scholarly journals Specificity proteins 1 and 4, hippocampal volume and first-episode psychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Fusté ◽  
Iria Meléndez-Pérez ◽  
Victoria Villalta-Gil ◽  
Raquel Pinacho ◽  
Núria Villalmanzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Specificity Protein 1 ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Morphometry Analysis ◽  
Specificity Protein

SummaryWe assessed specificity protein 1 (SP1) and 4 (SP4) transcription factor levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and conducted a voxel-based morphometry analysis on brain structural magnetic resonance images from 11 patients with first-episode psychosis and 14 healthy controls. We found lower SP1 and SP4 levels in patients, which correlated positively with right hippocampal volume. These results extend previous evidence showing that such transcription factors may constitute a molecular pathway to the development of psychosis.

scholarly journals Expression and Functionality Study of 9 Toll-Like Receptors in 33 Drug-Naïve Non-Affective First Episode Psychosis Individuals: A 3-Month Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6106
Author(s):  
Maria Juncal-Ruiz ◽  
Laura Riesco-Davila ◽  
Javier Vazquez-Bourgon ◽  
Victor Ortiz-Garcia de la Foz ◽  
Jacqueline Mayoral-Van Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Drug Naïve

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a pivotal component of the innate immune system that seem to have a role in the pathogenesis of psychosis. The purpose of this work was to compare the expression and functionality of 9 TLRs in three peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (monocytes, B cells, and T cells) between 33 drug-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) individuals and 26 healthy volunteers, at baseline and after 3-month of antipsychotic treatment. The expression of TLRs 1–9 were assessed by flow cytometry. For the assessment of the TLR functionality, cells collected in sodium heparin tubes were polyclonally stimulated for 18 h, with different agonists for human TLR1–9. The results of our study highlight the role that TLR5 and TLR8 might play in the pathophysiology of psychosis. We found a lower expression of these receptors in FEP individuals, regarding healthy volunteers at baseline and after 3-month of treatment on the three PBMCs subsets. Most TLRs showed a lower functionality (especially reduced intracellular levels of TNF-α) in patients than in healthy volunteers. These results, together with previous evidence, suggest that individuals with psychosis might show a pattern of TLR expression that differs from that of healthy volunteers, which could vary according to the intensity of immune/inflammatory response.

Brain structural abnormalities in first episode psychosis: A multimodal analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 950-950
Author(s):  
S. Rigucci ◽  
A. Comparelli ◽  
A. De Carolis ◽  
M.C. Rossi-Espagnet ◽  
E. Ambrosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Episode Psychosis

IntroductionWhite matter abnormalities play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies showed a widespread decrease in fractional anisotropy (FA) in psychotic disorders.AimsTo examine white and grey matter abnormalities in first episode psychosis (FEP).MethodsWe obtained T1-weighted and DTI magnetic resonance images (1.5 T) from 8 right-handed drug-naïve FEP patients and 8 healthy controls. The DTI data set was used to calculate FA maps; we carried-out optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis of grey matter (GM) and FA maps using SPM2.Patients were assessed with a neuropsychological battery comprising the Trail Making Test, the Stroop Colour Word Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and a test of Facial Affect recognition.ResultsThe voxelwise analysis showed decreased FA in the superior longitudinal and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi, bilaterally, and in the left uncinate fasciculus. We observed reduced GM volume in the left frontal cortex (Brodmann areas [BA] 47, 13, 11, 10, and 9) and in right frontal (BA6), temporal (BA34) and occipital (BA 18, 19, and 30) cortex.Neuropsychological assessment showed impaired executive function and deficit in facial affect recognition.ConclusionOur findings showed fronto-temporal disconnectivity in FEP and structural alterations in both cortical and subcortical regions.Neuroanatomical findings are consistent with patients’ neuropsychological performance.Further studies to establish a relationship between white and grey matter disarray on one hand and neuropsychological testing are needed.

Hippocampal volume and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism in first episode psychosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey N. Smith ◽  
Allen E. Thornton ◽  
Donna J. Lang ◽  
G. William MacEwan ◽  
Thomas S. Ehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Higher cortisol levels are associated with smaller left hippocampal volume in first-episode psychosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 119 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Mondelli ◽  
Carmine M. Pariante ◽  
Serena Navari ◽  
Monica Aas ◽  
Alessandro D'Albenzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Cortisol Levels

scholarly journals Third ventricle enlargement and developmental delay in first-episode psychosis: preliminary findings

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Fannon ◽  
Lakshika Tennakoon ◽  
Alex Sumich ◽  
Seamus O'Ceallaigh ◽  
Victor Doku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Specific Finding

BackgroundThird rather than lateral ventriculomegaly may be a more specific finding in psychosis. The relevance of ventricular abnormality remains unclear.AimsTo investigate the developmental correlates of ventricular enlargement.MethodInformation on childhood development and magnetic resonance images in 1.5-mm contiguous sections were collected on 21 patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis.ResultsPatients (n=21) had significantly less whole brain volume and enlarged third and lateral ventricles compared to controls (n=25). Third ventricle (r=0.48, P < 0.03) and lateral ventricle (r=0.65, P < 0.01) volumes correlated with developmental score. Patients with developmental delay had significantly larger third and lateral ventricles than those without.ConclusionsEnlargement of both third and lateral ventricles is found in first-episode psychosis and is related to developmental delay in childhood. Insult to periventricular areas is relevant to the neurobiology of the disease. These findings support the view that schizophrenia involves disturbance of neurodevelopmental processes in some patients.

scholarly journals S151. HIPPOCAMPAL CONNECTIVITY AND VOLUME AS PREDICTORS OF TREATMENT RESPONSE – A REPLICATION STUDY IN TWO PSYCHOSIS COHORTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S93-S94
Author(s):  
Eric Nelson ◽  
Nina Kraguljac ◽  
Jose Maximo ◽  
William Armstrong ◽  
Adrienne Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Hippocampal Dysfunction ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Head Coil ◽  
T2 Weighted Images

Abstract Background Approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia do not improve with antipsychotic drug (APD) treatment and 60% show sub-optimal response. Converging lines of evidence point to hippocampal dysfunction in schizophrenia. It is thought that hippocampal dysfunction spreads across hippocampal subfields and to cortical regions by way of long-range efferent projections. Our prior studies have shown altered hippocampal regional cerebral blood flow in unmedicated patients and normalization after APD treatment. Meta-analyses show reduced hippocampal volume in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients. We evaluated resting state hippocampal functional connectivity (hFC) as well as hippocampal and hippocampal subfield volumes as predictors of treatment response (TR) in two cohorts of patients with a psychosis spectrum disorder. All patients were subsequently treated with an APD for 6 weeks. Methods Cohort 1 consisted of 55 medication-naïve first episode psychosis (FEP) subjects (36 male; mean age 24.18 years). Cohort 2 consisted of 42 unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (SZ) (31 male; mean age 27.9 years). FEP were scanned on a Siemens MAGNETOM Prisma MRI scanner using a 20 channel head coil. Anatomical scans were acquired via T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. Two 6-minute resting state scans were acquired in opposing phase encoding directions (A &gt; P and P &gt; A). SZ were scanned on a Siemens MAGNETOM Allegra MRI scanner with a circularly polarized transmit/receive head coil. Anatomical scans were acquired via a T1-weighted sequence. Resting state scans were acquired with a single 5-minute gradient recalled echo-planar imaging sequence. For both datasets, resting state data were preprocessed in the CONN toolbox (version 18a). We used the left hippocampus as a seed region to create whole brain seed-to-voxel correlation maps for each subject. Regression analyses were then performed to assess the relationship between resting state connectivity and TR (% change in BPRS positive score from (A) baseline to (B) after 6 weeks of APD: (((B-A)/A)*-100). Analyses were corrected using voxel (p &lt; 0.05, uncorrected) and cluster level correction (p &lt; 0.05, FDR corrected). Age, sex, and framewise displacement were used as covariates of no interest. T1 and T2 weighted images were preprocessed using FreeSurfer 6.0. Freesurfer’s hippocampus subfield segmentation module was used to calculate left and right subfield volumes. SPSS 25 was used to regress hippocampal subfield volumes on TR. Age and estimated total intracranial volume (eTIV) were included as covariates of no interest. Results In both cohorts greater hFC to the cuneus and precuneus was predictive of better TR, as was greater hFC to the fusiform gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex in cohort 2. Reduced hFC connectivity to the angular gyrus in supramarginal gyrus and temporal pole in cohort 1 as well as the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral PFC in cohort 2 were also predictive of better TR. Results from the stepwise regression showed that neither right nor left whole hippocampal volume, or subfield volumes, significantly predict TR for either cohort. Discussion In two patient cohorts, we observed a similar pattern where increased hFC to the cuneus and precuneus was predictive of better response to APD. Furthermore, the lack of a significant predictive value of hippocampal volumes in predicting TR was replicated in each cohort. The replicability of these findings, particularly in a cohort of medication-naïve FEP provides potential biological patterns useful in determining initial response to APD medication in patients with a psychosis spectrum disorder.

scholarly journals Differential Macrophage Responses in Affective Versus Non-Affective First-Episode Psychosis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather K. Hughes ◽  
Emily Mills-Ko ◽  
Houa Yang ◽  
Tyler A. Lesh ◽  
Cameron S. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages

Increased innate immune activation and inflammation are common findings in psychotic and affective (mood) disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), including increased numbers and activation of monocytes and macrophages. These findings often differ depending on the disorder, for example, we previously found increases in circulating inflammatory cytokines associated with monocytes and macrophages in SCZ, while BD had increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines. Despite these differences, few studies have specifically compared immune dysfunction in affective versus non-affective psychotic disorders and none have compared functional monocyte responses across these disorders. To address this, we recruited 25 first episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC). FEP patients were further grouped based on the presence (AFF) or absence (NON) of mood disorder. We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cultured them for 1 week with M-CSF to obtain monocyte-derived macrophages. These cells were then stimulated for 24 h to skew them to inflammatory and alternative phenotypes, in order to identify differences in these responses. Following stimulation with LPS and LPS plus IFNγ, we found that macrophages from the NON-group had diminished inflammatory responses compared to both HC and AFF groups. Interestingly, when skewing macrophages to an alternative phenotype using LPS plus IL-4, the AFF macrophages increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Receiver operating curve analysis showed predictive power of inflammatory cytokine concentrations after LPS stimulation in the AFF group versus NON-group. Our results suggest dysfunctional monocyte responses in both affective and non-affective psychotic disorder, with varying types of immune dysfunction depending on the presence or absence of a mood component.

A longitudinal study of hippocampal volume in first episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
Dennis Velakoulis ◽  
Deidre J. Smith ◽  
David Bond ◽  
Geoff W. Stuart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis
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