Breeding for Wheat Blast Resistance

Wheat Blast ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
Xinyao He ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
Naresh Kumar Bainsla ◽  
Aakash Chawade ◽  
Pawan Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Wheat Blast

scholarly journals Dissecting the genetic basis of wheat blast resistance in the Brazilian wheat cultivar BR 18-Terena

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Goddard ◽  
Andrew Steed ◽  
Catherine Chinoy ◽  
Jéssica Rosset Ferreira ◽  
Pedro Luiz Scheeren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Wheat Blast

scholarly journals Screening and Biochemical Characterization of Wheat Cultivars Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae pv Triticum (MoT)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Shekhar Biswas ◽  
Afsana Hannan ◽  
Abul Monsur ◽  
G H M Sagor
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Blast

Global food security is seriously threatened due to increased frequency and occurrence of fungal diseases. One example is wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a fungal diseases of rice, wheat, and other grasses, that can destroy the whole food production to sustain millions of people. Wheat blast was first detected in february 2016 with a serious outbreak in Asia. Assessment of the available germplasms to stress tolerant/resistant is one of the best options for developing stress tolerant crop varieties. In this study, a total of sixteen wheat cultivars were collected and test their disease severity to blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae pv. Triticum (MoT). Among the varieties, BARI Gom 33 exhibited partially resistance against blast pathogen, whereas all other genotypes become susceptible to MoT. Different yield and yield contributing characters of both resistant and susceptible cultivars were also evaluated and found no significant differences among them. To understand the underlying mechanism of resistance in BARI Gom 33, antioxidant enzyme activity, concentration of reactive oxygen species and cellular damage after fungal infection were also evaluated and found that activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were higher in BARI Gom 33 than BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 31. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondealdehyde (MDA) content in BARI Gom 33 was low compare to BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 31, which may due to greater increase of the APX, CAT and POD in resistant genotypes. Thus, it may suggest that a more efficient antioxidative defense system in BARI Gom 33 during the infection process of M. oryzae restricts the cell damage caused by the fungus. The identified genotypes can either be used directly in the blast prone area or as a source of resistance to further development of blast resistance high yielding wheat variety.

Suppression of wheat blast resistance by an effector of Pyricularia oryzae is counteracted by a host specificity resistance gene in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 488-500
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Inoue ◽  
Trinh Thi Phuoug Vy ◽  
Daichi Tani ◽  
Yukio Tosa
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Wheat Blast

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Wheat Blast Resistance Gene Rmg8 in Bangladesh Suggested by Distribution of an AVR-Rmg8 Allele in the Pyricularia oryzae Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1802-1807
Author(s):  
Jemal Tola Horo ◽  
Soichiro Asuke ◽  
Trinh Thi Phuong Vy ◽  
Yukio Tosa
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Blast Resistance Gene ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Heading Stage

Wheat blast caused by the Triticum pathotype of Pyricularia oryzae was first reported in 1985 in Brazil and recently spread to Bangladesh. We tested whether Rmg8 and RmgGR119, recently identified resistance genes, were effective against Bangladeshi isolates of the pathogen. Common wheat accessions carrying Rmg8 alone (IL191) or both Rmg8 and RmgGR119 (GR119) were inoculated with Brazilian isolates (Br48, Br5, and Br116.5) and Bangladeshi isolates (T-108 and T-109). Br48, T-108, and T-109 carried the eI type of AVR-Rmg8 (the avirulence gene corresponding to Rmg8) while Br5 and Br116.5 carried its variants, eII and eII’ types, respectively. Detached primary leaves of IL191 and GR119 were resistant to all isolates at 25°C. At a higher temperature (28°C), their resistance was still effective against the eI carriers but was reduced to a low level against the eII/eII’ carriers. A survey of databases and sequence analyses revealed that all Bangladeshi isolates carried the eI type which induced a higher level of resistance than the eII/eII’ types. The resistance of IL191 (Rmg8/−) to the eI carriers was maintained even at the heading stage and at the higher temperature. In addition, GR119 (Rmg8/RmgGR119) displayed higher levels of resistance than IL191 at this stage. These results suggest that Rmg8 combined with RmgGR119 will be useful in breeding for resistance against wheat blast in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Wheat blast disease: Bangladesh and global perspectives of blast resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
M. Thoihidul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Rashid Arif ◽  
Lutful Hassan ◽  
Arif Hasan Khan Robin
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Blast Fungus ◽  
Wide Range

Fearsome wheat blast disease expanded its radius from Latin America to Bangladesh in 2016 with higher degrees of destruction efficiency. In 1985, Brazil was the first hotspot and consecutively Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia were affected by the wheat blast fungus. Blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is under pyriculariaceae family with three-celled, pyriform, hyaline conidia. Not only wheat and rice are affected by the blast pathogen but also around 50 grass species can be affected and act as host, but the fungus pathotype is specific and distinct for each plant species. Morpho-biometrical analysis revealed similarity between the Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Tritici (MoT) strain of Bangladeshi and Brazil. Through extensive molecular genetics and genomics study unfolded five resistant genes, among those Rmg2, Rmg3, and Rmg7 lost viability but Rmg8 and RmgGR119 still have resistance. In addition, 2NS translocation from Aegilops ventricosa in wheat reports resistance against MoT. CIMMYT based Milan variety is regarded as a resistant variety and plant breeders are trying to develop new resistant varieties. But the main problem regarding blast pathogen is breakdown of resistance and evolving virulent races consecutively which is fueled by global warming. A wide range of molecular markers can potentially be used for blast resistance study. Utilization of medium to high-throughput markers like SSR, InDel and SNP gave pace in blast resistance study. Along with that, allele mining has potentiality for finding out source of resistance. In addition, gene pyramiding will play a vital role in introgression of multiple resistant genes into a superior wheat linage. In future, high-throughput marker technology along with cutting-edge gene editing technology will play a pivotal role. Furthermore, the collaborative research in Bangladesh indicates that international scientific community has taken wheat blast as a serious issue. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(2): 122–132, June 2019

scholarly journals Genomic Selection for Wheat Blast in a Diversity Panel, Breeding Panel and Full-Sibs Panel

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philomin Juliana ◽  
Xinyao He ◽  
Felix Marza ◽  
Rabiul Islam ◽  
Babul Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Diversity Panel ◽  
Wheat Blast

Wheat blast is an emerging threat to wheat production, due to its recent migration to South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Because genomic selection (GS) has emerged as a promising breeding strategy, the key objective of this study was to evaluate it for wheat blast phenotyped at precision phenotyping platforms in Quirusillas (Bolivia), Okinawa (Bolivia) and Jashore (Bangladesh) using three panels: (i) a diversity panel comprising 172 diverse spring wheat genotypes, (ii) a breeding panel comprising 248 elite breeding lines, and (iii) a full-sibs panel comprising 298 full-sibs. We evaluated two genomic prediction models (the genomic best linear unbiased prediction or GBLUP model and the Bayes B model) and compared the genomic prediction accuracies with accuracies from a fixed effects model (with selected blast-associated markers as fixed effects), a GBLUP + fixed effects model and a pedigree relationships-based model (ABLUP). On average, across all the panels and environments analyzed, the GBLUP + fixed effects model (0.63 ± 0.13) and the fixed effects model (0.62 ± 0.13) gave the highest prediction accuracies, followed by the Bayes B (0.59 ± 0.11), GBLUP (0.55 ± 0.1), and ABLUP (0.48 ± 0.06) models. The high prediction accuracies from the fixed effects model resulted from the markers tagging the 2NS translocation that had a large effect on blast in all the panels. This implies that in environments where the 2NS translocation-based blast resistance is effective, genotyping one to few markers tagging the translocation is sufficient to predict the blast response and genome-wide markers may not be needed. We also observed that marker-assisted selection (MAS) based on a few blast-associated markers outperformed GS as it selected the highest mean percentage (88.5%) of lines also selected by phenotypic selection and discarded the highest mean percentage of lines (91.8%) also discarded by phenotypic selection, across all panels. In conclusion, while this study demonstrates that MAS might be a powerful strategy to select for the 2NS translocation-based blast resistance, we emphasize that further efforts to use genomic tools to identify non-2NS translocation-based blast resistance are critical.

scholarly journals Identification of Rice Blast Loss-of-Function Mutant Alleles in the Wheat Genome as a New Strategy for Wheat Blast Resistance Breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Guo ◽  
Qidi Du ◽  
Yongdun Xie ◽  
Hongchun Xiong ◽  
Linshu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Fungal Lineage ◽  
New Strategy

Blast is caused by the host-specific lineages of the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and is the most important destructive disease in major crop plants, including rice and wheat. The first wheat blast outbreak that occurred in Bangladesh in 2016 and the recent epidemic in Zambia were caused by the M. oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype, a fungal lineage belonging to M. oryzae. Although a few reported wheat cultivars show modest resistance to MoT, the patterns of genetic variation and diversity of this pathotype make it crucial to identify additional lines of resistant wheat germplasm. Nearly 40 rice blast resistant and susceptible genes have so far been cloned. Here, we used BLAST analysis to locate two rice blast susceptible genes in the wheat reference genome, bsr-d1 and bsr-k1, and identified six identical homologous genes located on subgenomes A, B, and D. We uncovered a total of 171 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced population, with mutation densities ranging from 1/1107.1 to 1/230.7 kb through Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) by sequencing. These included 81 SNPs located in exonic and promoter regions, and 13 coding alleles that are predicted to have severe effects on protein function, including two pre-mature mutants that might affect wheat blast resistance. The loss-of-function alleles identified in this study provide insights into new wheat blast resistant lines, which represent a valuable breeding resource.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association mapping for wheat blast resistance in CIMMYT’s international screening nurseries evaluated in Bolivia and Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philomin Juliana ◽  
Xinyao He ◽  
Muhammad R. Kabir ◽  
Krishna K. Roy ◽  
Md. Babul Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Aegilops Ventricosa ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Association Mapping Study ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract Wheat blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) is an emerging threat to wheat production. To identify genomic regions associated with blast resistance against MoT isolates in Bolivia and Bangladesh, we performed a large genome-wide association mapping study using 8607 observations on 1106 lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre’s International Bread Wheat Screening Nurseries (IBWSNs) and Semi-Arid Wheat Screening Nurseries (SAWSNs). We identified 36 significant markers on chromosomes 2AS, 3BL, 4AL and 7BL with consistent effects across panels or site-years, including 20 markers that were significant in all the 49 datasets and tagged the 2NS translocation from Aegilops ventricosa. The mean blast index of lines with and without the 2NS translocation was 2.7 ± 4.5 and 53.3 ± 15.9, respectively, that substantiates its strong effect on blast resistance. Furthermore, we fingerprinted a large panel of 4143 lines for the 2NS translocation that provided excellent insights into its frequency over years and indicated its presence in 94.1 and 93.7% of lines in the 2019 IBWSN and SAWSN, respectively. Overall, this study reinforces the effectiveness of the 2NS translocation for blast resistance and emphasizes the urgent need to identify novel non-2NS sources of blast resistance.

scholarly journals New Genotypes and Genomic Regions for Resistance to Wheat Blast in South Asian Germplasm

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2693
Author(s):  
Chandan Roy ◽  
Philomin Juliana ◽  
Muhammad R. Kabir ◽  
Krishna K. Roy ◽  
Navin C. Gahtyari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genomic Regions

Wheat blast (WB) disease, since its first identification in Bangladesh in 2016, is now an established serious threat to wheat production in South Asia. There is a need for sound knowledge about resistance sources and associated genomic regions to assist breeding programs. Hence, a panel of genotypes from India and Bangladesh was evaluated for wheat blast resistance and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed. Disease evaluation was done during five crop seasons—at precision phenotyping platform (PPPs) for wheat blast disease at Jashore (2018–19), Quirusillas (2018–19 and 2019–20) and Okinawa (2019 and 2020). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) across the genome were obtained using DArTseq genotyping-by-sequencing platform, and in total 5713 filtered markers were used. GWAS revealed 40 significant markers associated with WB resistance, of which 33 (82.5%) were in the 2NS/2AS chromosome segment and one each on seven chromosomes (3B, 3D, 4A, 5A, 5D, 6A and 6B). The 2NS markers contributed significantly in most of the environments, explaining an average of 33.4% of the phenotypic variation. Overall, 22.4% of the germplasm carried 2NS/2AS segment. So far, 2NS translocation is the only effective WB resistance source being used in the breeding programs of South Asia. Nevertheless, the identification of non-2NS/2AS genomic regions for WB resistance provides a hope to broaden and diversify resistance for this disease in years to come.

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