The San Salvador Earthquake of October 10, 1986—Performance of Lifelines

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-607
Author(s):  
James R. Morgan ◽  
Sam W. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Emergency Power ◽  
Supply Equipment ◽  
Phone Service ◽  
The City

Although the October 10, 1986 San Salvador earthquake was only a moderate event of magnitude 5.4 and the recorded ground motions had a relatively short duration, the high recorded peak accelerations caused substantial damage to lifelines. There was significant and widespread damage to buried lifelines. Long-distance telecommunications facilities were reportedly undamaged, but there was substantial loss of local phone service caused by damage to buildings, failures of equipment racks, and loss of emergency power (tilting of batteries). Power generating facilities (hydroelectric and geothermal) that supply electricity to San Salvador are located too far from the city to have been affected by the earthquake. Both 115-kV substations that serve San Salvador experienced a moderate level of damage, consisting mostly of ceramic column circuit breaker failures. As has been observed in past earthquakes, control and instrumentation systems and low-voltage power-supply equipment displayed an ability to withstand high ground accelerations.

scholarly journals Research on battery capacity reliability of intelligent power supply equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Zikuo Dai ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Kejian Shi ◽  
Yang You ◽  
Bingxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Emergency Power ◽  
Supply Equipment ◽  
Train Dispatching ◽  
Reliable Power Supply

Battery is not only the power source or emergency power supply for many ships, but also the essential emergency power supply for train command and dispatching, post and telecommunication, bank operation, etc. The capacity of battery will be directly related to the normal operation of ship train dispatching, post and telecommunication and bank operation. At the same time, the battery is also the last guarantee for the safe and reliable power supply of intelligent power supply equipment, so it is necessary to study the reliability of battery capacity

scholarly journals Performance test and typical fault analysis of electric emergency power supply vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Chunhui Gu ◽  
Jian Fang ◽  
Zichong Zhang ◽  
Jianping Gong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
Emergency Power ◽  
Supply Equipment ◽  
Power Recovery

In the emergency repair of electric power caused by sudden natural disasters, the reliability and stability of emergency power supply vehicles largely determine the speed and efficiency of restoring power supply. Based on the performance test and reliability study of 18 diesel-powered vehicles in Guangzhou Power Supply Company Limited, the typical defects of emergency power supply equipment and the causes of the faults are analyzed. It provides technical support for the technical standards and the maintenance guidance of emergency power supply equipment, and greatly improves the emergency capability of rapid power recovery under extreme natural disasters. It has improved the emergency response capability of rapid re-powering under extreme natural disasters, shortened the repair time, and significantly reduced the loss and impact of extreme natural disasters on the power system and the entire national economy.

scholarly journals Examination of EV Abilities to Provide Vehicle-to-Home Service in Low Voltage Installation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Kelm ◽  
Rozmysław Mieński ◽  
Irena Wasiak ◽  
Katarzyna Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Energy Storage Device ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Home Service ◽  
Emergency Power ◽  
Operational Modes ◽  
Electrical Installation

This paper deals with the application of an electric vehicle (EV) motor inverter and its batteries as an energy storage device supporting the operation of home electrical installation. This additional functionality of EV is called a Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) service. Two kind of services are considered: a peak shaving and an emergency power supply. The simulation model developed in the PSCAD program is presented. It allows for the examination of the EV battery control and operation during EV driving and parking. Additionally, it allows an evaluation of the availability of home installation for the V2H service. Control algorithms enabling the implementation of discussed work options are presented. Results of simulations are presented illustrating the EV control and operation in different operational modes.

3D Thermal Analysis of a Power Supply Busbar Structure

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Plesca ◽  
Alina Scintee
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Convective Heat Exchange ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Electrical Apparatus

Busbar technology is more and more used to realize connections within power supply systems in answer to the need of compactness. The integrated problem on heat conduction and radiation-convective heat exchange describes the temperature regime in current conductors and current carrying busbars of power electrical apparatus such as circuit breakers or high breaking capacity fuses. Beside steady-state conditions, the transient thermal regime of busbar has an important influence upon whole power supply system from thermal behaviour point of view. Hence, a 3D thermal analysis of a power system including fuse, low voltage circuit breaker and busbars connections, using a specific software package based on Finite Element Method, has been done. From 3D thermal modelling and simulations, the thermal transient impedance for the busbar has been computed. This allows a better correlation between protection characteristics of the fuse and circuit breaker and busbar design.

scholarly journals Construction of High Precision AC-DC Power Supply

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2049-2051
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Specific Load ◽  
Research Facility ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Ac Power ◽  
Supply Equipment ◽  
Load Regulation ◽  
Efficiency Test

Several accessible power supply equipment with different difficulty levels and complexity mostly give a singular DC output that does not provide same use when an Output AC Power that is quite low to a great extent preferred. In this work, a stabilize, fixed and varying power supply device that has output voltage of 0.5 V to 18.15 V variable DC, and current range from 0 - 0.88 A with short circuit protection was constructed by using inexpensive materials, and fuse was used as circuit breaker . Likewise, we examined the regulation attributes of the power supply units that is just been constructed to a specific load regulation to decide its strength by contrasting it with a regular power supply device and ascertain the power supply's effectiveness through its efficiency. Test and examination were carried out utilizing the developed power supply unit to power loads of 10 to 50 Ω. The trend of the output results demonstrated that the power supply was in line with the standard PSU. The output supplied would be useful in research facility estimation to supply the power for direct incorporated circuits, delicate circuits, simple and advanced circuits, TTL and wide-ranging applications necessitating supply force.

scholarly journals Technical and Economic Assessment of Local Power Supply Systems for Agro-Industrial Production in the Digital Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00132
Author(s):  
Vladimir T. Vodyannikov ◽  
Elena V. Кhudyakova ◽  
Marat M. Nizamutdinov ◽  
Asiyа K. Subaeva ◽  
Ilnur N. Safiullin
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Central Station

Energy and energy supply development determines the rate of production intensification, including agricultural production. The current state of rural power supply is characterized by a high degree of deterioration of electrical equipment, long distance overhead power lines, low reliability of low-voltage electrical networks, and a higher accident rate. With an aim of ensuring food security and export orientation of the industry for the next 5 years, it is necessary to implement a set of measures to improve the efficiency of energy supply to agricultural production. This task will be hampered by a constant rise in prices and tariffs for energy resources. Thus, over the last 20 years, energy costs have increased from 3-5 % to 30-40 % in agricultural production. The specific capital investment (per 1 kW of power) and the cost of 1 kWh of electricity were reported to depend on a type of local energy source and its capacity. The paper proposes a method for marking out the economic boundaries of the effective use of local power supply arrangements to replace a standard central station. A power gen-set supplying energy to an agricultural holding is capable of operating in two modes subsequent upon utility (central station) electricity – autonomous and parallel. The authors compared the cost of electrical and thermal energy produced by the power gen-set and tariffs for these types of energy. Calculations have shown that it is advisable for an agricultural holding to have a local power supply system being a power gen-set based on gas engine-generators.

scholarly journals Model Design on Emergency Power Supply of Electric Vehicle

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanliang Zhao ◽  
Chengpeng Li ◽  
Mingyu Zhao ◽  
Shiming Xu ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Loss Minimization ◽  
Power Failure ◽  
Emergency Power ◽  
Supply Equipment ◽  
Random Dispersion ◽  
Supply Model ◽  
Electricity Reliability

According to the mobile storage characteristic of electric vehicles, an emergency power supply model about the electric vehicles is presented through analyzing its storage characteristic. The model can ensure important consumer loss minimization during power failure or emergency and can make electric vehicles cost minimization about running, scheduling, and vindicating. In view of the random dispersion feature in one area, an emergency power supply scheme using the electric vehicles is designed based on the K-means algorithm. The purpose is to improve the electric vehicles initiative gathering ability and reduce the electric vehicles gathering time. The study can reduce the number of other emergency power supply equipment and improve the urban electricity reliability.

scholarly journals Pinched Power Cord is Latent Defect Causing Fire When Appliance Is Not in Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Leshner
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Design Defect ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Witness Statements

After a fatal residential fire, witness statements and burn patterns pointed investigators toward an electrically powered upholstered reclining chair as the origin. A search for exemplar recliners identified slightly different designs of the power supply, which converts house current to low-voltage direct current for driving the motor. Although the fire left no direct evidence of its cause, analysis of unburned exemplars uncovered a design defect in the power supply electrical enclosure design, causing damage to the power cord during assembly. The transformer was found to press against the two-conductor power cord, in a location inside the unit that was concealed after assembly. The newer units did not have this design defect. Investigators developed the hypothesis that over time, the sustained force of the transformer against the cord enabled the insulation to deform such that a short circuit occurred in the power cord and caused the fire — even when the recliner was not in use and if the house wiring circuit had been protected by a circuit breaker. This paper details the investigation, testing, and findings, including dissenting expert opinions. More importantly, it shows how forensic engineers conduct detective work and apply scientific principles to achieve useful results.

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