Role of Postabsorptive Endocrine Factors on Human Feeding and Regulation of Body Adiposity

2008 ◽  
pp. 235-252
Author(s):  
Karen Teff ◽  
Chirag Kapadia
Keyword(s):  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Endocrine Factors

The Role of Periadventitial Fat in Atherosclerosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Vela ◽  
L. Maximilian Buja ◽  
Mohammad Madjid ◽  
Alan Burke ◽  
Morteza Naghavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Vessel Remodeling ◽  
Macrophage Density ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Omental Fat ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Context.—It has become increasingly evident that adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that produces and secretes multiple paracrine and endocrine factors. Research into obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes has identified a proinflammatory state associated with obesity. Substantial differences between subcutaneous and omental fat have been noted, including the fact that omental fat produces relatively more inflammatory cytokines. Periadventitial fat, as a specific adipose tissue subset, has been overlooked in the field of atherosclerosis despite its potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Objective.—To review (1) evidence for the role of adventitial and periadventitial fat in vessel remodeling after injury, (2) the relationship between adventitial inflammation and atherosclerosis, (3) the association between periadventitial fat and plaque inflammation, and (4) the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these roles and relationships for the progression of atherosclerosis. Data Sources.—We present new data showing greater uptake of iron, administered in the form of superparamagnetic iron oxide, in the periadventitial fat of atherosclerotic mice than in control mice. In addition, macrophage density in the periadventitial fat of lipid-rich plaques is increased compared with fibrocalcific plaques. Conclusions.—There is a striking paucity of data on the relationship between the periadventitial fat of coronary arteries and atherosclerosis. Greater insight into this relationship might be instrumental in making strides into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of coronary artery disease.

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms for the Bone Response to Mechanical Loading

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (s1) ◽  
pp. S128-S136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Flow ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
Osteogenic Response ◽  
Mechanical Signal ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
Key Steps

To define the cellular and molecular mechanisms for the osteogenic response of bone to increased loading, several key steps must be defined: sensing of the mechanical signal by cells in bone, transduction of the mechanical signal to a biochemical one, and transmission of that biochemical signal to effector cells. Osteocytes are likely to serve as sensors of loading, probably via interstitial fluid flow produced during loading. Evidence is presented for the role of integrins, the cell’s actin cytoskeleton, G proteins, and various intracellular signaling pathways in transducing that mechanical signal to a biochemical one. Nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and insulin-like growth factors all play important roles in these pathways. There is growing evidence for modulation of these mechanotransduction steps by endocrine factors, particularly parathyroid hormone and estrogen. The efficiency of this process is also impaired in the aged animal, yet what remains undefined is at what step mechanotransduction is affected.

scholarly journals Endocrinology of women sexual health

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Anna Igorevna Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Sexual Dysfunctions ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Endocrine Factors

The role of endocrine factors in general maintenance of female sexuality in different ages, sexual dysfunctions associated with endocrine disorders, their treatment and preventive measures are considered in the article. The attention was also concentrated to the effects of oral contraception and therapy with oestrogen and testosteron for women sexuality.

scholarly journals Role of endocrine factors and stem cells in skeletal muscle regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 371-384
Author(s):  
Barbara Morawin ◽  
Agnieszka Zembroń-Łacny
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Endocrine Factors

The process of reconstructing damaged skeletal muscles involves degeneration, inflammatory and immune responses, regeneration and reorganization, which are regulated by a number of immune-endocrine factors affecting muscle cells and satellite cells (SCs). One of these molecules is testosterone (T), which binds to the androgen receptor (AR) to initiate the expression of the muscle isoform of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1Ec). The interaction between T and IGF-1Ec stimulates the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscles by inhibiting apoptosis, enhancement of SCs proliferation and myoblasts differentiation. As a result of sarcopenia, muscle dystrophy or wasting diseases, the SCs population is significantly reduced. Regular physical exercise attenuates a decrease in SCs count, and thus elevates the regenerative potential of muscles in both young and elderly people. One of the challenges of modern medicine is the application of SCs and extracellular matrix scaffolds in regenerative and molecular medicine, especially in the treatment of degenerative diseases and post-traumatic muscle reconstruction. The aim of the study is to present current information on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of skeletal muscle regenera,tion, the role of testosterone and growth factors in the activation of SCs and the possibility of their therapeutic use in stimulating the reconstruction of damaged muscle fibers.

scholarly journals Can Lactobacillus spp. Be a Factor ReduciT gnhe Risk of Miscarriage?

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANETA KIECKA ◽  
BARBARA MACURA ◽  
MARIAN SZCZEPANIK
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Uterine Malformations ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
New Research ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Pregnancy loss is a common obstetric problem. Significant causes of miscarriage include genetic and epigenetic disorders of the embryo, immunological and endocrine factors, uterine malformations, improper embryo selection, and lifestyle. Perhaps a hitherto underappreciated cause of miscarriage may be an abnormal microbiota composition of the female reproductive system. Lactobacillus spp. is the most common bacteria within the reproductive tract. However, the protective role of Lactobacilli in the vagina has been well described in the literature, while it is still unknown what function Lactobacilli may have in the uterus. Moreover, new research shows that Lactobacillus spp. can have a role in miscarriage. However, both molecular and immunological mechanisms of host-Lactobacillus spp. interactions are not fully understood. Understanding these relationships will help address the importance and extent of the protective role of Lactobacillus spp. in miscarriage.

The role of maternal thyroid hormones in maintaining early pregnancy in threatened abortion

1992 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Maruo ◽  
Kazuaki Katayama ◽  
Hiroya Matuso ◽  
Mochamad Anwar ◽  
Matsuto Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Threatened Abortion ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
Maternal Thyroid

To evaluate a possible role of thyroid hormones in maintaining early pregnancy, serum levels of thyroid hormones, TSH and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in 32 patients with a clinical diagnosis of threatened abortion were compared between two groups of patients with favorable and unfavorable pregnancy outcome. Serum levels of T4, T3, free T4 and free T3 levels determined at the onset of clinical signs of threatened abortion were found to be significantly lower in patients (N = 11) who subsequently aborted compared to patients (N = 21) who did not. Serum TSH levels did not differ between the two groups. Serum TBG levels in the patients who subsequently aborted were lower compared to patients with favorable pregnancy outcome. Furthermore, serum levels of T4 and T3 at the onset of threatened abortion in patients who subsequently did not abort were significantly higher compared to levels before pregnancy, whereas little increase in serum T4 and T3 levels relative to the prepregnant levels was observed at the onset of clinical signs in the patients who subsequently aborted. These data imply a possible role of thyroid hormones in maintaining early pregnancy, and suggest that maternal serum level of thyroid hormone may be one of the endocrine factors responsible for the outcome of threatened abortion.

scholarly journals Endocrine, Lifestyle, and Genetic Factors in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorana Slanovic-Kuzmanović ◽  
Ivan Kos ◽  
Ana-Marija Domijan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Endocrine Factors

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic, multi-component disease characterised by central obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. Since MetS leads to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, development of certain cancers, and eventually to premature death, it is not surprising that it draws the attention of scientists around the world. The aetiopathology of MetS is complex and still not fully understood. This review focuses on the role of endocrine factors such as cortisol and insulin in the development of MetS. It also takes a look at some of the contributing lifestyle and genetic factors as well as at the current knowledge about its treatment.

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