Uptake of genetic testing by relatives in Lynch syndrome: A systematic review.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 374-374
Author(s):  
Ravi Sharaf ◽  
Parvathi Myer ◽  
Christopher Stave ◽  
Lisa Diamond ◽  
Uri Ladabaum
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Lynch Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Full Text Review

374 Background: Screening of persons with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC) for Lynch Syndrome (LS) can yield substantial population-level benefits at acceptable costs, presuming sufficient uptake of genetic testing by first-degree relatives (FDRs) of LS probands. We reviewed systematically the published literature addressing the frequency and predictors of uptake of genetic testing by FDRs of LS probands. Methods: A literature search was conducted in four electronic databases (CINAHL, PsycInfo, PUBMED, and SCOPUS) for articles published through May 2011 that reported the uptake of genetic testing by relatives of LS probands. Two investigators independently screened articles to determine whether they met inclusion criteria, and abstracted data inthree broad categories: study population, methodology, and uptake of genetic testing. A narrative, qualitative systematic review was performed. The data were not amenable to meta-analysis. Results: 1,258 potentially relevant articles were identified with 533 studies undergoing full text review. Eight articles met inclusion criteria. 52% or less of FDRs of LS probands underwent genetic testing. For each LS proband, 4.6 or fewer relatives underwent genetic testing. Demographic factors (age <50 years, female gender, parenthood, education level, employment, participation in past medical studies), psychological factors (lack of depressive symptoms), and family history (greater number of relatives with cancer) were associated with uptake of genetic testing. Conclusions: Genetic testing may be underutilized by FDRs at risk for LS. The economic feasibility of screening persons with CRC for LS depends on optimizing family-wide uptake of genetic testing. Future research and clinical efforts should focus on ways to overcome barriers to genetic testing.

scholarly journals Microplastic contamination of salt intended for human consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Danopoulos ◽  
Lauren Jenner ◽  
Maureen Twiddy ◽  
Jeanette M. Rotchell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Human Health Effects ◽  
Potential Human Health

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging contaminant ubiquitous in the environment. There is growing concern regarding potential human health effects, a major human exposure route being dietary uptake. We have undertaken a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis to identify all relevant research on MP contamination of salt intended for human consumption. Three thousand nine hundred and nineteen papers were identified, with ten fitting the inclusion criteria. A search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science, from launch date to September 2020, was conducted. MP contamination of salt varied significantly between four origins, sea salt 0–1674 MPs/kg, lake salt 8–462 MPs/kg, rock and well salt 0–204 MPs/kg. The majority of samples were found to be contaminated by MPs. Corresponding potential human exposures are estimated to be 0–6110 MPs per year (for all origins), confirming salt as a carrier of MPs. A bespoke risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used to appraise the quality of the studies, with studies demonstrating moderate to low RoB. These results suggest that a series of recurring issues need to be addressed in future research regarding sampling, analysis and reporting to improve confidence in research findings.

scholarly journals Smartphone-Based Interventions and Internalizing Disorders in Youth: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

10.2196/16490 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. e16490
Author(s):  
Adrian Buttazzoni ◽  
Keshbir Brar ◽  
Leia Minaker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Health Disorders

Background Mental health disorders in youth are a global issue that have important implications for the future quality of life and morbidity of affected individuals. In the context of public health initiatives, smartphone-based interventions have been suggested to hold the potential to be an effective strategy to reduce the symptoms of mental health disorders in youth; however, further evaluation is needed to confirm their effectiveness. This systematic review and meta-analysis documents and synthesizes existing research on smartphone-based interventions targeting internalizing disorders in youth populations. Objective This study aims to synthesize existing research on smartphone-based interventions targeting internalizing disorders in youth populations. Methods PubMed and SCOPUS were searched in 2019, and 4334 potentially relevant articles were found. A total of 12 studies were included in the final synthesis. We used the Hedges g meta-analysis approach and a random effects model for analysis. Results The results of this review note that depression and anxiety are the most commonly targeted symptoms, and unlike other similar topics, most studies reviewed were linked to a proven treatment. The overall pooled effect from the meta-analysis showed small but significant effects (κ=12; N=1370; Hedges g=0.20; 95% CI 0.02-0.38) for interventions in reducing the symptoms of internalizing disorders. In total, 4 subgroup analyses examining specific symptoms and intervention styles found varied small significant and nonsignificant effects. Conclusions Future research should focus on developing robust evaluative frameworks and examining interventions among more diverse populations and settings. More robust research is needed before smartphone-based interventions are scaled up and used at the population level to address youth internalizing disorders.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Antifungal Drugs and Traditional Antiseptic Medication for Otomycosis Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunyu Wu ◽  
Yin Cheng ◽  
Shunzhang Lin ◽  
Huanhai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives/Hypothesis: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of and complications associated with antifungal drugs and traditional antiseptic medication for the treatment of otomycosis.Data Sources: The PubMed, EMBASE, GeenMedical, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and other databases were searched from January 1991 to January 2021.Methods: The systematic literature review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (case-control, cohort, and case series) were included to assess the topical use of antifungal drugs and traditional antiseptic medication in patients with otomycosis. The research subjects were patients who were clinically diagnosed with otomycosis and whose external auditory canal secretions were positive for fungi. Funnel plots were used to detect bias, and the Q test was used to assess heterogeneity. The random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. The t-test was used to assess significance.Results: Of the 324 non-duplicate studies screened, 16 studies met the criteria for full-text review, and 7 were included in the meta-analysis. Four studies reported recovery conditions (P = 0.01). Six common complications after medication use were compared, and there were no significant differences. The authors further conducted subgroup analysis according to complications. The differences in the rates of ear distension (P = 0.007), earache (P = 0.03) and tinnitus (P = 0.003) were statistically significant.Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis and literature review showed that antifungal drugs and traditional antiseptic medication were effective in relieving symptoms in patients with otomycosis, and the two treatments were associated with different complications. Otolaryngologists have the option to use one medication or a combination of two drugs on the basis of the condition. Future research in this area should include RCTs with long-term follow-up to guide the development of otomycosis guidelines to overcome some of the weaknesses found in the literature.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#myprospero.

scholarly journals Smartphone-Based Interventions and Internalizing Disorders in Youth: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Buttazzoni ◽  
Keshbir Brar ◽  
Leia Minaker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Health Disorders

BACKGROUND Mental health disorders in youth are a global issue that have important implications for the future quality of life and morbidity of affected individuals. In the context of public health initiatives, smartphone-based interventions have been suggested to hold the potential to be an effective strategy to reduce the symptoms of mental health disorders in youth; however, further evaluation is needed to confirm their effectiveness. This systematic review and meta-analysis documents and synthesizes existing research on smartphone-based interventions targeting internalizing disorders in youth populations. OBJECTIVE This study aims to synthesize existing research on smartphone-based interventions targeting internalizing disorders in youth populations. METHODS PubMed and SCOPUS were searched in 2019, and 4334 potentially relevant articles were found. A total of 12 studies were included in the final synthesis. We used the Hedges <i>g</i> meta-analysis approach and a random effects model for analysis. RESULTS The results of this review note that depression and anxiety are the most commonly targeted symptoms, and unlike other similar topics, most studies reviewed were linked to a proven treatment. The overall pooled effect from the meta-analysis showed small but significant effects (κ=12; N=1370; Hedges g=0.20; 95% CI 0.02-0.38) for interventions in reducing the symptoms of internalizing disorders. In total, 4 subgroup analyses examining specific symptoms and intervention styles found varied small significant and nonsignificant effects. CONCLUSIONS Future research should focus on developing robust evaluative frameworks and examining interventions among more diverse populations and settings. More robust research is needed before smartphone-based interventions are scaled up and used at the population level to address youth internalizing disorders.

scholarly journals Condom application skills and self-efficacy in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249753
Author(s):  
John L. Ferrand ◽  
Aaron J. Blashill ◽  
Heather L. Corliss ◽  
Eric R. Walsh-Buhi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Full Text Review

Globally, and in the United States (U.S.) specifically, rates of reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been steadily increasing and are especially high among youth aged 13–25 years. Using condoms correctly and consistently is an effective STI prevention measure for sexually active youth, yet public health endeavors tend to focus only on condom use consistency. Directly measuring condom application is challenging and expensive. Alternative tools evaluate this behaviour, but little evidence exists on the appropriateness of these instruments in measuring application skills. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between condom application skills and self-efficacy. We conducted a search of several databases as well as unpublished works. Studies were included if they were in English, examined youth aged 13–25 years, and were available between 1992 and 2019. The authors screened 630 titles and abstracts for initial inclusion criteria. A full-text review of 30 studies was conducted. The authors included 19 studies in the systematic review and 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Both a fixed- and random-effects model (Q = .2321, I2 = 0%) yielded a medium-sized statistically non-significant association (r = 0.217) between skills and self-efficacy. Despite the small sample size, findings suggest that skills and self-efficacy may not be as interchangeable as previously assumed when assessing condom application. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Victimization Experiences and Well-Being in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-814
Author(s):  
Célia Ferreira ◽  
Eunice Magalhães ◽  
Carla Antunes ◽  
Cláudia Camilo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Scientific research has explored the impact of violence during adulthood on psychopathology. Fewer efforts have been made from a positive theoretical framework, and no systematic evidence has been provided. This manuscript describes a literature review and meta-analysis on the relationship between victimization experiences and well-being in adulthood. A literature review was performed, and 27 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review 16 for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis yielded a medium and significant overall effect size (r = −0.309, p < .001), which indicated that greater victimization experiences partly explain lower well-being outcomes. A set of theoretical and methodological issues are discussed, specifically considering the conceptualization of victimization and well-being as well as the studies design, sample characteristics, measures, and data analysis. Derived from this integrative discussion, some recommendations are also provided for future research.

scholarly journals Interventions Facilitating Family Communication of Genetic Testing Results and Cascade Screening in Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer or Lynch Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 925
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Baroutsou ◽  
Meghan L. Underhill-Blazey ◽  
Christian Appenzeller-Herzog ◽  
Maria C. Katapodi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Lynch Syndrome ◽  
Family Communication ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Cancer Predisposition ◽  
Cascade Screening ◽  
Screening And Prevention

Evidence-based guidelines recommend cascade genetic testing of blood relatives of known Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) or Lynch Syndrome (LS) cases, to inform individualized cancer screening and prevention plans. The study identified interventions designed to facilitate family communication of genetic testing results and/or cancer predisposition cascade genetic testing for HBOC and LS. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials that assessed intervention efficacy for these two outcomes. Additional outcomes were also recorded and synthesized when possible. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis and 13 in the meta-analysis. Lack of participant blinding was the most common risk of bias. Interventions targeted HBOC (n = 5); both HBOC and LS (n = 4); LS (n = 3); or ovarian cancer (n = 2). All protocols (n = 14) included a psychoeducational and/or counseling component. Additional components were decision aids (n = 4), building communication skills (n = 4), or motivational interviewing (n = 1). The overall effect size for family communication was small (g = 0.085) and not significant (p = 0.344), while for cascade testing, it was small (g = 0.169) but significant (p = 0.014). Interventions show promise for improving cancer predisposition cascade genetic testing for HBOC and LS. Future studies should employ family-based approaches and include racially diverse samples.

Chasing the Anchor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Perceptual Anchoring Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt D Shulver ◽  
Nicholas A Badcock
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
English Language ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

We report the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between perceptual anchoring and dyslexia. Our goal was to assess the direction and degree of effect between perceptual anchoring and reading ability in typical and atypical (dyslexic) readers. We performed a literature search of experiments explicitly assessing perceptual anchoring and reading ability using PsycInfo (Ovid, 1860 to 2020), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1860 to 2019), EMBASE (Ovid, 1883 to 2019), and PubMed for all available years up to June (2020). Our eligibility criteria consisted of English-language articles and, at minimum, one experimental group identified as dyslexic - either by reading assessment at the time, or by previous diagnosis. We assessed for risk of bias using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Six studies were included in this review, but only five (n = 280 participants) were included in the meta-analysis (we were unable to access the necessary data for one study).The overall effect was negative, large and statistically significant; g = -0.87, 95% CI [-1.47, 0.27]: a negative effect size indicating less perceptual anchoring in dyslexic versus non-dyslexic groups. Visual assessment of funnel plot and Egger’s test suggest minimal bias but with significant heterogeneity; Q (4) = 9.70, PI (prediction interval) [-2.32, -0.58]. The primary limitation of the current review is the small number of included studies. We discuss methodological limitations, such as limited power, and how future research may redress these concerns. The variability of effect sizes appears consistent with the inherent variability within subtypes of dyslexia. This level of dispersion seems indicative of the how we define cut-off thresholds between typical reading and dyslexia populations, but also the methodological tools we use to investigate individual performance.

scholarly journals Association between Oral Hygiene and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2873
Author(s):  
Cornelia Melinda Adi Santoso ◽  
Fera Ketti ◽  
Taufan Bramantoro ◽  
Judit Zsuga ◽  
Attila Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Visits ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Emerging evidence has linked poor oral hygiene to metabolic syndrome (MetS), but previously, no summary of evidence has been conducted on the topic. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the associations of oral hygiene status and care with MetS. A systematic search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception to March 17, 2021, and examination of reference lists was conducted to identify eligible observational studies. A random-effects model was applied to pool the effects of oral hygiene status and care on MetS. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and had sufficient methodological quality. Good oral hygiene status (OR = 0.30 (0.13–0.66); I2 = 91%), frequent tooth brushing (OR = 0.68 (0.58–0.80); I2 = 89%), and frequent interdental cleaning (OR = 0.89 (0.81–0.99); I2 = 27%) were associated with a lower risk of MetS. Only one study examined the association between dental visits and MetS (OR = 1.10 (0.77–1.55)). Our findings suggested that there might be inverse associations of oral hygiene status, tooth-brushing frequency, and interdental cleaning with MetS. However, substantial heterogeneity for tooth-brushing frequency and inconsistent results for oral hygiene status in subgroup analyses were observed. There was insufficient evidence for the association between dental visits and MetS. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate these associations.

scholarly journals COVID‐19 pandemic and population‐level pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: a living systematic review and meta‐analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Rohan D’souza ◽  
Ashraf Kharrat ◽  
Deshayne B. Fell ◽  
John W. Snelgrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes
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