scholarly journals Relationship between antidepressant sales and secular trends in suicide rates in the Nordic countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Reseland ◽  
Isabelle Bray ◽  
David Gunnell
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe effect of recent increases in antidepressant prescribing on population suicide rates is uncertain.AimsTo investigate the relationship between antidepressant sales and trends in suicide rates.MethodGraphical and quantitative assessment of trends in suicide and antidepressant sales in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland.ResultsSuicide rates declined in all four countries during the 1990s, whereas antidepressant sales increased by 3- to 4-fold. Decreasing suicide rates in Sweden and Denmark preceded the rise in anti-depressant sales by over 10 years, although the reductions accelerated between 1988 and 1990. In Norway, a modest but short-lived decline in suicide rates began around the time of the increase in antidepressant sales. In Finland, decreases in male suicide rates and to a lesser extent in female suicide rates began around the time of increased antidepressant sales. In all four countries decreases in suicide rates appeared to precede the widespread use of SSRIs.ConclusionsWe found mixed evidence that increases in antidepressant sales have coincided with a reduction in the number of suicides in Nordic countries.

Sweden: Income and Suicide

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Magnusson ◽  
Ilkka Henrik Mäkinen
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ols Regression ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
The Relationship

-Previous publications have reported two conflicting patterns describing the relationship between income and suicide in Sweden; positive and negative. Methodologically the studies have differed, and the analysis has been limited to a few areas. To better understand the relationship, a nationwide, cross-sectional, ecological study of the 290 municipalities in Sweden was planned. OLS regression analyses showed the overall and female suicide rates were negatively related to income, while the effect on male suicide rates was not statistically significant. The results confirm earlier findings of a negative relationship between income and suicide.

Age, labour market conditions and male suicide rates in selected countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between suicide rates among men since 1975 and rates of unemployment and labour force participation in 20 countries. Previous research has found statistically significant correlations between suicide and unemployment rates over time among young people in a number of countries. This study has extended this research to include different age groups of men. The findings for younger workers largely confirm the findings of previous studies. Among older workers, however, unemployment and suicide rates are largely unrelated, notable exceptions including Japan and the USA. The implications of this finding for policy making towards older workers are discussed.

scholarly journals Suicide Rates, Social Capital, and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in Japan: An Ecological Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4942
Author(s):  
Tsuneo Nakamura ◽  
Taishi Tsuji ◽  
Yuiko Nagamine ◽  
Kazushige Ide ◽  
Seungwon Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Older Males

Depression is considered the primary risk factor for older people’s suicide. When considering suicide measures, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between depressive symptoms, social capital, and suicide rates. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the relationship between community-level social capital, depressive symptoms, and suicide rates among older people in Japan. We analyzed the data gathered from 63,026 men and 72,268 women aged 65 years and older, totaling 135,294 subjects in 81 municipalities with a population of over 100,000 participants in the 2013 Sixth Long-Term Care Needs Survey and another survey conducted by Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) in 2013 including the same question items as the survey in Japan. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the male suicide standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (B = 2.318, p = 0.002), and received emotional support (B = −2.622, p = 0.014) had a negative correlation with the male suicide SMR. In older males particularly, the received emotional support in the community was independently associated with the suicide rate. Therefore, fostering social support in a community could act as a countermeasure to suicide among older males in Japan.

Economic and Social Correlates of Suicide in Caribbean Nations

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijou Yang ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Gross National Product ◽  
National Product ◽  
Social Correlates ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the 1970s, it was observed that the gross national product per capita was positively associated with male suicide rates in the Caribbean islands, with sociological variables playing a smaller role. In contrast, sociological variables played the more important role in the associations with female suicide rates.

scholarly journals Gender difference in suicide in Taiwan over a century: a time trend analysis in 1905–1940 and 1959–2012

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214058
Author(s):  
Yi-Han Chang ◽  
David Gunnell ◽  
Chia-Yueh Hsu ◽  
Shu-Sen Chang ◽  
Andrew Tai-Ann Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Male To Female

BackgroundSuicide rates are higher in men than in women in most countries, although the gender ratios vary markedly worldwide. We investigated long-term trends in suicide rates and the male-to-female ratios in relation to age, method and economic factors in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial (1905–1940) and postwar (1959–2012) periods.MethodsSuicide data were from the Statistical Reports of Taiwan Governor’s Office (1905–1940), Vital Statistics (1959–1970) and cause-of-death mortality data files (1971–2012). Annual age-standardised and age-specific/method-specific suicide rates by gender and the gender ratios were calculated and examined graphically. The associations between trends in economic indicators, suicide and suicide gender ratio were investigated using Prais-Winsten regression.ResultsThe male-to-female suicide rate ratio increased from below 1 in the 1900s to around 2 by 2000; the reversal was mainly due to a marked reduction in suicide rates in young women coupled with a rise in male suicide between 1905 and 1940. The gender ratio increased again from the 1980s onwards. Poisoning was the most common method in the 1970s–1980s, but its use decreased afterwards, more in women than in men proportionally. The use of gassing for suicide increased markedly in the 2000s and contributed to the rises in overall suicide and the gender ratio. Unemployment rates were more strongly associated with male suicide than female suicide in 1959–2012. Unemployment rates and gross domestic product per capita were positively associated with suicide gender ratios.ConclusionsGender differences in suicide changed remarkably in Taiwan over the past century; such change may be related to cultural, socioeconomic and method-specific factors.

Suicide and Wealth in Sweden: Comment on Ferrada-Noli

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester ◽  
Ann-Christine Savlid
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Per Capita

In an ecological study of the 24 counties of Sweden, the total and male suicide rates were not significantly associated with the average income per capita, while the correlation between female suicide rates and income was significant.

scholarly journals Suicide is Impacted by Culture: Gender Suicide Rates

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saxby Pridmore ◽  
Saxby Pridmore ◽  
William Pridmore
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Female Suicide Rate ◽  
The Stability

Objective: Over the last century mental disorder has been promoted as the universal suicide trigger. This view has been discredited and other triggers are being considered. The aim is to determine whether different regions have sustained different suicide rates for the genders male and female. In the affirmative case, as gender roles are culturally determined, an impact of culture on suicidal behaviour would be confirmed. Method: The WHO Suicide Rates data by country (2016) was examined over a 17-year period. This was examined for details of countries which had demonstrated higher female than male suicide. 6 were located and an additional 6 countries were selected with similar total suicide rates and a higher male than female suicide rate. The stability of higher female or male suicide rates was explored. Results: The 6 countries with higher female suicide rates continued this pattern of behaviour over 17 years – and the countries with higher male suicide rates also continued the established pattern. Conclusions: The persistence of different gender suicide rates in 12 countries over 17 years confirmed that culture can strongly impact suicidal behaviour.

Suicide in England and Wales and in Scotland

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain K. Crombie
Keyword(s):  
Clear Trend ◽  
Drug Poisoning ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Car Exhaust

The suicide rates in England and Wales and Scotland converged during the late 1960s, and from 1970 were higher in Scotland. The convergence occurred because of differences in the falls in rates of those aged over 45 years and not because of differences in frequency and decline of coal gas suicide. Male suicide increased more rapidly in Scotland during the 1970s. In England and Wales overall female suicide rates fell during 1958–76 whereas in Scotland there was no clear trend. Suicide by car exhaust increased similarly in both countries, but that by hanging and drug poisoning increased more rapidly in Scotland.

Recent Declines in Australian Male Suicide are Real, not Artefactual

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Page ◽  
Richard Taylor ◽  
Graham Martin
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
External Causes

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to clarify the extent to which the recorded marked decline in young male suicide (20–34 years) in Australia since 1998 is attributable to misclassification of cause of death information. Methods: Secular trends in young male suicide rates were investigated for the period 1976–2005. Suicide rates in the period after the peak of the epidemic in this age group (1998) were re-calculated based on published estimates of under-enumeration of suicide data, and misclassification of likely suicide cases to other unintentional and undetermined external causes. Two misclassification scenarios were used to revise young male suicide rates from 1998: previously reported estimates of 9% under-enumeration due to misclassification of unintentional causes of death, and 17% under-enumeration due to misclassification of open cases in addition to unintentional causes of death. All-cause mortality was also examined. Results: Recorded male suicide in the 20–34 year age group increased over the study period, peaking in 1998 at 39 per 100 000, before declining sharply in the period 1999–2005 by 44% to 22 per 100 000 in 2005. Following adjustment for misallocation under the first scenario, suicide rates declined 38% to 24 per 100 000, and under the second scenario declined 33% to 26 per 100 000. Revised suicide rates were not materially different from recorded suicide rates based on 95% confidence intervals over this period. All-cause mortality declined from 1999 due to reductions in suicide and other causes. Conclusion: The recent marked decline in young male suicide in Australia is real. The effects of misallocation of likely suicide cases to other causes did not substantially affect population trends in suicide rates in the period after 1998. There is still a need to account in detail for why young male suicide has declined so substantially during the period after 1998.

Suicide in paradise: aftermath of the Bali bombings

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1317-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Suryani ◽  
A. Page ◽  
C. B. J. Lesmana ◽  
M. Jennaway ◽  
I. D. G. Basudewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Collective Guilt ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between the Bali (Indonesia) bombings of October 2002 and suicide has not previously been investigated, despite anecdotal evidence of the economic and psychological consequences of these attacks.MethodSuicide rates were calculated over the period 1994–2006 in three Bali regencies to determine whether suicide increased in the period following the first Bali bombings. Poisson regression and time-series models were used to assess the change in suicide rates by sex, age and area in the periods before and after October 2002.ResultsSuicide rates (age-adjusted) increased in males from an average of 2.84 (per 100 000) in the period pre-2002 to 8.10 in the period post-2002, and for females from 1.51 to 3.68. The greatest increases in suicide in the post-2002 period were in the age groups 20–29 and ⩾60 years, for both males and females. Tourist arrivals fell significantly after the bombings, and addition of tourism to models reduced relative risk estimates of suicide, suggesting that some of the increase may be attributable to the socio-economic effects of declines in tourism.ConclusionsThere was an almost fourfold increase in male suicide risk and a threefold increase in female suicide risk in the period following the 2002 bombings in Bali. Trends in tourism did not account for most of the observed increases. Other factors such as indirect socio-economic effects and Balinese notions of collective guilt and anxieties relating to ritual neglect are important in understanding the rise in suicide in the post-2002 period.

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