scholarly journals Previous prenatal loss as a predictor of perinatal depression and anxiety

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Robertson Blackmore ◽  
Denise Côté-Arsenault ◽  
Wan Tang ◽  
Vivette Glover ◽  
Jonathan Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Child ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Obstetric Factors ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundPrenatal loss, the death of a fetus/child through miscarriage or stillbirth, is associated with significant depression and anxiety, particularly in a subsequent pregnancy.AimsThis study examined the degree to which symptoms of depression and anxiety associated with a previous loss persisted following a subsequent successful pregnancy.MethodData were derived from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort, a longitudinal cohort study in the west of England that has followed mothers from pregnancy into the postnatal period. A total of 13 133 mothers reported on the number and conditions of previous perinatal losses and provided self-report measures of depression and anxiety at 18 and 32 weeks' gestation and at 8 weeks and 8, 21 and 33 months postnatally. Controls for pregnancy outcome and obstetric and psychosocial factors were included.ResultsGeneralised estimating equations indicated that the number of previous miscarriages/stillbirths significantly predicted symptoms of depression (β = 0.18, s.e. = 0.07,P<0.01) and anxiety (β = 0.14, s.e. = 0.05,P<0.01) in a subsequent pregnancy, independent of key psychosocial and obstetric factors. This association remained constant across the pre- and postnatal period, indicating that the impact of a previous prenatal loss did not diminish significantly following the birth of a healthy child.ConclusionsDepression and anxiety associated with a previous prenatal loss shows a persisting pattern that continues after the birth of a subsequent (healthy) child. Interventions targeting women with previous prenatal loss may improve the health outcomes of women and their children.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Adolescent Mental Health: Preliminary Findings From a Longitudinal Sample of Healthy and At-Risk Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsofia P. Cohen ◽  
Kelly T. Cosgrove ◽  
Danielle C. DeVille ◽  
Elisabeth Akeman ◽  
Manpreet K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Risk Adolescents

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought on far-reaching consequences for adolescents. Adolescents with early life stress (ELS) may be at particular risk. We sought to examine how COVID-19 impacted psychological functioning in a sample of healthy and ELS-exposed adolescents during the pandemic.Methods: A total of 24 adolescents (15 healthy, nine ELS) completed self-report measures prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The effect of COVID-19 on symptoms of depression and anxiety were explored using linear mixed-effect analyses.Results: With the onset of the pandemic, healthy but not ELS-exposed adolescents evidenced increased symptoms of depression and anxiety (ps &lt; 0.05). Coping by talking with friends and prioritizing sleep had a protective effect against anxiety for healthy adolescents (t = −3.76, p = 0.002).Conclusions: On average, this study demonstrated large increases in depression and anxiety in adolescents who were healthy prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, while ELS-exposed adolescents evidenced high but stable symptoms over time.

scholarly journals The impact of perceived control on psychological distress and health behavior adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Kalon R. Eways ◽  
Kymberley K. Bennett ◽  
Kadie M. Harry ◽  
Jillian M.R. Clark ◽  
Elizabeth J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Symptoms of depression and anxiety have been shown to negatively impact physical health outcomes among individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, an important step in developing interventions to reduce risk for cardiac event recurrence is to identify the emotional and cognitive predictors of psychological distress. This study examined one possible cognitive predictor: perceived control (PC). Specifically, this study tested whether symptoms of depression and anxiety mediate the relationship between PC and adherence to health behavior recommendations in patients participating in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program.Methods: Self-report measures were administered to 146 CR patients at the beginning of CR and 12-weeks later, at the end of CR.Results: Anxiety and depressive symptoms did not mediate the relationship between PC and health behavior adherence. Rather, PC was cross-sectionally related to symptoms of psychological distress, and it predicted health behavior adherence 12-weeks later.Conclusions: Results imply that PC has long-term effects on health behavior adherence, an important outcome in CR that reduces risk for recurrence.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on adolescent mental health: Preliminary findings from a longitudinal sample of healthy and at-risk adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsofia Cohen ◽  
Kelly T. Cosgrove ◽  
Danielle DeVille ◽  
Elisabeth Akeman ◽  
Manpreet K Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Risk Adolescents

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought on far-reaching consequences for adolescents. Adolescents with early life stress (ELS) may be at particular risk. We sought to examine how COVID-19 impacted psychological functioning in a preliminary sample of healthy and ELS-exposed adolescents. A total of 24 adolescents (15 healthy, 9 ELS) completed self-report measures prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The effect of COVID-19 on symptoms of depression and anxiety were explored using linear mixed effects analyses. With the onset of the pandemic, healthy but not ELS-exposed adolescents evidenced increased symptoms of depression and anxiety (ps&lt;.05). Coping by talking with friends and prioritizing sleep had a protective effect against anxiety for healthy adolescents (t=-3.76, p=.002). On average, this study demonstrated large increases in depression and anxiety in adolescents who were healthy prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, while ELS-exposed adolescents evidenced high but stable symptoms over time.

scholarly journals THE EARLY BIRD GETS THE WORM, NOT ANXIETY OR DEPRESSION: HOW INSOMNIA SYMPTOMS PREDICT ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S45-S45
Author(s):  
Courtney J Bolstad ◽  
Anisha L Thomas ◽  
Michael R Nadorff
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Early Bird ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Symptoms of insomnia are associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults, yet less is known about the impact of specific forms of insomnia (i.e. onset, maintenance, and terminal insomnia). We explored how insomnia type predicted symptoms of anxiety and depression in older adults (n = 133; mean age 69, range 65-89). We hypothesized that onset and maintenance insomnia would have stronger relations to depression and anxiety than terminal insomnia. Regression analyses indicated that onset insomnia was the only significant predictor of anxiety symptoms, and maintenance was the only significant predictor of depressive symptoms. Thus, our findings suggest that despite overlap between depression and anxiety, insomnia may have different mechanisms of affecting each disorder. Implications for the treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms by addressing insomnia problems will be discussed.

scholarly journals Four-Week Fermented Dairy Beverage Consumption Impacts Gut Microbiota and Improves Relational Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1194-1194
Author(s):  
Corinne Cannavale ◽  
Annemarie Krug ◽  
Hannah Holscher ◽  
Naiman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Relational Memory ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Fermented Dairy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Abstract Objectives Converging evidence suggests probiotic supplementation can reduce cognitive and metabolic concerns for persons with gastrointestinal disorders. However, in healthy populations the impact of probiotics on these outcomes is lacking. Thus, we aimed to determine whether symptoms of depression and anxiety, memory function, cortisol concentrations, and gut microbiota composition are altered by consumption of a fermented dairy beverage containing probiotic microorganisms in healthy adults. Methods Adults (25–45 yrs, N = 26) free of physician diagnosed gastrointestinal and mental illness were enrolled in a single-blind, randomized crossover trial. Participants completed testing prior to and after 4-week consumption, with a 2–4 week washout between treatments of kefir, a dairy-based fermented beverage containing 25–30 billion colony forming units of live and active kefir cultures (including 3 Bifidobacterium spp., 6 Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus Diacetylacti., Luconostoc Cremoris, and Staccharomyces Florentinus) or isocaloric, non-fermented dairy-based control beverage. Hippocampal-dependent relational memory was assessed using a spatial reconstruction task. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the depression anxiety and stress subscale (DASS). Pooled 24-hour urine samples were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine urinary-free cortisol (UFC) concentrations. Fecal microbiota composition was assessed using 16 s rDNA sequencing. Results Post-test logistic regression analysis revealed an increase in the number of participants with Lactobacillus spp. present (b = 3.00, P &lt; 0.01) after consumption of kefir. Two-by-two repeated measure ANOVA displayed that the treatment improved performance on two metrics of relational memory (F[1, 25] = 4.54, P = 0.043, F[1, 25] = 5.50, P = 0.027). UFC and DASS scores were not significantly changed by either arm of the intervention. Conclusions These results reveal that kefir consumption increases the presence of probiotic microorganisms in the gut and improves relational memory in healthy adults. The impact of fermented dairy beverages containing probiotic microorganisms in healthy populations should be studied at a larger scale to better elucidate these outcomes. Funding Sources USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

The Friedrich-Lively Instrument to Assess the Impact of Schizophrenia on Siblings (FLIISS)©: Part I—Instrument Construction

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Marie Friedrich ◽  
Sonja Lively ◽  
Linda Rubenstein ◽  
Kathleen Buckwalter
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Instrument Construction ◽  
Pilot Work ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia ◽  
The Impact

Siblings of persons with schizophrenia may provide primary or secondary care for their sibling and support to parents who are primary care givers. These siblings experience stress and the accompanying sequelae of decreased quality of life, grief, chronic illness, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Comprehensive measures of sibling stress have not been published. Before interventions to help siblings can be created, health professionals need such an assessment. The Friedrich-Lively Instrument to Assess the Impact of Schizophrenia on Siblings (FLIISS) has been developed to meet the needs of both health workers and siblings. The instrument has a strong conceptual basis adapted from Pearlin’s model of stress in caregiving and was preceded by pilot work that evaluated both quantitative and qualitative data. In this article, (Part I), the development of the instrument and its relationships to the conceptual model are described. Health professionals can use the instrument for collecting information that will increase their ability to identify sources of stress faced by siblings of persons with schizophrenia, and from this assessment they may develop interventions for this underserved population.

scholarly journals Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in two longitudinal UK population cohorts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex S. F. Kwong ◽  
Rebecca M. Pearson ◽  
Mark J. Adams ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Kate Tilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
University Of Bristol ◽  
The Impact

SummaryBackgroundThe impact of COVID-19 on mental health is unclear. Evidence from longitudinal studies with pre pandemic data are needed to address (1) how mental health has changed from pre-pandemic levels to during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2), whether there are groups at greater risk of poorer mental health during the pandemic?MethodsWe used data from COVID-19 surveys (completed through April/May 2020), nested within two large longitudinal population cohorts with harmonised measures of mental health: two generations of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALPSAC): the index generation ALSPAC-G1 (n= 2850, mean age 28) and the parent’s generation ALSPAC-G0 (n= 3720, mean age = 59) and Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS, (n= 4233, mean age = 59), both with validated pre-pandemic measures of mental health and baseline factors. To answer question 1, we used ALSPAC-G1, which has identical mental health measures before and during the pandemic. Question 2 was addressed using both studies, using pre-pandemic and COVID-19 specific factors to explore associations with depression and anxiety in COVID-19.FindingsIn ALSPAC-G1 there was evidence that anxiety and lower wellbeing, but not depression, had increased in COVID-19 from pre-pandemic assessments. The percentage of individuals with probable anxiety disorder was almost double during COVID-19: 24% (95% CI 23%, 26%) compared to pre-pandemic levels (13%, 95% CI 12%, 14%), with clinically relevant effect sizes. In both ALSPAC and GS, depression and anxiety were greater in younger populations, women, those with pre-existing mental and physical health conditions, those living alone and in socio-economic adversity. We did not detect evidence for elevated risk in key workers or health care workers.InterpretationThese results suggest increases in anxiety and lower wellbeing that may be related to the COVID-19 pandemic and/or its management, particularly in young people. This research highlights that specific groups may be disproportionally at risk of elevated levels of depression and anxiety during COVID-19 and supports recent calls for increasing funds for mental health services.FundingThe UK Medical Research Council (MRC), the Wellcome Trust and University of Bristol.

scholarly journals The impact of cycle proficiency training on cycle-related behaviours and accidents in adolescence: findings from ALSPAC, a UK longitudinal cohort

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Teyhan ◽  
Rosie Cornish ◽  
Andy Boyd ◽  
Mary Sissons Joshi ◽  
John Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Cycle Training ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Minor Cycle ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT ObjectivesIn the UK, some children undertake National Cycle Proficiency Scheme [NCPS]/Bikeability training in primary school. It aims to promote cycling and safe cycling behaviours but there has been little scientific evaluation of its effectiveness. We aimed to examine the impact of cycle training on cycle-related behaviours and accidents in adolescence using self-report and hospital episode statistics (HES) data. ApproachThe sample (n=5415) were participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children who reported whether or not they had received NCPS training. Self-reported outcomes at 14 and 16 years included: cycling to school, ownership of cycle helmet, use of cycle helmet and high-visibility clothing on last cycle, and involvement in a cycle accident. Hospital admittance due to a cycle accident from 11-16 years was also included for a subsample (n=2222) who have been linked to HES. The association between cycle training and each of the outcomes was analysed using multilevel logistic regression (individual level 1, school level 2 [pseudo-ID of school attended obtained from linkage to National Pupil Database]), adjusted for a range of potential confounders. ResultsApproximately 40% had received NCPS training. At 14 and 16 years, trained children were more likely to cycle to school (at 16 years: adjusted OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.20-2.02) and to own a helmet (16 years: 2.03, 1.72-2.41) than those who had not attended a course. They were also more likely to have worn a helmet on their last cycle at age 14 (1.26, 1.07-1.49), and to have worn high-visibility clothing at age 16 (1.70, 1.22-2.39). Training was not associated with self-reported involvement in a cycle accident, and only six participants with HES data had been admitted to hospital due to a cycle accident. Irrespective of training, results indicate very low use of high-visibility clothing (5%), very few girls cycling to school (<2%), and less than half of helmet owners wearing one on their last cycle. Ownership and use of helmets was particularly low in children from lower socio-economic position families. ConclusionCycle training for children can have benefits that persist into adolescence. However, the low use of cycle helmets and high-visibility clothing indicate the further potential for interventions to encourage safe cycling behaviours in young people. Our hospital admissions outcome only captures individuals who sustained serious injuries; more minor cycle injuries would have been treated in A&E but a lack of detail in admission codes precludes analysis of such data.

Perinatal parental mental health problems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivette Glover ◽  
Rebecca Reynolds ◽  
Nick Axford ◽  
Jane Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Parental Mental Health ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Paternal Anxiety ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Problems

The effect of the environment on a child’s development starts in the womb. Many studies have shown that if the mother is stressed, anxious, or depressed during pregnancy, this increases the risk of a range of physical and neurodevelopmental problems for the child, even after allowing for relevant confounders. There is also strong evidence concerning the impact of both maternal and paternal anxiety and depression on parent–infant interaction in the postnatal period. Although there is good evidence for interventions that reduce depression and anxiety during the perinatal period for women, less is currently known about effective interventions for men or effective methods of prevention more generally. Overall, the evidence points to the importance of starting interventions in pregnancy.

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