tryptophan. This relationship was not seen in rats injured by limb ischaemia. The effect of drugs causing rapid increases in the plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration was also studied. Isoprenaline decreased the total plasma tryptophan concentration. Dichloroisoprenaline caused a sustained increase in the plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration which was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of free plasma tryptophan and followed by a fall in the concentration of total tryptophan. The loss of tryptophan from the plasma was attributed to an altered distribution of tryptophan in the extracellular space rather than to increased metabolism. This interpretation was supported by determinations of the irreversible disposal rate of plasma tryptophan which in uninjured rats was unaffected by the concentration of free plasma tryptophan. In the injured rats this rate was unaltered during limb ischaemia but was decreased after removal of the tourniquets; increased competition for tissue entry by other neutral amino acids and the fall in body temperature could be factors in this fall.

Brain serotonin turnover in chronically uremic rats.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (5) ◽  
pp. E526 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Siassi ◽  
M Wang ◽  
J D Kopple ◽  
M E Swendseid
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Free Tryptophan ◽  
Serotonin Turnover ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

Brain serotonin turnover was investigated in chronically uremic and sham-operated pair-fed control rats. Animals were injected ip with 100 mg/kg body wt of pargyline HCl, a nonreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and decapitated 0, 30 and 60 min later. The level of total tryptophan in plasma was decreased, and that of free tryptophan was increased in the uremic group. Uremic and control rats had similar concentrations of tryptophan and serotonin at 0 and 30 min after pargyline administration. However, the brain serotonin concentration was elevated in the uremic group 60 min after pargyline treatment. The brain serotonin turnover rate was higher and serotonin turnover time was lower in the uremic group. These results indicate that uremic stress, in addition to altering plasma tryptophan levels, also affects brain serotonin turnover.

Diurnal variation of total plasma tryptophan in depressive patients

1984 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dam ◽  
E. T. Mellerup ◽  
O. J. Rafaelsen
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Depressive Patients

Effects of Adrenaline Injection on Human Plasma Tryptophan and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gentil ◽  
M. H. Lader ◽  
B. D. Kantamaneni ◽  
G. Curzon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Male Volunteer ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Plasma Phenylalanine ◽  
Free Tryptophan ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Tyrosine ◽  
Adrenaline Injection

1. Subcutaneous injection of adrenaline into normal male volunteer subjects caused large increases of plasma non-esterified fatty acids and free tryptophan, but plasma total tryptophan fell considerably. Therefore increases of the percentage of plasma tryptophan in the free state were more marked than absolute increases of free tryptophan. 2. Plasma tyrosine fell slightly and plasma phenylalanine and cortisol were unaffected. 3. It is suggested that catecholamine release could lead to abnormalities of tryptophan disposition in stress and psychiatric illness.

Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zafer Sahin ◽  
Alpaslan Ozkurkculer ◽  
Omer Faruk Kalkan ◽  
Ahmet Ozkaya ◽  
Aynur Koc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Abstract. Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows ( n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.

Dendrobium officinalis Flower Improves Learning and Reduces Memory Impairment by Mediating Antioxidant Effect and Balancing the Release of Neurotransmitters in Senescent Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Zi Li ◽  
Shan-Shan Lei ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Fu-Chen Zhou ◽  
Ye-Hui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Mao B ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Brain

Aim and Objective: The Dendrobium officinalis flower (DOF) is popular in China due to common belief in its anti-aging properties and positive effects on “nourish yin”. However, there have been relatively few confirmatory pharmacological experiments conducted to date. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether DOF has beneficial effects on learning and memory in senescent rats, and, if so, to determine its potential mechanism of effect. Materials and Methods: SD rats were administrated orally DOF at a dose of 1.38, or 0.46 g/kg once a day for 8 weeks. Two other groups included a healthy untreated control group and a senescent control group. During the 7th week, a Morris water maze test was performed to assess learning and memory. At the end of the experiment, serum and brain samples were collected to measure concentrations of antioxidant enzymes, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GSH-Px) in serum, and the neurotransmitters, including γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-GABA), Glutamic (Glu), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain. Histopathology of the hippocampus was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Results: The results suggested that treatment with DOF improved learning as measured by escape latency, total distance, and target quadrant time, and also increased levels of γ-GABA in the brain. In addition, DOF decreased the levels of MDA, Glu, and MAO-B, and improved SOD and GSHPx. Histopathological analysis showed that DOF also significantly reduced structural lesions and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus relative to untreated senescent rats. Conclusion: DOF alleviated brain aging and improved the spatial learning abilities in senescent rats, potentially by attenuating oxidative stress and thus reducing hippocampal damage and balancing the release of neurotransmitters.

scholarly journals Exercise Ameliorates Spinal Cord Injury by Changing DNA Methylation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Ganchimeg Davaa ◽  
Jin Young Hong ◽  
Tae Uk Kim ◽  
Seong Jae Lee ◽  
Seo Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Brain

Exercise training is a traditional method to maximize remaining function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), but the exact mechanism by which exercise promotes recovery after SCI has not been identified; whether exercise truly has a beneficial effect on SCI also remains unclear. Previously, we showed that epigenetic changes in the brain motor cortex occur after SCI and that a treatment leading to epigenetic modulation effectively promotes functional recovery after SCI. We aimed to determine how exercise induces functional improvement in rats subjected to SCI and whether epigenetic changes are engaged in the effects of exercise. A spinal cord contusion model was established in rats, which were then subjected to treadmill exercise for 12 weeks. We found that the size of the lesion cavity and the number of macrophages were decreased more in the exercise group than in the control group after 12 weeks of injury. Immunofluorescence and DNA dot blot analysis revealed that levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in the brain motor cortex were increased after exercise. Accordingly, the expression of ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family members (Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3) in the brain motor cortex also elevated. However, no macrophage polarization was induced by exercise. Locomotor function, including Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) and ladder scores, also improved in the exercise group compared to the control group. We concluded that treadmill exercise facilitates functional recovery in rats with SCI, and mechanistically epigenetic changes in the brain motor cortex may contribute to exercise-induced improvements.

scholarly journals Genotoxic and oxidative effect of duloxetine on mouse brain and liver tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isela Álvarez-González ◽  
Scarlett Camacho-Cantera ◽  
Patricia Gómez-González ◽  
Michael J. Rendón Barrón ◽  
José A. Morales-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Dna Oxidation ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Oxidative Effect

AbstractWe evaluated the duloxetine DNA damaging capacity utilizing the comet assay applied to mouse brain and liver cells, as well as its DNA, lipid, protein, and nitric oxide oxidative potential in the same cells. A kinetic time/dose strategy showed the effect of 2, 20, and 200 mg/kg of the drug administered intraperitoneally once in comparison with a control and a methyl methanesulfonate group. Each parameter was evaluated at 3, 9, 15, and 21 h postadministration in five mice per group, except for the DNA oxidation that was examined only at 9 h postadministration. Results showed a significant DNA damage mainly at 9 h postexposure in both organs. In the brain, with 20 and 200 mg/kg we found 50 and 80% increase over the control group (p ≤ 0.05), in the liver, the increase of 2, 20, and 200 mg/kg of duloxetine was 50, 80, and 135% in comparison with the control level (p ≤ 0.05). DNA, lipid, protein and nitric oxide oxidation increase was also observed in both organs. Our data established the DNA damaging capacity of duloxetine even with a dose from the therapeutic range (2 mg/kg), and suggest that this effect can be related with its oxidative potential.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document