Clinical outcomes of cancer patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18600-e18600
Author(s):  
Maryam Alasfour ◽  
Salman Alawadi ◽  
Malak AlMojel ◽  
Philippos Apolinario Costa ◽  
Priscila Barreto Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Prediction Intervals ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Meta Analyses

e18600 Background: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cancer have worse clinical outcomes compared to those without cancer. Primary studies have examined this population, but most had small sample sizes and conflicting results. Prior meta-analyses exclude most US and European data or only examine mortality. The present meta-analysis evaluates the prevalence of several clinical outcomes in cancer patients with COVID-19, including new emerging data from Europe and the US. Methods: A systematic search of PubMED, medRxiv, JMIR and Embase by two independent investigators included peer-reviewed papers and preprints up to July 8, 2020. The primary outcome was mortality. Other outcomes were ICU and non-ICU admission, mild, moderate and severe complications, ARDS, invasive ventilation, stable, and clinically improved rates. Study quality was assessed through the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Random effects model was used to derive prevalence rates, their 95% confidence intervals (CI) and 95% prediction intervals (PI). Results: Thirty-four studies (N = 4,371) were included in the analysis. The mortality prevalence rate was 25.2% (95% CI: 21.1–29.7; 95% PI: 9.8-51.1; I 2 = 85.4), with 11.9% ICU admissions (95% CI: 9.2-15.4; 95% PI: 4.3-28.9; I 2= 77.8) and 25.2% clinically stable (95% CI: 21.1-29.7; 95% PI: 9.8-51.1; I 2 = 85.4). Furthermore, 42.5% developed severe complications (95% CI: 30.4-55.7; 95% PI: 8.2-85.9; I 2 = 94.3), with 22.7% developing ARDS (95% CI: 15.4-32.2; 95% PI: 5.8-58.6; I 2 = 82.4), and 11.3% needing invasive ventilation (95% CI: 6.7-18.4; 95% PI: 2.3-41.1; I 2 = 79.8). Post-follow up, 49% clinically improved (95% CI: 35.6-62.6; 95% PI: 9.8-89.4; I 2 = 92.5). All outcomes had large I 2 , suggesting high levels of heterogeneity among studies, and wide PIs indicating high variability within outcomes. Despite this variability, the mortality rate in cancer patients with COVID-19, even at the lower end of the PI (9.8%), is higher than the 2% mortality rate of the non-cancer with COVID-19 population, but not as high as what other meta-analyses conclude, which is around 25%. Conclusions: Patients with cancer who develop COVID-19 have a higher probability of mortality compared to the general population with COVID-19, but possibly not as high as previous studies have shown. A large proportion of them developed severe complications, but a larger proportion recovered. Prevalence of mortality and other outcomes published in prior meta-analyses did not report prediction intervals, which compromises the clinical utilization of such results.

scholarly journals Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation and its association with subcortical volumes: findings from the ENIGMA Epigenetics Working Group

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianye Jia ◽  
Congying Chu ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Jenny van Dongen ◽  
Evangelos Papastergios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractDNA methylation, which is modulated by both genetic factors and environmental exposures, may offer a unique opportunity to discover novel biomarkers of disease-related brain phenotypes, even when measured in other tissues than brain, such as blood. A few studies of small sample sizes have revealed associations between blood DNA methylation and neuropsychopathology, however, large-scale epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) are needed to investigate the utility of DNA methylation profiling as a peripheral marker for the brain. Here, in an analysis of eleven international cohorts, totalling 3337 individuals, we report epigenome-wide meta-analyses of blood DNA methylation with volumes of the hippocampus, thalamus and nucleus accumbens (NAcc)—three subcortical regions selected for their associations with disease and heritability and volumetric variability. Analyses of individual CpGs revealed genome-wide significant associations with hippocampal volume at two loci. No significant associations were found for analyses of thalamus and nucleus accumbens volumes. Cluster-based analyses revealed additional differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with hippocampal volume. DNA methylation at these loci affected expression of proximal genes involved in learning and memory, stem cell maintenance and differentiation, fatty acid metabolism and type-2 diabetes. These DNA methylation marks, their interaction with genetic variants and their impact on gene expression offer new insights into the relationship between epigenetic variation and brain structure and may provide the basis for biomarker discovery in neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric conditions.

Effectiveness of Outdoor Exercise Parks on Health Outcomes in Older Adults—A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yoke Leng Ng ◽  
Keith D. Hill ◽  
Pazit Levinger ◽  
Elissa Burton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Single Leg Stance ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Meta Analyses

The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of outdoor exercise park equipment on physical activity levels, physical function, psychosocial outcomes, and quality of life of older adults living in the community and to evaluate the evidence of older adults’ use of outdoor exercise park equipment. A search strategy was conducted from seven databases. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. The study quality results were varied. Meta-analyses were undertaken for two physical performance tests: 30-s chair stand test and single-leg stance. The meta-analysis results were not statistically significant. It was not possible to conclude whether exercise parks were effective at improving levels of physical activity. The review shows that older adults value the benefits of health and social interaction from the use of exercise parks. Findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample sizes and the limited number of studies.

Jackson and Schuler (1985) Revisited: A Meta-Analysis of the Relationships Between Role Ambiguity, Role Conflict, and Job Performance

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis C. Tubre ◽  
Judith M. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Role Conflict ◽  
Role Ambiguity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Meta Analyses

We conducted a meta-analysis of correlations between role ambiguity and job performance and role conflict and job performance. Previous meta-analyses of these role constructs and performance relationships (e.g., Jackson & Schuler, 1985) were limited by small sample sizes and sparse reporting of reliability estimates in primary studies. The present study used a comprehensive database with a larger sample size and a distribution of interrater reliabilities to extend the previous findings. We also tested moderator hypotheses proposed but not conducted by Jackson and Schuler. Results revealed a negative relationship (r52.21) between role ambiguity and job performance with moderating influences due to job type and rating source. A negligible relationship (r52.07) was observed for role conflict and job performance, a finding consistent across job types and rating sources. Conclusions were that role ambiguity ought not to be dismissed as an unimportant variable in the job performance domain.

scholarly journals Changing the logic of replication: A case from infant studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Margoni ◽  
Martin Shepperd
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Infant Research ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Meta Analyses

Infant research is making considerable progresses. However, among infant researchers there is growing concern regarding the widespread habit of undertaking studies that have small sample sizes and employ tests with low statistical power (to detect a wide range of possible effects). For many researchers, issues of confidence may be partially resolved by relying on replications. Here, we bring further evidence that the classical logic of confirmation, according to which the result of a replication study confirms the original finding when it reaches statistical significance, could be usefully abandoned. With real examples taken from the infant literature and Monte Carlo simulations, we show that a very wide range of possible replication results would in a formal statistical sense constitute confirmation as they can be explained simply due to sampling error. Thus, often no useful conclusion can be derived from a single or small number of replication studies. We suggest that, in order to accumulate and generate new knowledge, the dichotomous view of replication as confirmatory/disconfirmatory can be replaced by an approach that emphasizes the estimation of effect sizes via meta-analysis. Moreover, we discuss possible solutions for reducing problems affecting the validity of conclusions drawn from meta-analyses in infant research.

scholarly journals Modulation of naturalistic maladaptive memories using behavioural and pharmacological reconsolidation-interfering strategies: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and 'sub-clinical' studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie H Walsh ◽  
Ravi K Das ◽  
Michael E Saladin ◽  
Sunjeev K Kamboj
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Use Studies ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

Consolidated memories can undergo enduring modification through retrieval-dependent treatments that modulate reconsolidation. This has been suggested to represent a potentially transformative clinical strategy for weakening or overwriting the maladaptive memories that underlie substance use and anxiety/trauma-related disorders. However, the ability to modulate naturalistic maladaptive memories may be limited by boundary conditions imposed on reconsolidation by the nature of these memories. As such, the true potential of reconsolidation therapy is currently unknown. Here, we report a meta-analyses of behavioural and pharmacological studies examining retrieval-dependent modulation of reward and threat memories in (sub)clinical substance use and anxiety/trauma respectively. Of 4936 publications assessed for eligibility, 7 studies of substance use, and 9 of anxiety (phobia) and trauma-related symptoms were included in the meta-analyses. Overall, the findings were in the predicted direction, with the majority of effect sizes favouring the Retrieval + Treatment condition. However, the magnitude of effects depended upon the nature of the treatment type, with pharmacological interventions (relative to behavioural strategies) showing a clearer beneficial effect in studies of phobia/trauma and post-retrieval behavioural strategies, a (significantly) larger effect in substance use studies. However, high levels of heterogeneity and small sample sizes limit the strength of conclusions that can be drawn at this stage of inquiry. We hope this review will provide an impetus to address these issues in future research.

Mortality rate in cancer patients with COVID-19: meta-analysis data

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Nasser Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Meta Analyses

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), that begun from Wuhan, China and spread rapidly and to worldwide. Since, cancer patients are more susceptible to different types of infection with have higher risk of severe symptoms of COVID-19 than patients without cancer. The objective of this study is determine mortality rate in cancer patients with COVID-19 through used systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses by searched COVID-19, cancer patients, mortality rate patients with cancer, mortality rate patients with COVID-19. In order to collect the data, valid databases (i.e., MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct) were systematically searched. Five hundred and forty-five (545) studies were identified on valid databases (electronic literature search) were screened by title, abstract and full-text articles were identified for eligibility. Seven study data of patients with severe COVID-19 reported higher mortality among patients with hematologic versus those with non-hematologic cancers (79.9% v 55.6%), and no difference in mortality among cancer + COVID-19 patients with comorbidity compared with those without any comorbidity (33.1% v 33.6%). In conclusion; patients with cancer and COVID-19 had a significantly higher risk of mortality outcomes then patients with COVID-19 without cancer. Doctors and other medical staff must be tolerated take care with cancer patients in the COVID-19 visitors.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association Between Obesity and Hypertension: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Ava Oliaei
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Meta Analyses

Introduction: Obesity is associated with multiple health-related complications, which together can decrease quality of life, disability-adjusted life years and life expectancy.1 Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have demonstrated that sex can influence the association between obesity and health complications, such as rheumatoid arthritis and many types of cancer.2-4 However, no systematic review or meta-analysis has been conducted to review the effect of sex on the association between obesity and hypertension, thus far. Knowing whether or not sex influences this relationship can help tailor the prevention, prediction, and care of this condition towards each sex.    Objectives: To evaluate current studies on the association between sex, obesity, and hypertension, so as to obtain an overall estimate of the effect of sex on the prevalence of hypertension in obese individuals.     Methods: A systematic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed was conducted. Search terms, such as “obesity,” “sex differences,” and “hypertension,” were used to filter results. After reviewing 406 articles, eight articles were included.    Results: Four articles showed that obese women were at a greater risk of developing hypertension than obese men.5-8 Conversely, the results of two studies found that obese men are at a greater risk of developing hypertension.9,10 The remaining two studies showed that the difference between the sexes was insignificant.11,12     Discussion/Limitations: Stronger evidence shows that obese women are at a greater risk of developing hypertension than obese men. The two studies that had contradictory conclusions had small sample sizes relative to the other studies. Additionally, the two studies that concluded that both sexes are at a similar risk highlighted that most other studies have determined that obese women are at a greater risk and that their limitations may have caused this discrepancy. Limitations of this review include the limited ethnicity of participants and the use of BMI to classify obesity, which can sometimes lead to misclassification due to varying muscle to fat ratios. These factors limit the generalizability of the results.     Conclusion: Obese women are seemingly at a greater risk of developing hypertension than obese men. However, this conclusion remains statistically inconclusive. Therefore, it would be beneficial to complete a meta-analysis in order to conclusively determine which sex is statistically more at risk of developing hypertension, when obese.  

Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Adults Living at High Altitude: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Diego Urrunaga-Pastor ◽  
Diego Chambergo-Michilot ◽  
Fernando M. Runzer-Colmenares ◽  
Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza ◽  
Vicente A. Benites-Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Language Restriction ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Ottawa Scale

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Dementia is a chronic disease with a variable prevalence throughout the world; however, this could be higher at high-altitude populations. We aimed to summarize the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults living at high altitude. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We searched in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase and included the studies published from inception to July 20, 2020, with no language restriction, which reported the frequency of cognitive impairment or dementia in older adults living at high-altitude populations. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the overall prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of cognitive impairment and dementia. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) adapted for cross-sectional studies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Six studies were included (3,724 participants), and 5 of the 6 included studies were carried out in Latin America. The altitude ranged from 1,783 to 3,847 m, the proportion of women included varied from 38.7 to 65.6%, and the proportion of participants with elementary or illiterate educational level ranged from 71.7 to 97.6%. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment was 22.0% (95% CI: 8–40, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>: 99%), and the overall prevalence of dementia was 11.0% (95% CI: 6–17, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>: 92%). In a subgroup analysis according to the instrument used to evaluate cognitive impairment, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 21.0% (95% CI: 5–42, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>: 99%) in the MMSE group while the prevalence was 29.0% (95% CI: 0–78) in the non-MMSE group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults living at high altitude is almost twice the number reported in some world regions.

Genetic Polymorphisms and the Risk of Diabetic Foot: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

2020 ◽  
pp. 153473462097759
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Le-Xuan Zhang ◽  
Yu-Ting Wang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Hong-Lin Chen, MD
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Relationship Of

Background Diabetic foot (DF) is a dangerous complication of diabetes. The aim of the study was to synthesize all the published single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DF to objectively evaluate the relationship of SNPs and DF risks. Methods The HuGE database and CNKI were searched for eligible publications on genetic polymorphisms and the risk of DF systematically. The quality of literatures was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Pooled odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval for SNPs were evaluated through 3 genetic models. Results Citing 29 different polymorphisms from 24 articles and the study met our selection criteria. There were 24 polymorphisms summarized systematically, and 5 merged polymorphisms for a meta-analysis: 9 positively associated with DF: HIF-1α rs11549465, TNF-α rs1800629, TLR-9 rs5743836, FIB rs6056, HSP70-2437C/T, VDR rs2228570, LOX rs1800449, ITLN1 rs2274907, and OPG rs2073617, but OPG rs3134069 was not a risk factor in DF; 6 negatively associated with DF: VEGF rs833061 and rs2010963, MCP-1 rs1024611, SDF-1 rs1801157, SIRT1 rs12778366, and OPG rs2073617. In addition, 13 polymorphisms were not associated with DF: MMP-9 rs3918242, eNOS rs1799983, VEGF rs3025039, -7C/T, rs1570360, rs13207351, and rs699947, IL-6 rs1800795, HIF-1α rs11549467, TNF-α rs361525, TLR-2 rs3804100, SIRT1 rs3758391, and TIMP-1 rs2070584. Conclusions The study provided some evidence for SNPs to the development of diabetic foot. The meta-analysis showed that rs1024611 of MCP-1 may be regarded as a protective factor, especially in Asian populations. Other loci indicated inconsistent results.

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