Neutropenia as a potential pharmacodynamic marker for docetaxel-based chemotherapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 51-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Russell Pond ◽  
William R. Berry ◽  
Matt D. Galsky ◽  
Brian A. Wood ◽  
Lance Howard Leopold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Marker ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dose Modulation ◽  
Grade 3

51 Background: Data suggest docetaxel clearance is increased in castrate men. An association of docetaxel-induced grade ≥3 neutropenia with overall survival (OS) may provide a rationale for tailored dosing in mCRPC. Methods: The association of cycle 1 neutropenia with OS was examined in a randomized phase II trial of 221 men with mCRPC receiving docetaxel-prednisone combined with placebo or AT-101 (bcl-2 inhibitor), which performed weekly blood cell counts during the first cycle. Patients from both arms were combined as no outcome or neutropenia differences were observed. OS was calculated from randomization by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association with OS. Results: The difference in OS between men with day 8 ≥grade 3 neutropenia and those with ≤grade 2 neutropenia was significant after adjusting for stratification factors (HR: 0.64, p= 0.048). Excluding men with delayed cycle 2 yielded a more significant association of grade 3-4 neutropenia on day 8 with survival (Table). Men with ≥grade 3 neutropenia and ≥30% PSA decline by day 90 had improved OS compared with men exhibiting neither (HR: 0.51, p=0.014). Conclusions: In mCRPC receiving docetaxel, ≥grade 3 neutropenia on day 8 was prognostic for improved OS, suggesting its potential utility as a pharmacodynamic marker in this hypothesis-generating analysis. Since the association was stronger after excluding patients that experienced dose delays, grade 3 neutropenia may confer a more favorable therapeutic index than grade 4 neutropenia. The exploration of dose modulation of docetaxel to attain ≥grade 3 neutropenia on day 8 may be warranted. [Table: see text]

PETCO2 gradient: a novel prognostic parameter in cardiopulmonary exercise testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.D Poveda Pinedo ◽  
I Marco Clement ◽  
O Gonzalez ◽  
I Ponz ◽  
A.M Iniesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prognostic Parameter ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Previous parameters such as peak VO2, VE/VCO2 slope and OUES have been described to be prognostic in heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to identify further prognostic factors of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in HF patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of HF patients who underwent CPET from January to November 2019 in a single centre was performed. PETCO2 gradient was defined by the difference between final PETCO2 and baseline PETCO2. HF events were defined as decompensated HF requiring hospital admission or IV diuretics, or decompensated HF resulting in death. Results A total of 64 HF patients were assessed by CPET, HF events occurred in 8 (12.5%) patients. Baseline characteristics are shown in table 1. Patients having HF events had a negative PETCO2 gradient while patients not having events showed a positive PETCO2 gradient (−1.5 [IQR −4.8, 2.3] vs 3 [IQR 1, 5] mmHg; p=0.004). A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis revealed that PETCO2 gradient was an independent predictor of HF events (HR 0.74, 95% CI [0.61–0.89]; p=0.002). Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significantly higher incidence of HF events in patients having negative gradients, p=0.002 (figure 1). Conclusion PETCO2 gradient was demonstrated to be a prognostic parameter of CPET in HF patients in our study. Patients having negative gradients had worse outcomes by having more HF events. Time to first event, decompensated heart Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Association between radiographic response and overall survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving chemotherapy.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 118-118
Author(s):  
G. Sonpavde ◽  
G. R. Pond ◽  
W. R. Berry ◽  
R. De Wit ◽  
M. A. Eisenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Kaplan Meier

118 Background: In men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC),the association of measurable tumor responses with overall survival (OS) is unknown. We retrospectively evaluated the TAX327 phase III trial to study this relationship. Methods: Eligible patients for this analysis included those with WHO-defined measurable metastatic disease randomized to receive either docetaxel or mitoxantrone. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the prognostic relationship of WHO-defined radiologic response with OS was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Landmark analyses evaluated survival from baseline and 2, 3, 4 and 6 months after baseline. Results: Four hundred and twelve patients enrolled on the TAX327 trial had measurable tumors. Thirty-seven patients exhibited a complete or partial objective response (CR/PR, 9.0%), 116 had stable disease (SD, 28.2%), 99 had progressive disease (PD,24%) and 160 (38.8%) did not have a post-baseline objective assessment. Partial responders demonstrated longer median OS (29.0 months) than patients with SD (22.1 months), or those with PD (10.8 months) or those who were not assessed (12.7 months). These results remained after landmark analysis. We found a significant association between ≥30% PSA declines and radiologic response, with ≥30% PSA declines occurring in all patients with CR/PR, 79.8% of patients with SD and 34.4% with PD. Radiologic response remained a significant but modest post-treatment prognostic factor for OS after adjusting for treatment, pain-response and ≥30% PSA-decline (p=0.009). Conclusions: In men with metastatic CRPC and measurable disease receiving chemotherapy, objective tumor response was prognostic for OS, and appears to complement PSA assessment. [Table: see text]

Pretreatment albumin may help select patients for intrahepatic Y-90 microsphere transarterial radioembolization (TARE) for malignancies of the liver.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 453-453
Author(s):  
Kelly Elizabeth Orwat ◽  
Samuel Lewis Cooper ◽  
Michael Ashenafi ◽  
M. Bret Anderson ◽  
Marcelo Guimaraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
University Of South Carolina ◽  
Liver Malignancies ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Synthetic Function ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Grade 3

453 Background: Systemic therapies for unresectable liver malignancies may provide a survival benefit, but eventually prove intolerable or ineffective. TARE provides an additional liver-directed treatment option to improve local control for these patients, but there is limited data on patient factors associated with survival. Methods: All patients that received TARE at the Medical University of South Carolina from March 2006 through May of 2014 were included in this analysis of overall survival (OS) and toxicity. Kaplan-Meier estimates of OS from date of first procedure are reported. Potential prognostic factors for OS were evaluated using log rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: In 114 patients that received TARE at our institution, median follow-up was 6.4 months [range 0-86], with the following tumor histology: colorectal (CR) n=55, hepatocellular (HC) n=20, cholangiocarcinoma (CC) n=16, neuroendocrine (NE) n=12, breast (BR) n=6, other n=5. At least 1 line of systemic therapy prior to TARE was noted in 79% of patients. Median OS was 6.6 months and 1-year OS was 30.7%. The percentage of patients who died within 3 months of TARE were 46.2% for patients with albumin < 3 but only 20.3% for patients with albumin ≥ 3. Grade ≥ 2 toxicity was observed in 22 patients (19.3%) including 9 (7.9%) with Grade 3 and 1 (0.9%) with Grade 4 toxicity. A single patient with a pre-existing pulmonary arteriovenous malformation experienced Grade 3 pneumonitis that resolved with steroids. No deaths were attributed to radiation-induced liver disease. Conclusions: TARE is a relatively safe and effective treatment for unresectable intrahepatic malignancies. Patients with NE or BR histology as well as those with better hepatic synthetic function were associated with significantly better survival. Our data suggest that patients with albumin below 3 may not benefit from TARE. [Table: see text]

Toxicity and efficacy of bolus (BOL) versus continuous intravenous (CIV) dosing of doxorubicin (DOX) in soft tissue sarcoma (STS): Post hoc analysis of a prospective randomized trial.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11023-11023
Author(s):  
Lee D. Cranmer ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Karla V. Ballman ◽  
Elizabeth Trice Loggers ◽  
Seth Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Post Hoc

11023 Background: DOX remains critical in STS treatment. Controversy exists regarding its optimal administration route (BOL vs CIV). BOL vs CIV could affect toxicity and/or efficacy. A randomized trial to assess this is unlikely. We conducted a post hoc analysis to explore differences in these routes of DOX administration. Methods: Data from a prospective randomized phase III study of doxorubicin with or without evofosfamide (TH-302) were used. At the discretion of treating physician, BOL or CIV DOX could be used. Grade 3-5 hematologic, non-hematologic and cardiac toxicities and treatment response were explored using multivariable logistic regression. OS and PFS were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards. Results: 640 subjects were enrolled (556 BOL, 84 CIV). Baseline differences in age, extent of disease and prior radiotherapy were controlled for in regression models. Hematologic toxicity was associated with age, performance status (PS) and cumulative (CUM) DOX dose. Non-hematologic toxicity was associated with age, PS, receipt of prior radiotherapy and CUM TH-302 dose. Cardiac toxicity was only associated with CUM DOX dose. Odds of response were strongly associated with CUM DOX dose (mg/m2, OR = 1.011, p < 0.0001), and, to a lesser extent, with CUM TH-302 dose (g/m2, OR = 1.081, p = 0.0008), STS subtype and prior radiotherapy. Comparing CIV to BOL DOX, neither OS (median 21.7m vs 18.3m, HR = 0.85, p = 0.29) nor PFS (median 6.1m vs. 6.1m, HR = 0.89, p = 0.43) was affected by manner of DOX administration (CIV vs BOL). Cox analyses indicated that factors reflecting tumoral biology and host status, rather than treatment received, were associated with OS (PS, histologic STS subtype, histologic grade, receipt of prior radiotherapy) and PFS (PS, treatment-related toxicity). Conclusions: Our analyses provide no evidence for superiority of either BOL or CIV administration of DOX as regards toxicity or efficacy in STS treatment. Thus, the logistically simpler BOL administration of DOX should be favored over CIV administration.

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to prognosticate overall survival (OS) for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients (pts) treated with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 194-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wise ◽  
James Kelvin ◽  
Ryon Graf ◽  
Nicole A. Schreiber ◽  
Brigit McLaughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Impact

194 Background: Upregulation of GR protein expression in metastatic biopsies from pts with CRPC has previously been shown to correlate with resistance to enzalutamide and has been validated as a therapeutic target in pre-clinical studies. We sought to determine whether upregulated GR protein expression in CTCs from pts with progressing mCRPC predicted clinical outcomes following treatment with enzalutamide (E) or abiraterone (A). Methods: Pre-therapy blood samples from 54 pts with progressing mCRPC were subjected to CTC analysis using the Epic Sciences platform. Samples were examined to identify CK+ (CK+, CD45- cells, with intact nuclei, morph distinct) CTCs for GR protein expression. GR+ CTCs were defined as having expression greater than the 95th percentile of GR expression in the GR negative LNCAP cell line. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to test the impact of GR+ CTCs on OS following treatment with A or E. A Cox proportional hazards model with CTC number and GR positivity was used in a multivariate analysis. Results: 37 out of 54 pts (69%) had detectable and viable CK+ CTCs. 28 out of 37 pts (76%) had CTCs with upregulated GR staining with a median of 6 GR+/CK+ cells/ml per patient (range 0.7 – 244 cells/ml). The OS of patients with GR+ CTCs treated with ARSi was significantly worse than that of patients without detectable GR+ CTCs (11.4 mo. vs NA, p < 0.01), an effect independent and additive to the presence of viable CTCs, a previously described prognostic biomarker (see Table). Conclusions: GR protein upregulation in CTCs can be detected in a significant percentage of pts with progressing mCRPC and the presence of GR+ CTCs predicts worse OS in response to ARSi. The data supports previously reported pre-clinical data proposing a pathogenic role for GR in mediating resistance to ARSi therapy. Detection of GR in patient CTCs may be a useful predictive biomarker to guide GR-directed therapies. [Table: see text]

Circulating tumor DNA fraction (ctDNA%) to independently predict for clinical outcomes in patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5049-5049
Author(s):  
Corinne Maurice-Dror ◽  
Nicolette Fonseca ◽  
Cameron Herberts ◽  
William Fan ◽  
Alexander W. Wyatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Ecog Ps

5049 Background: CtDNA% (the tumour-derived proportion of cell-free DNA (cfDNA)) is abundant in >60% of mCRPC pts and associates with adverse clinical prognostic factors. However, prognostic associations have not been comprehensively tested across clinical contexts. We evaluated the utility of ctDNA% as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with mCRPC prior to first-line (1L) therapy. Methods: 410 treatment-naïve mCRPC pts had blood samples drawn prior to 1L therapy and followed prospectively for outcomes. Plasma cfDNA was subjected to deep targeted sequencing and ctDNA% was calculated using validated methods ( Annala, Cancer Discov, 2018 ). Overall survival (OS), PSA progression free survival (PSA PFS) and PSA declines ≥50% from baseline (PSA50 response rate (RR)) were stratified by ctDNA% and compared using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: Median age was 73 yrs. (range 45-98), the majority of pts had ECOG PS 0-1 (78%) and 9.5% had liver metastases at baseline. The most common 1L therapy employed was androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (90%). Median follow-up was 21 mo. (range 1-75) and median ctDNA% was 4.9% (range: 0-89%). Stratifying patients into high ctDNA (>30%) and Low ctDNA (≤2%) groups showed stronger association with OS and PSA PFS than grouping by median (Table). In a univariate comparison to pts with low ctDNA (≤2%), pts with high ctDNA% (>30%) had significantly shorter median PSA PFS, median OS and a lower PSA50 RR (Table). In a multivariable adjustment for clinical prognostic factors and cfDNA concentration, high ctDNA% remained strongly associated with OS (HR= 3.3, 95%CI: 2.1-5.3, p<0.001) and PSA PFS (HR: 3.7, 95%CI: 2.4-5.9, p<0.001). Although ctDNA% and total cfDNA concentration were correlated (R2=0.55), association with OS was stronger for ctDNA% than cfDNA concentration (stratified at median; HR: 2.9 (2.3-3.7), p<0.001 vs HR: 2.1 (1.7-2.6), p<0.001). Conclusions: In a large cohort of treatment-naïve mCRPC pts, ctDNA% prior to 1L treatment provided strong prognostic information independent of known clinical factors. These data further demonstrate the multipronged clinical utility of ctDNA-based profiling for actionable genomic alterations.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Response and Toxicity to the Second Course of 3 Cycles of 177Lu-PSMA Therapy Every 4 Weeks in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2489
Author(s):  
Sazan Rasul ◽  
Tim Wollenweber ◽  
Lucia Zisser ◽  
Elisabeth Kretschmer-Chott ◽  
Bernhard Grubmüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radioligand Therapy ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Grade 3

Background: We investigated the response rate and degree of toxicity of a second course of three cycles of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy (PSMA-RLT) every 4 weeks in mCRPC patients. Methods: Forty-three men (71.5 ± 6.6 years, median PSA 40.8 (0.87–1358 µg/L)) were studied. The response was based on the PSA level 4 weeks after the third cycle. The laboratory parameters before and one month after the last cycle were compared. Kaplan–Meier methods were used to estimate the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and the Cox regression model was performed to find predictors of survival. Results: Twenty-six patients (60.5%) exhibited a PSA reduction (median PSA declined from 40.8 to 20.2, range 0.6–1926 µg/L, p = 0.002); 18 (42%) and 8 (19%) patients showed a PSA decline of ≥50% and ≥80%, respectively. The median OS and PFS were 136 and 31 weeks, respectively. The patients with only lymph node metastases survived longer (p = 0.02), whereas the patients with bone metastases had a shorter survival (p = 0.03). In the multivariate analysis, only the levels of PSA prior to the therapy remained significant for OS (p < 0.05, hazard ratio 2.43, 95% CI 1.01–5.87). The levels of hemoglobin (11.5 ± 1.7 g/dL vs. 11 ± 1.6 g/dL, p = 0.006) and platelets (208 ± 63 g/L vs. 185 ± 63 g/L, p = 0.002) significantly decreased one month after cycle three, though only two grade 3 anemia and one grade 3 thrombocytopenia were recorded. Conclusion: A further intensive PSMA-RLT course is well tolerated in mCRPC patients and associated with promising response rates and OS.

The Efficacy of Etoposide-Based Therapy in Adult Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Leonard Naymagon ◽  
Douglas Tremblay ◽  
John Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Data supporting the use of etoposide-based therapy in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) arise largely from pediatric studies. There is a lack of comparable data among adult patients with secondary HLH. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the impact of etoposide-based therapy on outcomes in adult secondary HLH. The primary outcome was overall survival. The log-rank test was used to compare Kaplan-Meier distributions of time-to-event outcomes. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Ninety adults with secondary HLH seen between January 1, 2009, and January 6, 2020, were included. Forty-two patients (47%) received etoposide-based therapy, while 48 (53%) received treatment only for their inciting proinflammatory condition. Thirty-three patients in the etoposide group (72%) and 32 in the no-etoposide group (67%) died during follow-up. Median survival in the etoposide and no-etoposide groups was 1.04 and 1.39 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between the etoposide and no-etoposide groups (log-rank <i>p</i> = 0.4146). On multivariable analysis, there was no association between treatment with etoposide and survival (HR for death with etoposide = 1.067, 95% CI: 0.633–1.799, <i>p</i> = 0.8084). Use of etoposide-based therapy was not associated with improvement in outcomes in this large cohort of adult secondary HLH patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Changes on World Stock Exchanges in Connection with the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Survival Analysis Methods

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Beata Bieszk-Stolorz ◽  
Krzysztof Dmytrów
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Kaplan Meier

The aim of our research was to compare the intensity of decline and then increase in the value of basic stock indices during the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic in 2020. The survival analysis methods used to assess the risk of decline and chance of rise of the indices were: Kaplan–Meier estimator, logit model, and the Cox proportional hazards model. We observed the highest intensity of decline in the European stock exchanges, followed by the American and Asian plus Australian ones (after the fourth and eighth week since the peak). The highest risk of decline was in America, then in Europe, followed by Asia and Australia. The lowest risk was in Africa. The intensity of increase was the highest in the fourth and eleventh week since the minimal value had been reached. The highest odds of increase were in the American stock exchanges, followed by the European and Asian (including Australia and Oceania), and the lowest in the African ones. The odds and intensity of increase in the stock exchange indices varied from continent to continent. The increase was faster than the initial decline.

scholarly journals Association between milk and yogurt intake and mortality: a community-based cohort study (Yamagata study)

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Nakanishi ◽  
Erika Homma ◽  
Tsukasa Osaki ◽  
Ri Sho ◽  
Masayoshi Souri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Abstract Background Dairy products are known as health-promoting foods. This study prospectively examined the association between milk and yogurt intake and mortality in a community-based population. Methods The study population comprised of 14,264 subjects aged 40–74 years who participated in an annual health checkup. The frequency of yogurt and milk intake was categorized as none (< 1/month), low (< 1/week), moderate (1–6/week), and high (> 1/day) intake. The association between yogurt and milk intake and total, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortalities was determined using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results During the follow-up period, there were 265 total deaths, 40 cardiovascular deaths and 90 cancer-related deaths. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the total mortality in high/moderate/low yogurt intake and moderate/low milk intake groups was lower than that in none group (log-rank, P < 0.01). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted for possible confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) for total mortality significantly decreased in high/moderate yogurt intake group (HR: 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42–0.91 for high intake, HR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.49–0.99 for moderate intake) and moderate milk intake group (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46–0.97) compared with the none yogurt and milk intake groups. A similar association was observed for cancer-related mortality, but not for cardiovascular mortality. Conclusions Our study showed that yogurt and milk intake was independently associated with a decrease in total and cancer-related mortalities in the Japanese population.

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