Surfactants Based on Renewable Raw Materials

Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are important representatives of polyols. On an industrial scale, they are obtained from petrochemical raw materials. Within a decade, significant efforts were made for the producing of polyols from biologically renewable raw materials - carbohydrates. The general trend for carbohydrate hydrogenolysis includes application of liquid-phase process with the use of modified metal-oxide catalysts, at 120-120 ° C and pressure of 3MPa or above. So high pressure is used for the reason to increase hydrogen solubility, and also due to the high partial pressure of low boiling solvents. We supposed that usage of high boiling solvents could allow hydrogenolysis to be performed at the lower pressure. Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are of particular interest as such kind of solvent since they are both the main products of glucose hydrogenolysis. In this work, the process of hydrogenolysis of glucose and fructose over Cu / MgO-ZrO2 catalyst have been studied at temperature range of 160-200 °C and a pressure of 0.1-0.3 MPa in a flow reactor. The solvents were simultaneously the target products of the reaction - ethylene glycol and / or propylene glycol. Gas chromatography and 13C NMR were used for the reaction products identification. It was found that the solubility of glucose in propylene glycol is 21 % by weight, and in ethylene glycol 62% by weight. It was pointed out that the process of hydrogenolysis can take place at a pressure close to atmospheric. Under these conditions, the conversion of hexoses reaches 96-100 %. The reaction products are preferably propylene glycol and ethylene glycol. The total selectivity for C3-2 polyols is 90-94 %, that is higher than in the hydrogenolysis of glucose in aqueous solution.

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Organizational, technical and economic fundamentals of waste management and monitoring

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202016408031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 164 ◽

pp. 08031

Author(s):

Evgeniy Velichko ◽

Edward Tshovrebov ◽

Ural Niyazgulov

Keyword(s):

Legal Status ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Economic Regulation ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Renewable Raw Materials ◽

Secondary Resources ◽

Secondary Raw Materials ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Level Of Use ◽

Goals And Objectives

The article deals with issues of monitoring, planning, organizational and technical support, economic regulation and improving the efficiency of the infrastructure for processing, recycling and disposal of waste, resource conservation and management of secondary resources, their use as secondary raw materials for production, services, work and power generation. The Russian Federation has significant potential for economic growth due to the efficient use of secondary resources from billions of tons of generated production and consumption waste annually. These ecologically unsafe anthropogenic objects can be characterized as a source of valuable renewable raw materials, material and fuel and energy resources. However, the scale and level of use of various types of secondary resources are characterized by considerable unevenness and depend on the demand for secondary raw materials, the resource value of the waste, the environmental situation arising from treating them as environmental polluters, on the real economic conditions that determine the profitability of each specific type. economic activities that use secondary resources for the manufacture of products, works, services, energy production. The methods of monitoring the industry for the treatment, disposal and disposal of waste are: information-analytical, information-statistical, sociological, geo-information. The legal status of the monitoring system of the industry for the treatment, disposal and disposal of waste is determined by the limitations of its functionality within the framework of the goals and objectives facing it.

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97/01299 Process and device for energy production from renewable raw materials

Fuel and Energy Abstracts ◽

10.1016/s0140-6701(97)83076-7 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 103

Keyword(s):

Energy Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Renewable Raw Materials

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Palm Olein as Renewable Raw Materials for Industrial and Pharmaceutical Products Applications: Chemical Characterization and Physicochemical Properties Studies

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/134063 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Darfizzi Derawi ◽

Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah ◽

Hasniza Zaman Huri ◽

Rahimi M. Yusop ◽

Jumat Salimon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Modification ◽

Palm Olein ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Viscosity Index ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Renewable Raw Materials ◽

Modification Process

Palm olein (POo) is widely produced as edible oil in tropical countries. POois considered as renewable raw material for the new industrial and pharmaceutical products synthesis based on its characterization. Palm olein was good on its viscosity index, oxidative stability, and flash and fire point. POocontained unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs): POO (33.3%); POP (29.6%) which plays an important role in chemical modification process to produce new industrial products. The double bond was detected on1H-NMR (5.3 ppm) and13C-NMR (130 ppm) spectra. The chemical compositions of POowere tested by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) techniques. This unsaturated oil is potentially to be used as renewable raw materials in chemical modification process to synthesise polyols, polyurethane, and biolubricant for industrial and pharmaceutical products application.

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The role of catalysis in the synthesis of polyurethane foams based on renewable raw materials

Catalysis Today ◽

10.1016/j.cattod.2013.11.054 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 148-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Sylwia Dworakowska ◽

Dariusz Bogdał ◽

Federica Zaccheria ◽

Nicoletta Ravasio

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Renewable Raw Materials

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A Review of Carbon Dots Produced from Biomass Wastes

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10112316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2316

Author(s):

Chao Kang ◽

Ying Huang ◽

Hui Yang ◽

Xiu Fang Yan ◽

Zeng Ping Chen

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dots ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Good Choice ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Renewable Raw Materials ◽

Wide Availability ◽

Low Cytotoxicity ◽

Synthetic Approaches

The fluorescent carbon dot is a novel type of carbon nanomaterial. In comparison with semiconductor quantum dots and fluorescence organic agents, it possesses significant advantages such as excellent photostability and biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity and easy surface functionalization, which endow it a wide application prospect in fields of bioimaging, chemical sensing, environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis and photocatalysis as well. Biomass waste is a good choice for the production of carbon dots owing to its abundance, wide availability, eco-friendly nature and a source of low cost renewable raw materials such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, carbohydrates and proteins, etc. This paper reviews the main sources of biomass waste, the feasibility and superiority of adopting biomass waste as a carbon source for the synthesis of carbon dots, the synthetic approaches of carbon dots from biomass waste and their applications. The advantages and deficiencies of carbon dots from biomass waste and the major influencing factors on their photoluminescence characteristics are summarized and discussed. The challenges and perspectives in the synthesis of carbon dots from biomass wastes are also briefly outlined.

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Renewable Raw Materials

10.1002/9783527634194 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Renewable Raw Materials

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A binary solvent for the simultaneous Calophyllum oil-resin extraction and purification

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/30/2018-rae ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 63-69

Author(s):

Ika Amalia Kartika ◽

Oky Tresia Ordian Bernia ◽

Illah Sailah ◽

Tirto Prakoso ◽

Yohanes Aris Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Acid Value ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Binary Solvent ◽

Renewable Raw Materials ◽

Efficient Energy ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Extraction And Purification

Sustainable biodiesel production can be realised by the use of a low-cost feedstock, efficient energy and renewable raw materials. The simultaneous Calophyllum oil-resin extraction and its purification using a binary solvent (n-hexane mixed with alcohol) were examined to meet those aspects. The extraction conditions effect was investigated to determine the optimal oil yield and quality. n-Hexane mixed with alcohol was extracted and purified effectively the oil from Calophyllum seeds. The oil yield and its quality were mainly affected by the n-hexane-to-alcohol ratio. The oil yield enhanced as the n-hexane-to-alcohol ratio enlarged from 1:1 to 2.5:1. The acid value and density of the oil improved as the n-hexane-to-alcohol ratio declined from 2.5:1 to 1:1. The n-Hexane-to-alcohol ratio of 2.5:1 provided the best yield (59%) of the oil extracted at 40°C for 5 hours. The oil presented its best quality at 0.893 g·cm<sup>–3</sup> of density, 41.0 mPa·s of viscosity, 8.8 mg KOH·g<sup>–1</sup> of the acid value, 88.3 g per 100 g of the iodine value, < 1% of moisture content and < 0.04% of ash content. The oil also had an inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

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