Tuning Strategies to control the sulfide concentration Using a pS Electrode in the IFB Reactor

2022 ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Denys Kristalia Villa Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Sulfide Concentration

Abiotic reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in the presence of sulfide minerals under anoxic conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Jiayang ◽  
Makram T. Suidan ◽  
Albert D. Venosa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Sulfide Minerals ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Abiotic Reduction

Abiotic reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) in the presence of sulfide minerals has been investigated under anoxic conditions at 35°C. 2,4-DNT was abiotically reduced to 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT) and 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) in the presence of high concentration of sulfide (0.84 mM). No abiotic reduction of 2,4-DNT was observed in the presence of low sulfide concentration (0.42 mM). The rate and the extent of the abiotic reduction of 2,4-DNT were increased with an increase in sulfide concentration. Sulfide served as an electron donor for the reduction of 2,4-DNT. The 2-nitro group was preferentially reduced, making the 2-A-4-NT:4-A-2-NT ratio in the final products 2:1. The addition of iron, nickel, and cobalt minerals significantly enhanced the abiotic reduction. The FeS, NiS, and CoS solids formed in the serum bottles catalyzed the reduction of 2,4-DNT preferentially to 4-A-2-NT. MnS and CuS solids also catalyzed the reduction of 2,4-DNT to 4-A-2-NT, but did not change the overall reduction of 2,4-DNT. However, the presence of calcium, zinc, and magnesium minerals impeded 2,4-DNT reduction. The calcium, zinc, and magnesium ions have a high affinity to sulfide, inactivating sulfide as an electron donor for the chemical reduction of 2,4-DNT.

scholarly journals PSIX-9 Impacts of bunk management on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, hydrogen sulfide concentration and blood oxygen saturation in steers fed 25 or 50% modified distillers grains plus solubles

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 422-422
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Moore ◽  
Cierrah J Kassetas ◽  
Leslie A LeKatz ◽  
Bryan W Neville
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Arterial Blood

Abstract One hundred and twenty-six yearling angus steers (initial body weight 445.87 ± 7.13 kg) were utilized in a 2 x 2 factorial design to evaluate the impacts of bunk management and modified distillers grains plus solubles (mDGS) inclusion on feedlot performance, hydrogen sulfide concentrations and blood oxygen saturation. Treatments included bunk management strategy either control bunk management (CON; clean bunks at the time of next day’s feeding) or long bunk management (LONG; feed remaining at time of next day’s feeding), and two inclusion rates of mDGS either 25% or 50% (DM Basis). On d 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 rumen gas samples were collected via rumenocentesis, and arterial blood samples were collected on two steers from each pen. No differences (P ≥ 0.09) were observed for dry matter intake, average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio for bunk management or mDGS inclusion. Hot carcass weight, ribeye area, marbling score and quality grade were not affected (P ≥ 0.48) by either bunk management or mDGS inclusion. Back fat was greater (P = 0.04) for CON steers compared to LONG (1.30 vs 1.12 ± 0.05cm, respectively), but was not affected (P = 0.59) by mDGS inclusion. Steers on CON had greater (P = 0.03) yield grades compared to LONG (3.21 vs 2.96 ± 0.11, respectively). Bunk management strategy did not impact hydrogen sulfide concentrations or blood oxygen saturation (P = 0.82). Hydrogen sulfide concentrations increased (P < 0.001) with increasing mDGS inclusion. Blood oxygen saturation was influenced by day of sampling (P = 0.01). Blood oxygen saturation was not affected (P = 0.07) by mDGS inclusion. The fact that ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations increased while blood oxygen saturation remained similar raises questions about the quantity of hydrogen sulfide and metabolic fate of excess hydrogen sulfide in the blood of ruminant animals.

scholarly journals Formation of Iron Sulfides on Carbon Steel in a Specific Cement Grout Designed for Radioactive Waste Repository and Associated Corrosion Mechanisms

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3563
Author(s):  
Mathieu Robineau ◽  
Valérie Deydier ◽  
Didier Crusset ◽  
Alexandre Bellefleur ◽  
Delphine Neff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Product Layer ◽  
Cement Grout ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
A Minor

Carbon steel coupons were buried in a specific low-pH cement grout designed for radioactive waste disposal and left 6 months in anoxic conditions at 80 °C. The corrosion product layers were analyzed by µ-Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM. They proved to be mainly composed of iron sulfides, with magnetite as a minor phase, mixed with components of the grout. Average corrosion rates were estimated by weight loss measurements between 3 and 6 µm yr−1. Corrosion profiles revealed local degradations with a depth up to 10 µm. It is assumed that the heterogeneity of the corrosion product layer, mainly composed of conductive compounds (FeS, Fe3S4, and Fe3O4), promotes the persistence of corrosion cells that may lead to locally aggravated degradations of the metal. New cement grouts, characterized by a slightly higher pH and a lower sulfide concentration, should then be designed for the considered application.

scholarly journals Microbiological Sulfide Removal—From Microorganism Isolation to Treatment of Industrial Effluent

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Zhendong Yang ◽  
Zhenghua Liu ◽  
Aleksandra Sklodowska ◽  
Marcin Musialowski ◽  
Tomasz Bajda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Sulfide Removal

Management of excessive aqueous sulfide is one of the most significant challenges of treating effluent after biological sulfate reduction for metal recovery from hydrometallurgical leachate. The main objective of this study was to characterize and verify the effectiveness of a sulfide-oxidizing bacterial (SOB) consortium isolated from post-mining wastes for sulfide removal from industrial leachate through elemental sulfur production. The isolated SOB has a complete sulfur-oxidizing metabolic system encoded by sox genes and is dominated by the Arcobacter genus. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of elemental sulfur in the collected sediment during cultivation of the SOB in synthetic medium under controlled physicochemical conditions. The growth yield after three days of cultivation reached ~2.34 gprotein/molsulfid, while approximately 84% of sulfide was transformed into elemental sulfur after 5 days of incubation. Verification of isolated SOB on the industrial effluent confirmed that it can be used for effective sulfide concentration reduction (~100% reduced from the initial 75.3 mg/L), but for complete leachate treatment (acceptable for discharged limits), bioaugmentation with other bacteria is required to ensure adequate reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD).

scholarly journals Mechanisms of passivation and chloride-induced corrosion of mild steel in sulfide-containing alkaline solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shishir Mundra ◽  
John L. Provis
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Chloride Induced Corrosion ◽  
Alkaline Sulfide ◽  
High Sulfide

AbstractThe pore fluid within many concretes is highly alkaline and rich in reduced sulfur species, but the influence of such alkaline-sulfide solutions on the surface film formed on steel reinforcement is poorly understood. This study investigates the critical role of HS− in defining mild steel passivation chemistry. The surface film formed on the steel in alkaline-sulfide solutions contains Fe(OH)2 and Fe–S complexes, and the critical chloride concentration to induce corrosion increases at high sulfide concentration. However, this behavior is dependent on the duration of exposure of the steel to the electrolyte, and the nature of the sulfidic surface layer.

Effects of Sulfide Concentration and Dissolved Organic Matter Characteristics on the Structure of Nanocolloidal Metacinnabar

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (22) ◽  
pp. 13133-13142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A. Poulin ◽  
Chase A. Gerbig ◽  
Christopher S. Kim ◽  
John P. Stegemeier ◽  
Joseph N. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Sulfide Concentration

scholarly journals Enhanced Hydrocarbons Biodegradation at Deep-Sea Hydrostatic Pressure with Microbial Electrochemical Snorkels

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Federico Aulenta ◽  
Enza Palma ◽  
Ugo Marzocchi ◽  
Carolina Cruz Viggi ◽  
Simona Rossetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Toxicity Factor ◽  
Remote Environment ◽  
Additional Limitation ◽  
Oxide Sulfate

In anaerobic sediments, microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is limited by the rapid depletion of electron acceptors (e.g., ferric oxide, sulfate) and accumulation of toxic metabolites (e.g., sulfide, following sulfate reduction). Deep-sea sediments are increasingly impacted by oil contamination, and the elevated hydrostatic pressure (HP) they are subjected to represents an additional limitation for microbial metabolism. While the use of electrodes to support electrobioremediation in oil-contaminated sediments has been described, there is no evidence on their applicability for deep-sea sediments. Here, we tested a passive bioelectrochemical system named ”oil-spill snorkel” with two crude oils carrying different alkane contents (4 vs. 15%), at increased or ambient HP (10 vs. 0.1 MPa). Snorkels enhanced alkanes biodegradation at both 10 and 0.1 MPa within only seven weeks, as compared to nonconductive glass controls. Microprofiles in anaerobic, contaminated sediments indicated that snorkels kept sulfide concentration to low titers. Bulk-sediment analysis confirmed that sulfide oxidation by snorkels largely regenerated sulfate. Hence, the sole application of snorkels could eliminate a toxicity factor and replenish a spent electron acceptor at increased HP. Both aspects are crucial for petroleum decontamination of the deep sea, a remote environment featured by low metabolic activity.

Roots as a site of hydrogen sulfide uptake in the hydrocarbon seep vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia sp

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (17) ◽  
pp. 2245-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Julian ◽  
F. Gaill ◽  
E. Wood ◽  
A.J. Arp ◽  
C.R. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Hydrocarbon Seep ◽  
Respiratory Organ ◽  
Root Tube

Vestimentiferan tubeworms have no mouth or gut, and the majority of their nutritional requirements are provided by endosymbiotic bacteria that utilize hydrogen sulfide oxidation to fix CO(2) into organic molecules. It has been assumed that all vestimentiferans obtain the sulfide, O(2) and CO(2) needed by the bacteria across the plume (gill) surface, but some live in locations where very little sulfide is available in the sea water surrounding the plume. We propose that at least some of these vestimentiferans can grow a posterior extension of their body and tube down into the sea-floor sediment, and that they can use this extension, which we call the ‘root’, to take up sulfide directly from the interstitial water. In this study of the vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia sp., found at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico at depths of approximately 700 m, we measured seawater and interstitial sulfide concentrations in the hydrocarbon seep habitat, determined the structural characteristics of the root tube using transmission electron microscopy, characterized the biochemical composition of the tube wall, and measured the sulfide permeability of the root tube. We found that, while the sulfide concentration is less than 1 (μ)mol l(−)(1) in the sea water surrounding the gills, it can be over 1.5 mmol l(−)(1) at a depth of 10–25 cm in sediment beneath tubeworm bushes. The root tube is composed primarily of giant (β)-chitin crystallites (12–30 % of total mass) embedded in a protein matrix (50 % of total mass). Root tubes have a mean diameter of 1.4 mm, a mean wall thickness of 70 (μ)m and can be over 20 cm long. The tubeworm itself typically extends its body to the distal tip of the root tube. The root tube wall was quite permeable to sulfide, having a permeability coefficient at 20 degrees C of 0. 41×10(−)(3)cm s(−)(1), with root tube being 2.5 times more permeable to sulfide than trunk tube of the same diameter. The characteristics of the root suggest that it reaches down to the higher sulfide levels present in the deeper sediment and that it functions to increase the surface area available for sulfide uptake in a manner analogous to a respiratory organ.

scholarly journals Effect of abiotic factors on sulfidogenic activity of bacteria Desulfuromonas sp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
O. M. Сhaіka ◽  
T. B. Peretyatko
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Sulfur Concentration ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration

Sulfur-reducing bacteria are promising agents for the development of new methods of wastewater treatment with the removal of ions of heavy metals and organic compounds. Study of the effect of various environmental factors on the growth and sulfidogenic activity of sulfur-reducing bacteria allows one to investigate the adaptability of these microorganisms to stress factors. The paper deals with the effect of рН, different concentrations of elemental sulfur, hydrogen sulfide and presence of various electron acceptors on the growth and sulfidogenic activity of bacteria Desulfuromonas sp. YSDS-3. The calculation of C/S ratio for sulfur-reducing bacteria Desulfuromonas sp. YSDS-3 was made, with the comparison with similar parameters of sulfate-reducing bacteria. In the medium with elemental sulfur, concentration of hydrogen sulfide increased with the concentration of elemental sulfur. Bacteria Desulfuromonas sp. YSDS-3 accumulated their biomass in the most effective way at the concentration of elemental sulfur of 10–100 mM. In the medium with polysulfide form of sulfur at the neutral pH, bacteria produced hydrogen sulfide and accumulated biomass the best. Hydrogen sulfide at the concentration of 3 mM did not inhibit the bacterial growth, but further increase in the hydrogen sulfide concentration inhibited the growth of bacteria. The bacteria did not grow at the hydrogen sulfide concentration of 25 mM and above. As the concentration of elemental sulfur and cell density increases, sulfidogenic activity of the bacteria grows. Presence of two electron acceptors (S and K2Cr2O7, S and MnO2, S and Fe (III)) did not affect the accumulation of biomass of the bacteria Desulfuromonas sp. YSDS-3. However, under such conditions the bacteria accumulated 1.5–2.5 times less hydrogen sulfide than in the test medium. After 12–24 h of cultivation, different concentrations of elemental sulfur had a significant effect on the sulfidogenic activity. However, during 3–16 days of cultivation, the percentage of effect of elemental sulfur concentration decreased to 31%, while the percentage of effect of cell density increased threefold. Presence in the medium of the electron acceptors (Cr (VI), MnO2, Fe (III)) alternative to elemental sulfur led to a significant decrease in the content of hydrogen sulfide produced by sulfur-reducing bacteria.

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