Methotrexate (MTX), procarbazine and CCNU for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in patients younger than 60: Can radiotherapy (RT) be deferred?
1551 Background: Deferring RT following MTX based chemotherapy has been an acceptable initial approach for elderly PCNSL pts because of a high risk of neurotoxicity (NT). However, given the lower NT risk, such an approach is more controversial in younger pts . In this study we report outcomes of an innovative MTX-based regimen for PCNSL pts younger than 60 and seek to investigate whether withholding RT is an acceptable option in selected pts. Methods: We reviewed records of all patients <60y with confirmed PCNSL seen in 3 institutions from 1994 to 2003. Through prior agreement among institutions, pts were offered a standardized treatment consisting of an induction chemotherapy with MTX (3g/m2- days 1, 10, and 20), CCNU (40 mg/m2- day 1), procarbazine (60 mg/m2- days 1–7), methylprednisolone (120 mg/m2- days 1–20) and IT MTX (15mg), cytarabine (40 mg) and methylprednisolone (40mg)- days 1, 5, 10 and 15. Pts with a complete response (CR) proceeded to a maintenance chemotherapy consisting of 5 monthly cycles with same doses of MTX- day 1, CCNU- day 1, procarbazine- days 1–7, and same IT chemotherapy on day 1; those patients received no further treatment. Pts with less than a CR to induction were treated on an individual basis, and typically received consolidation with RT or high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with stem cell rescue. Results: Among the 64 identified pts, median age was 47 (19–60), median KPS was 70 (20–100), and 41 (64%) were men. For the entire population, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 13m and median overall survival (OS) has not been reached (median follow-up: 54m). 90% of patients responded to induction treatment (CR: 52%; PR: 38%). Consolidation or salvage treatment with RT has been given to a total of 27 pts, and HDC to 23. For the 26 pts who completed maintenance chemotherapy and received no further treatment, median PFS was 36m. Grades 3/4 hematotoxicity developed in 18 pts, nephrotoxicity in 2 pts, and NT in 6 patients (none in the chemotherapy-only treated patients). Two toxic deaths occurred. Conclusions: Deferring RT in chemosensitive patients seems to compromise PFS but not OS, with minimal NT. HDC and RT are effective salvage treatments. Further studies on the role of RT versus HDC in younger patients are warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.