Treatment and Management of Low Quality Water for Irrigation

2018 ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Aamer Maqsood ◽  
Abdul Ghafoor
Keyword(s):  
Quality Water

TEKNOLOGI PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM UNTUK KEADAAN TANGGAP DARURAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Ultra Filtration ◽  
Quality Water

In the event of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, floods and droughts, water occupies a key role in disaster relief. The presence of water is important for drinking, cooking and support the refugee areas of environmental sanitation and avoiding disaster victims of diseases waterborn disease. Water problem in disaster conditions may occur partly as a result: the disturbance of water sources because change of water quality, to become turbid or salty, the destruction of a piping system, treatment plant damage, disruption of distribution systems, or the scarcity of water in evacuation areas. Introduction of water quality becomes important to determine which process technology will be used and saved investments in emergency conditions. Priority handling of clean water usually comes first in the refugee areas with communal system, because the need of water for bathing, washing and toilet is big enough, while for a drink in the early events during disaster dominated by bottled water, but for their long-term, they have to boil water. For remote areas and difficult to reach individuals who usually use  system more simple and easily operated. Water Supply Technology for emergency response has the characteristic 1). Able to operate with all sorts of water conditions (flexible adaptable), 2). Can be operated easily, 3). Does not require much maintenance, 4). Little use of chemicals, and 5). Portable and easy removable (Mobile System). Keywords :  Water Quality, Water Treatment Technology, Drinking Water, Emergency Response, filtration, ceramic filtration, Ultra filtration, Reverse Osmosis, Ultraviolet Sterilizer, Ozonizer, Disinfection.

Assessment of a water filtration device for household use in rural communities in Mexico

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Galván ◽  
J. de Victorica
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Rural Mexico ◽  
Quality Water

Epidemiological studies in rural Mexico have shown the role of poor quality water in gastrointestinal disease incidence. This led to the establishment of a program, which included the assessment of inexpensive systems for household treatment of drinking water. We describe the main features of a hand carved stone filter evaluated over 6 months under laboratory conditions and 6 months under household conditions. The filter had a capacity of 5L and an average volume of 18L/d filtered water (the temperature of which was always an average 4°C lower than the influent). Average bacterial removals under laboratory conditions were 98% for total and faecal coliforms (TC, FC), 96% for faecal streptococci (FS), 99% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 100% for helminth eggs and protozoan cysts. During the field evaluation removals were 80–100% TC, 45–95% FC and 8–93% FS due to the different qualities of influent water and the operation conditions. Nevertheless, the filters represented an immediate mitigation measure of the health risks associated with the continuous ingestion of microbiologically unsafe waters.

scholarly journals 264 Effects of Water Quality on Nursery Pig Performance and Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Brigit Lozinski ◽  
Brent Frederick ◽  
Adrienne Hilbrands ◽  
Yuzhi Li ◽  
Milena Saqui-Salces ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumonia ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Water Treatments

Abstract Newly-weaned pigs (n = 450; age = 20 d) were used in a 40-d experiment to determine the effects of water quality on pig performance and health. Pigs were sourced from a single commercial sow farm that was negative for both Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus and Mycoplasma Pneumonia. Pigs were allotted randomly to 45 pens (10 pigs/pen) and pens were assigned to 1 of 3 water treatments that provided water of differing quality. Waters were selected to represent a wide range of perceived water quality. Water quality was determined based on concentration of analytes including sulfates (1,120; 617; 2 ppm), iron (5.4; 5.2; 1.3 ppm), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS; 1,500; 1,050; 348 ppm), hardness (1,410; 909; 235 mg Eq CaCO3/L), magnesium (171; 91; 21 ppm) and sodium (64; 37; 29 ppm) for waters A, B, and C, respectively. Pigs were housed in an environmentally controlled, power ventilated, confinement nursery barn and were allowed ad libitum access to a common three-phase diet and water across all water treatments. Weekly ADG, ADFI, and G:F were measured and subjective scour score (1=solid feces to 4=liquid feces) was recorded daily through day 7. Data for pig growth performance were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX with water quality as a fixed effect and pen served as the experimental unit. There were no differences among treatments in ADG, ADFI, and G:F (Table 1). Number of pigs treated with antibiotics throughout the experiment did not differ among treatments as determined by Chi-Square analysis. Average subjective scour score on day 7 of the experiment also did not differ among treatments. In conclusion, performance and health of nursery pigs as measured in this experiment were not influenced by the differing water qualities studied.

Characterization of putative salinity-responsive biomarkers in olive (Olea europaea L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Monther T. Sadder ◽  
Ahmad F. Ateyyeh ◽  
Hodayfah Alswalmah ◽  
Adel M. Zakri ◽  
Abdullah A. Alsadon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Quality Water

Abstract Low-quality water and soil salinization are increasingly becoming limiting factors for food production, including olive – a major fruit crop in several parts of the world. Identifying putative salinity-stress tolerance in olive would be helpful in the future development of new tolerant varieties. In this study, novel salinity-responsive biomarkers (SRBs) were characterized in the species, namely, monooxygenase 1 (OeMO1), cation calcium exchanger 1 (OeCCX1), salt tolerance protein (OeSTO), proteolipid membrane potential modulator (OePMP3), universal stress protein (OeUSP2), adaptor protein complex 4 medium mu4 subunit (OeAP-4), WRKY1 transcription factor (OeWRKY1) and potassium transporter 2 (OeKT2). Unique structural features were highlighted for encoded proteins as compared with other plant homologues. The expression of olive SRBs was investigated in leaves of young plantlets of two cultivars, ‘Nabali’ (moderately tolerant) and ‘Picual’ (tolerant). At 60 mM NaCl stress level, OeMO1, OeSTO, OePMP3, OeUSP2, OeAP-4 and OeWRKY1 were up-regulated in ‘Nabali’ as compared with ‘Picual’. On the other hand, OeCCX1 and OeKT2 were up-regulated at three stress levels (30, 60 and 90 mM NaCl) in ‘Picual’ as compared to ‘Nabali’. Salinity tolerance in olive presumably engages multiple sets of responsive genes triggered by different stress levels.

Rapid, selective capture of toxic oxo-anions of Se(iv), Se(vi) and As(v) from water by an ionic metal–organic framework (iMOF)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Sharma ◽  
Sumanta Let ◽  
Aamod V. Desai ◽  
Subhajit Dutta ◽  
Gopalsamy Karuppasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Oxo Anions ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Drinking Quality ◽  
Organic Framework

Fast, selective capture of oxoanions of selenium [Se(iv), Se(vi)] and arsenic [As(v)] by a chemically stable cationic MOF, viz. iMOF-3C, is reported. The compound successfully yields drinking quality water from complicated matrix including river water.

scholarly journals A Perspective on the Application of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Detection and Water Treatment

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1651
Author(s):  
Cristina Arqueros ◽  
Félix Zamora ◽  
Carmen Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Covalent Organic Frameworks ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Water Detection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quality Water

Global population growth and water resource scarcity are significant social problems currently being studied by many researchers focusing on finding new materials for water treatment. The aim is to obtain quality water suitable for drinking and industrial consumption. In this sense, an emergent class of crystalline porous materials known as Covalent-Organic Frameworks (COFs) offers a wide range of possibilities since their structures can be designed on demand for specific applications. Indeed, in the last decade, many efforts have been made for their use in water treatment. This perspective article aims to overview the state-of-the-art COFs collecting the most recent results in the field for water detection of pollutants and water treatment. After the introduction, where we overview the classical design strategies on COF design and synthesis for obtaining chemically stable COFs, we summarize the different experimental methodologies used for COFs processing in the form of supported and free-standing membranes and colloids. Finally, we describe the use of COFs in processes involving the detection of pollutants in water and wastewater treatment, such as the capture of organic compounds, heavy metals, and dyes, the degradation of organic pollutants, as well as in desalination processes. Finally, we provide a perspective on the field and the potential technological use of these novel materials.

scholarly journals Evaluating the groundwater quality of Damodar Fan Delta (India) using fuzzy-AHP MCDM technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadik Mahammad ◽  
Aznarul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Fan Delta ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Groundwater Quantity

AbstractIn recent years, groundwater pollution has become increasingly a serious environmental problem throughout the world due to increasing dependency on it for various purposes. The Damodar Fan Delta is one of the agriculture-dominated areas in West Bengal especially for rice cultivation and it has a serious constraint regarding groundwater quantity and quality. The present study aims to evaluate the groundwater quality parameters and spatial variation of groundwater quality index (GWQI) for 2019 using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method. The 12 water quality parameters such as pH, TDS, iron (Fe−) and fluoride (F−), major anions (SO42−, Cl−, NO3−, and HCO3−), and cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+) for the 29 sample wells of the study area were used for constructing the GWQI. This study used the FAHP method to define the weights of the different parameters for the GWQI. The results reveal that the bicarbonate content of 51% of sample wells exceeds the acceptable limit of drinking water, which is maximum in the study area. Furthermore, higher concentrations of TDS, pH, fluoride, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and sodium are found in few locations while nitrate and sulfate contents of all sample wells fall under the acceptable limits. The result shows that 13.79% of the samples are excellent, 68.97% of the samples are very good, 13.79% of the samples are poor, and 3.45% of the samples are very poor for drinking purposes. Moreover, it is observed that very poor quality water samples are located in the eastern part and the poor water wells are located in the northwestern and eastern part while excellent water quality wells are located in the western and central part of the study area. The understanding of the groundwater quality can help the policymakers for the proper management of water resources in the study area.

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