scholarly journals Use of ECT in patients with an intellectual disability: review

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Collins ◽  
Neel Halder ◽  
Nasim Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Severity Of Disability ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Valuable Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties

Aims and methodThe literature on the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with an intellectual disability is scarce, despite a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than in the general adult population. We carried out a review of articles published before March 2010. All age ranges, severity of disability and diagnoses were included.ResultsWe found 72 case reports, a retrospective chart review study and other reviews, but no controlled studies. Most patients (79%) showed a positive outcome following ECT. Complications were seen only in 13% and there were no reports of cognitive decline. Many patients relapsed following ECT (32%) and the majority were maintained with medication at follow-up (71%).Clinical implicationsElectroconvulsive therapy is a valuable treatment for this patient group and should be considered earlier as opposed to as a last resort. Obstacles to its use include diagnostic difficulties, ethical and legal issues, a lack of objective measurements and uncertainty about its safety in this population.

Bipolar Affective Disorder in Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Tromans ◽  
Ian Jones ◽  
Ignatius Gunaratna ◽  
Natalie Orr ◽  
Sabyasachi Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
General Population ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Individual

People with Intellectual Disability (ID) experience Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD) at a rate probably similar to that of the general population, though diagnosis may be delayed or missed owing to numerous factors, including communication deficits and atypical clinical presentations, especially in those with more severe ID. BPAD is caused by an interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and associated with numerous other forms of psychiatric and physical illness. Diagnostic criteria used for the general population may have clinical utility for those with milder ID, though ID-specific classification systems may be more useful in those with moderate-severe ID. There has been limited research regarding treatment of BPAD in individuals with ID. However, NICE guidelines have recommended treatment in line with that of the general adult population. Treatment decisions should be a collaborative process wherever possible, involving the patient, carer, clinician, and other health professionals. Factors specific to the individual patient should be taken into account in any subsequent therapeutic approach, including the acceptability of blood test monitoring and comorbid illness, among other factors.

Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiogram During Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: TEE to the Rescue!

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo De Marchi ◽  
Janice Lee ◽  
Nina Rawtani ◽  
Vinh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Transesophageal Echocardiogram ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pediatric Liver ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pediatric Liver Transplant

Supported by a growing number of studies and case reports in the literature, perioperative use of TEE in non-cardiac cases has significantly increased the past two decades. The utility of TEE in monitoring hemodynamic, and diagnosing causes of hypotension refractory to conventional therapy, have made it an almost indispensible tool during major surgeries, such liver transplantation. Despite this fact, compared to the adult population, there is a lack of an equivalent amount of literature on the perioperative use of TEE in pediatric cases. In our case we report the utilization of TEE during a pediatric liver transplant, to diagnose a post reperfusion suprahepatic anastomosis stricture. In this case, the cooperation of the anesthesia, the surgical, and the cardiology teams, helped in resolving the case, allowing a positive outcome for the patient. To our knowledge, this is the first case describing the use of TEE during a pediatric liver transplant.

Awareness of general adult population of Saudi Arabia toward Bell’s palsy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1191-1197
Author(s):  
Sultan Alamrani ◽  
Shahd Rummani ◽  
Zainab Khamdan ◽  
Aisha Alharbi ◽  
Ahmad Alshahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
General Adult Population

Unravelling the phenotypic tangle of autistic, schizotypal and social anxiety traits: A Network Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orestis Zavlis ◽  
Myles Jones
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
General Adult Population

Substantial overlap exists between schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, with part of that overlap hypothesised to be due to comorbid social anxiety. The current paper investigates the interactions and factor structure of these disorders at a personality trait level, through the lens of a network model. The items of the Autism Quotient (AQ), Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief-Revised (SPQ-BR), and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (L-SAS) were combined and completed by 345 members of the general adult population. An Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) on the AQ-SPQ-BR combined inventory revealed two communities (factors), which reflected the general autism and schizotypal phenotypes. An additional EGA on all inventories validated the AQ-SPQ-BR factor structure and revealed another community, Social Anxiety (L-SAS). A Network Analysis (NA) on all inventories revealed several moderately central subscales, which collectively reflected the social-interpersonal impairments of the three disorders. The current results suggest that a combination of recent network- and traditional factor-analytic techniques may present a fruitful approach to understanding the underlying structure as well as relation of different psychopathologies.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Clinician Adherence to USPSTF Diabetes Screening Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110165
Author(s):  
Elaine Seaton Banerjee ◽  
Kyle Shaak ◽  
Nicole Burgess ◽  
Melanie Johnson ◽  
Beth Careyva
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Diabetes Screening ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Missed Diagnosis ◽  
Significant Health

Introduction/Objectives: Diabetes and prediabetes impact nearly half of the US adult population and are associated with significant health risks but may be underdiagnosed. Effective screening may improve diagnosis and give patients opportunity to manage their disease. The purpose of this study was to determine screening rates, identify characteristics predictive of screening, and evaluate correct diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 71 433 patients eligible for diabetes screening, defined by completing A1c test within the 3-year study period. Results: A total of 31.3% of eligible patients received diabetes screening. Factors associated with screening include older age, female sex, non-white race, Hispanic ethnicity, Medicare or Medicaid insurance, higher BMI, and having a medical comorbidity. History of prediabetes or gestational diabetes were the strongest predictors for diabetes screening, but history of gestational diabetes was under-documented. Of those screened, 10.4% had a result consistent with diabetes and 51.8% had a result consistent with prediabetes. However, 52.9% of these patients had a missed diagnosis. Conclusions: Findings of this study indicate the need for uniform coverage for diabetes screening for all insurances, increased documentation of gestational diabetes to improve screening for patients with this history, and improving accurate diagnosis after screening is completed.

scholarly journals Etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in Singapore, 2007–2013

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e06329
Author(s):  
Yihui Chen ◽  
Marcus G. Mah ◽  
Jenny G.H. Low ◽  
Eng Eong Ooi ◽  
Yvonne C.F. Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
General Adult Population

scholarly journals Research Trends on Mobile Mental Health Application for General Population: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2459
Author(s):  
Won Ju Hwang ◽  
Ji Sun Ha ◽  
Mi Jeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Health Related

Background: Scoping reviews of the literature on the development and application of mental health apps based on theoretical suggestions are lacking. This study systematically examines studies on the effects and results of mental health mobile apps for the general adult population. Methods: Following PICOs (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design), a general form of scoping review was adopted. From January 2010 to December 2019, we selected the effects of mental health-related apps and intervention programs provided by mobile to the general adult population over the age of 18. Additionally, evaluation of methodological quality was assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist. Results: Fourteen studies were analyzed of 1205 that were identified; duplicate and matching studies were excluded. One was a descriptive study and 13 were experimental, of which randomized control trials (RCTs) accounted for 71.4%. Four of the mobile apps were developed based on cognitive behavior theory, one based on stress theory, and one on ecological instant intervention theory. These apps included breathing training, meditation, and music therapy. Stress, depression, and anxiety decreased using these apps, and some were effective for well-being. Conclusion: With the rapid development of technology related to mental health, many mobile apps are developed, but apps based on theoretical knowledge and well-designed research are lacking. Further research and practices should be conducted to develop, test, and disseminate evidence-based mHealth for mental health promotion. RCT studies are needed to expand the application to mental health services to various populations.

scholarly journals Distribution of health anxiety in a general adult population and associations with demographic and social network characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anja Davis Norbye ◽  
Birgit Abelsen ◽  
Olav Helge Førde ◽  
Unni Ringberg
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Distribution ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
General Adult Population

Abstract Background Health anxiety (HA) is associated with increased risk of disability, increased health care utilization and reduced quality of life. However, there is no consensus on which factors are important for the level of HA. The aim of this study was to explore the distribution of HA in a general adult population and to investigate whether demographic and social factors were associated with HA. Methods This study used cross-sectional data from the seventh Tromsø study. A total of 18 064 participants aged 40 years or older were included in the analysis. The six-item Whiteley Index (WI-6) with a 5-point Likert scale was used to measure HA. Sociodemographic factors included age, sex, education, household income, quality of friendship and participation in an organized activity. Results HA showed an exponential distribution among the participants with a median score of 2 points out of 24 points. In total, 75% had a total score of 5 points or less, whereas 1% had a score >14 points. Education, household income, quality of friendship and participation in organized activity were significantly associated with HA. The variable quality of friendship demonstrated the strongest association with HA. Conclusion Our study showed an exponential distribution of HA in a general adult population. There was no evident cut-off point to distinguish participants with severe HA based on their WI-6 score, indicating the importance of analysing HA as a complex, continuous construct. HA demonstrated strong associations with quality of friendship and participation in an organized activity.

scholarly journals Strong age but weak sex effects in eye movement performance in the general adult population: Evidence from the Rhineland Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Annabell Coors ◽  
Natascha Merten ◽  
David D. Ward ◽  
Matthias Schmid ◽  
Monique M.B. Breteler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
General Adult Population
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