scholarly journals Neurocognitive impairment in drug-free patients with major depressive disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Porter ◽  
Peter Gallagher ◽  
Jill M. Thompson ◽  
Allan H. Young
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Severity Of Depression

BackgroundAlthough neurocognitive impairment has been widely reported in major depressive disorder (MDD), confounding factors, such as the effects of psychotropic medication, have rarely been controlled for.AimsTo examine neurocognitive function in medication-free patients with MDD and healthy controls.MethodForty-four patients meeting DSM–IV criteria for MDD, all psychotropic-medication-free for at least 6 weeks, and 44 demographically matched, healthy comparison subjects completed a comprehensive neurocognitive battery.ResultsPatients with depression were impaired significantly in a range of cognitive domains, including attention and executive function and visuospatial learning and memory, compared with controls. Motor and psychomotor functions were intact. Severity of depression correlated with learning and memory performance, but not executive function.ConclusionsPronounced neurocognitive impairment was found in this sample of young adult out-patients with MDD. This is not attributable to the confounding effects of psychotropic medication and could therefore provide an objective marker of brain dysfunction in depression.

scholarly journals Does Duloxetine Improve Cognitive Function Independently of Its Antidepressant Effect in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Subjective Reports of Cognitive Dysfunction?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Greer ◽  
Prabha Sunderajan ◽  
Bruce D. Grannemann ◽  
Benji T. Kurian ◽  
Madhukar H. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Response Control

Introduction. Cognitive deficits are commonly reported by patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Duloxetine, a dual serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, may improve cognitive deficits in MDD. It is unclear if cognitive improvements occur independently of antidepressant effects with standard antidepressant medications.Methods. Thirty participants with MDD who endorsed cognitive deficits at screening received 12-week duloxetine treatment. Twenty-one participants completed treatment and baseline and posttreatment cognitive testing. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery was used to assess the following cognitive domains: attention, visual memory, executive function/set shifting and working memory, executive function/spatial planning, decision making and response control, and verbal learning and memory.Results. Completers showed significant cognitive improvements across several domains on tasks assessing psychomotor function and mental processing speed, with additional improvements in visual and verbal learning and memory, and affective decision making and response control. Overall significance tests for executive function tasks were also significant, although individual tasks were not, perhaps due to the small sample size. Most notably, cognitive improvements were observed independently of symptom reduction on all domains except verbal learning and memory.Conclusions. Patients reporting baseline cognitive deficits achieved cognitive improvements with duloxetine treatment, most of which were independent of symptomatic improvement. This trial is registered withNCT00933439.

scholarly journals Predictors of Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Ralte Lalthankimi ◽  
Padmavathi Nagarajan ◽  
Vikas Menon ◽  
Jeby Jose Olickal
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Severity Of Depression

Abstract Objectives Mental disorders have a large impact on death by suicide. Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviors among major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and the associated factors. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among individuals aged 18 to 65 years, diagnosed with MDD in the Psychiatry Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Center, Puducherry during March to October 2019. Severity of depression was assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to find the suicidal behaviors. Results For 166 participants in the study, mean (standard deviation) age was 40 (11) years and majority were females (76%). More than one-third (37%) had severe or very severe depression, and the prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan, and attempts were 83, 24, and 35%, respectively. After adjusting the covariates, the severity of depression and unemployment were significantly associated with suicidal attempts (adjusted prevalence ratios [aPR] = 11.4 and 1.9), and very severe depression was associated with suicidal ideation (aPR = 1.6). Among 140 individuals with suicidal ideation, 45 (32%) had an ideation frequency of 2 to 3 times/week, 69 (50%) had ideation for 1 hour, 36 (26%) could control ideation with little difficulty, and 12% had suicidal ideation mostly to end or stop their pain. Conclusion Suicidal ideation and attempts were significantly high in MDD patients, and the severity of depression was significantly associated with it. Early identification of high-risk suicidal behavior and implementation of effective preventive interventions are necessary to reduce death by suicide in these groups.

scholarly journals Impact of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on Theory of Mind and Executive Function in Major Depressive Disorder and Its Correlation with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Jie Tong ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Ying Jin ◽  
Weiqing Liu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Perseverative Errors

Background: Studies have implicated hypofrontality in the pathogenesis of impaired theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF) in major depressive disorder (MDD). These symptoms are usually resistant to treatment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to reverse hypofrontality. Moreover, BDNF is an effective biomarker of antidepressant effects, but there have been very few studies on the correlation between BDNF and rTMS. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 20 sessions of a 10 Hz unilateral rTMS intervention over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in improving ToM and EF in patients with MDD and its correlation with BDNF. Methods: A total of 120 MDD patients were enrolled in this randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial. Each participant received 20 sessions of rTMS at 10 Hz frequency through the active or the sham coil over 4 weeks. ToM was assessed with the facial emotion identification test (FEIT) and hinting task (HT). EF was assessed with the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST). BDNF assessments were carried out at baseline and 2-, 4-, 12-, and 24-week follow-ups. Results: The improvement in the ToM (FEIT, HT) in the active rTMS group was significantly different from that in the sham rTMS group (F = 18.09, p < 0.001; F = 5.02, p = 0.026). There were significant differences in the WCST (categories completed, response errors, response perseverative errors, non-response perseverative errors) after logarithmic transformation at different time points in the active rTMS group (F = 14.71, p < 0.001; F = 5.99, p = 0.046; F = 8.90, p = 0.031; F = 2.31, p = 0.048). However, there was no significant difference in log transformed BDNF concentration between the two groups (t = 0.07 to t = 1.29, p > 0.05). BDNF was negatively correlated with WCST categories completed at the 24th week (r = −0.258, p = 0.046). Conclusions: The results show that rTMS may improve the ToM and EF of patients with MDD and there was no significant correlation with serum BDNF concentration. RTMS can not only be used for treatment of patients with MDD but also has a positive effect on ToM and EF.

scholarly journals Hand gesture performance is impaired in major depressive disorder: a matter of working memory performance?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Pavlidou ◽  
Petra V. Viher ◽  
Hanta Bachofner ◽  
Florian Weiss ◽  
Katharina Stegmayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Hand Gesture ◽  
Major Depressive

Omega-3 as an adjunctive therapy of sertraline and venlafaxine substantially improves symptoms of major depressive disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahadifard Moghaddam ◽  
Malihe Farid ◽  
Mahboobeh Mehrabani Natanzi ◽  
Zohre Khodaii ◽  
Rahim Badrfam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Severity Of Depression

Background: Due to the possible effect of omega-3 fatty acids on reducing depressive symptoms, in this study, we investigated these effects in combination with other antidepressants. Methods: The study was a double-blind clinical trial on 100 patients with major depressive disorder who were divided into four groups of 25 each and treated with 50 mg daily sertraline plus placebo, 50 mg daily sertraline plus two grams Omega 3 daily, 75 mg daily venlafaxine plus placebo, and 75 mg daily venlafaxine plus 2 g Omega 3 daily for 6 weeks. Results: The mean Hamilton depression rating score of sertraline and venlafaxine plus omega-3 after treatment were 4.42 and 4.23 respectively versus sertraline and venlafaxine plus placebo 14.4 and 14.2 respectively (P value=0.0001). Conclusion: Omega-3 enhanced the clinical function of sertraline and venlafaxine to reduce the severity of depression. Adding omega-3 to either sertraline or venlafaxine does not have a comparative advantage over each other in terms of the improvement of severity of depressive symptoms. Trial registration : number is IRCT20190302042885N1.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive impairment in adolescent major depressive disorder: State vs. trait illness markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi T. Maalouf ◽  
David Brent ◽  
Luke Clark ◽  
Lucy Tavitian ◽  
Rebecca Munnell McHugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Major Depressive

Cognitive Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder in Primary Care

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Teasdale ◽  
Melanie J. V. Fennell ◽  
George A. Hibbert ◽  
Peter L Amies
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Severity Of Depression

SummaryCognitive therapy for depression is a psychological treatment designed to train patients to identify and correct the negative depressive thinking which, it has been hypothesised, contributes to the maintenance of depression. General practice patients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for primary major depressive disorder were randomly allocated either to continue with the treatment they would normally receive (which in the majority of cases included antidepressant medication) or to receive, in addition, sessions of cognitive therapy. At completion of treatment, patients receiving cognitive therapy were significantly less depressed than the comparison group, both on blind ratings of symptom severity made by psychiatric assessors and on a self-report measure of severity of depression. At three-month follow-up cognitive therapy patients no longer differed from patients receiving treatment-as-usual, but this was mainly as a result of continuing improvement in the comparison group.

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