Insights into the Enzymatic Antioxidants and Their Genetic Expressions Responses of Plants to Heavy Metals

This research aimed to indicate mechanisms involved in protection against the imbalanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during heavy metals (HMs) exposition of Silene vulgaris ecotypes with different levels of metal tolerance. Specimens of non-metallicolous (NM), calamine (CAL), and serpentine (SER) ecotypes were treated in vitro with Zn, Pb, and Cd ions applied simultaneously in concentrations that reflected their contents in natural habitats of the CAL ecotype (1× HMs) and 2.5- or 5.0-times higher than the first one. Our findings confirmed the sensitivity of the NM ecotype and revealed that the SER ecotype was not fully adapted to the HM mixture, since intensified lipid peroxidation, ultrastructural alternations, and decline in photosynthetic pigments’ content were ascertained under HM treatment. These changes resulted from insufficient antioxidant defense mechanisms based only on ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity assisted (depending on HMs concentration) by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase activity at pH 6.8 in the NM ecotype or by GST and guaiacol-type peroxidase in the SER one. In turn, CAL specimens showed a hormetic reaction to 1× HMs, which manifested by both increased accumulation of pigments and most non-enzymatic antioxidants and enhanced activity of catalase and enzymes from the peroxidase family (with the exception of APX). Interestingly, no changes in superoxide dismutase activity were noticed in metallicolous ecotypes. To sum up, the ROS scavenging pathways in S. vulgaris relied on antioxidants specific to the respective ecotypes, however the synthesis of polyphenols was proved to be a universal reaction to HMs.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Endophytic Talaromyces pinophilus on Growth, Absorption and Accumulation of Heavy Metals of Triticum aestivum Grown on Sandy Soil Amended by Sewage Sludge

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10122659 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2659

Author(s):

Amany A. El-Shahir ◽

Noha A. El-Tayeh ◽

Omar M. Ali ◽

Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽

Naglaa Loutfy

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Growth Media ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Talaromyces Pinophilus ◽

Total Amino Acids

Sewage sludge improves agricultural soil and plant growth, but there are risks associated with its use, including high heavy metal content. In this study, experiments were carried out to investigate the role of endophytic Talaromyces pinophilus MW695526 on the growth of Triticum aestivum cultivated in soil amended with sewage sludge and its phytoremediation ability. T. pinophilus could produce gibberellic acid (GA) and stimulate T. aestivum to accumulate GA. The results showed that inoculation with T. pinophilus boosted plant growth criteria, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes (soluble proteins, soluble sugars and total amino acids), enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase), K, Ca and Mg. On the other hand, it reduced Na, Na/K ratio, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn in the growth media as well as in the shoot and root of T. aestivum. The results suggest that endophytic T. pinophilus can work as a barrier to reduce the absorption of heavy metals in T. aestivum cultivated in soil amended with sewage sludge.

Download Full-text

Disturbed levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants and malondialdehyde among makeup users

Journal of Techniques ◽

10.51173/jt.v2i1.166 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 42-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sameer Mohammed Yaseen ◽

Hussein Adil Abid ◽

Mudhar Abdul-Wahab Al-Obaidi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Female Students ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Stress Damage

Makeup products contain heavy metals in variable amounts. Oxidative stress, damage, and aging could happen due to exposure to heavy metals. This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde, MDA) in makeup and non-makeup users. 69 female students were sorted into two groups of 31 of non-makeup users (control group) and 38 of makeup users (case group). In this respect, the case group was also divided into 3 subgroups according to a period of 1.09±0.78 years (as mean±SD). 10 mL venous blood was drawn to determine the serum level of vitamin C, uric acid, glutathione (GSH) and MDA. The gained results were statistically analysed using SPSS. This in turn indicated a significant reduction in vitamin C, uric acid and GSH levels in makeup users compared to the control group. However, MDA concentrations were significantly higher in makeup users. A significant correlation between lipid peroxidation, dropping in non-enzymatic antioxidants and makeup products application was found.

Download Full-text

Efek Pemberian Vitamin C Terhadap Aktifitas Katalase Hati Tikus Galur Wistar yang Terpapar Ion Pb

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v4i1.235 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elmatris Sy ◽

Husnil Kadri ◽

Eti Yerizel

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Free Radical ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

T Test ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Wistar Strain ◽

Pb Ions ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Paired T Test

AbstrakAkumulasi logam berat dapat meningkatkan senyawa oksigen reaktif dan menekan kadar antioksidan esensial dalam tubuh. Vitamin C merupakan antioksidan non enzimatis, senyawa alami yang bersifat antioksidan kuat dan pengikat radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efek Pemberian Vitamin C Terhadap Aktifitas Katalase Hati Tikus Galur Wistar Yang Terpapar Ion Pb, dilakukan di laboratorium Farmakologi Fakultas Farmasi dan Biokimia Fakultas Kedokteran Unand Penelitian dilakukan terhadap tikus galur wistar, berumur tiga bulan, berat badan + 200 gram, yang berjumlah 28 ekor. Didapatkan bahwa pemaparan ion Pb 0,05 mg/g BB/hari selama empat minggu dapat menurunkan aktifitas katalase hati tikus galur wistar. Penambahan vitamin C 0,05mg/g BB/hari dan 0,075 mg/g BB/hari pada tikus yang terpapar ion Pb menunjukan peningkatan aktifitas katalase hati tikus galur wistar. Berdasarkan uji T berpasangan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara aktifitas katalase hati tikus galur wistar yang tidak terpapar ion Pb dengan terpapar ion Pb (p = 0,005 atau p < 0,05). Pemberian vitamin C pada tikus galur wistar yang terpapar ion Pb secara statistik dengan uji one way Anova tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikansi (p = 0,143 atau p > 0,05). Namun pada post hocx test terdapat pengaruh pemberian vitamin C 0,075 mg/g BB/hari pada tikus yang terpapar ion Pb, dengan p = 0,053 atau p = 0,05.Kata kunci: Aktifitas Katalase, Vitamin C, Ion PbAbstractThe presence of heavy metals such as Pb can produce a free radical, it will also be able to decrease the availability of the body's antioxidants. Vitamin C is a non-enzymatic antioxidants, natural compounds that are strong antioxidants and free radical binding. This study to determine the Effect of Vitamin C to catalase activity of rat-wistar strain-liver. The purpose of which Exposed Pb ions, carried out in the laboratory of Pharmacology of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Unand. Research conducted on wistar strain rats, three months old, weight + 200 grams, which totaling 28 tails. The result was exposure of Pb ions 0.05 mg / g BW / day for four weeks decreases catalase activity rat’s-wistar-strain liver. The addition of vitamin C 0,05mg / g BW / day and 0.075 mg / g bw / day in exposed rats to Pb ions showed increased levels of catalase activity rat’s-wistar-strain liver. The result of the paired t test there was difference significantly between liver catalase activity rat’s-wistar-strain liver were not exposed to Pb ions (p = 0.005 or p < 0.05). Administration of vitamin C were exposed to Pb ion statistically by one-way ANOVA test there was no significant effect ( p = 0.143 or p > 0.05 ) . But in the post hocx test the effect of vitamin C contained 0.075 mg / g bw / day in rats exposed to Pb ions, with p = 0.053 or p = 0.05Keywords: Catalase Activity, Vitamin C, Pb ions.

Download Full-text

Sampling and analysis of the air-water interface with SEM and EDS of microlayers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100157000 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 1004-1005

Author(s):

Randall W. Smith ◽

John Dash

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Microlayer ◽

Surface Films ◽

Water Interface ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

Eds Analysis ◽

Air Water Interface ◽

Significant Area ◽

Bulk Chemical

The structure of the air-water interface forms a boundary layer that involves biological ,chemical geological and physical processes in its formation. Freshwater and sea surface microlayers form at the air-water interface and include a diverse assemblage of organic matter, detritus, microorganisms, plankton and heavy metals. The sampling of microlayers and the examination of components is presently a significant area of study because of the input of anthropogenic materials and their accumulation at the air-water interface. The neustonic organisms present in this environment may be sensitive to the toxic components of these inputs. Hardy reports that over 20 different methods have been developed for sampling of microlayers, primarily for bulk chemical analysis. We report here the examination of microlayer films for the documentation of structure and composition.Baier and Gucinski reported the use of Langmuir-Blogett films obtained on germanium prisms for infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR-ATR) of components. The sampling of microlayers has been done by collecting fi1ms on glass plates and teflon drums, We found that microlayers could be collected on 11 mm glass cover slips by pulling a Langmuir-Blogett film from a surface microlayer. Comparative collections were made on methylcel1ulose filter pads. The films could be air-dried or preserved in Lugol's Iodine Several slicks or surface films were sampled in September, 1987 in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and in August, 1988 in Sequim Bay, Washington, For glass coverslips the films were air-dried, mounted on SEM pegs, ringed with colloidal silver, and sputter coated with Au-Pd, The Langmuir-Blogett film technique maintained the structure of the microlayer intact for examination, SEM observation and EDS analysis were then used to determine organisms and relative concentrations of heavy metals, using a Link AN 10000 EDS system with an ISI SS40 SEM unit. Typical heavy microlayer films are shown in Figure 3.

Download Full-text

Heavy Metals in the Environment: Origin, Interaction and Remediation

10.1016/s1573-4285(05)x8019-x ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals

Download Full-text

Trans-resveratrol supplement lowers lipid peroxidation responses of exercise in male Wistar rats

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000654 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Masoud Nasiri ◽

Saja Ahmadizad ◽

Mehdi Hedayati ◽

Tayebe Zarekar ◽

Mehdi Seydyousefi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Acute Response ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

And Control

Abstract. Physical exercise increases free radicals production; antioxidant supplementation may improve the muscle fiber’s ability to scavenge ROS and protect muscles against exercise-induced oxidative damage. This study was designed to examine the effects of all-trans resveratrol supplementation as an antioxidant to mediate anti-oxidation and lipid per-oxidation responses to exercise in male Wistar rats. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal number (n = 16) including training + supplement (TS), training (T), supplement (S) and control (C) group. The rats in TS and S groups received a dose of 10 mg/kg resveratrol per day via gavage. The training groups ran on a rodent treadmill 5 times per week at the speed of 10 m/min for 10 min; the speed gradually increased to 30 m/min for 60 minutes at the end of 12th week. The acute phase of exercise protocol included a speed of 25 m/min set to an inclination of 10° to the exhaustion point. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activity, non-enzymatic antioxidants bilirubin, uric acid, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured after the exercise termination. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that endurance training caused a significant increase in MDA level [4.5 ± 0.75 (C group) vs. 5.9 ± 0.41 nmol/l (T group)] whereas it decreased the total antioxidant capacity [8.5 ± 1.35 (C group) vs. 7.1 ± 0.55 mmol/l (T group)] (p = 0.001). In addition, GPx and CAT decreased but not significantly (p > 0.05). The training and t-resveratrol supplementation had no significant effect on the acute response of all variables except MDA [4.3 ± 1.4 (C group) vs. 4.0 ± 0.90 nmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.001) and TAC [8.5 ± 0.90 (C group) vs. 6.6 ± 0.80 mmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.004). It was concluded that resveratrol supplementation may prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation.

Download Full-text