scholarly journals Endocrine, Lifestyle, and Genetic Factors in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorana Slanovic-Kuzmanović ◽  
Ivan Kos ◽  
Ana-Marija Domijan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Endocrine Factors

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic, multi-component disease characterised by central obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. Since MetS leads to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, development of certain cancers, and eventually to premature death, it is not surprising that it draws the attention of scientists around the world. The aetiopathology of MetS is complex and still not fully understood. This review focuses on the role of endocrine factors such as cortisol and insulin in the development of MetS. It also takes a look at some of the contributing lifestyle and genetic factors as well as at the current knowledge about its treatment.

THE ROLE OF CENTRAL OBESITY AND MICROALBUMINURIA IN DEFINING RELATION BETWEEN METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
S. Foussas ◽  
D. Levisianou ◽  
A. Melidonis ◽  
E. Adamopoulou ◽  
A. Koutsovasilis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Defining Relation

Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and the Brain

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-136
Author(s):  
Olga Neyman ◽  
Tamara Hershey
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
The Brain

This chapter focuses on the neurocognitive effects of diabetes mellitus, particularly type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although many of the side effects of diabetes—such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy—are well known, the consequences on cognition have received comparatively little attention. These consequences will become more important as the rate of diabetes continues to rise at a staggering rate and millions of people are affected throughout the world. This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge on how diabetes mellitus affects cognitive function, emphasizing the role of hypo- and hyperglycemia, while placing it in the context of diabetes as a whole.

Role of genetic factors in the development of hypertension in young patients with metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Elena Korneeva ◽  
Mikhail Voevoda ◽  
Sergey Semaev ◽  
Vladimir Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Integrin Αiibβ3 ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Results of the study related to polymorphism of ACE gene (rs1799752)‎, integrin αIIbβ3, and CSK gene (rs1378942) influencing development of arterial hypertension in young patients with metabolic syndrome are presented. Hypertension as a component of the metabolic syndrome was detected in 15.0% of young patients. Prevalence of mutant alleles of the studied genes among the examined patients was quite high, so homozygous DD genotype was found in 21.6%, and mutant D allele of the ACE gene in 47.4%. A high risk of hypertension in patients with MS was detected in carriers of the T allele of the CSK (rs1378942) gene – 54.8%, which was most often observed in a combination of polymorphic ACE and CSK gene loci (p = 0.0053).

Metabolic Syndrome During Menopause

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezcan Mumusoglu ◽  
Bulent Okan Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Women

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises individual components including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The menopause per se increases the incidence of MetS in aging women. The effect(s) of menopause on individual components of MetS include: i) increasing central obesity with changes in the fat tissue distribution, ii) potential increase in insulin resistance, iii) changes in serum lipid concentrations, which seem to be associated with increasing weight rather than menopause itself, and, iv) an association between menopause and hypertension, although available data are inconclusive. With regard to the consequences of MetS during menopause, there is no consistent data supporting a causal relationship between menopause and CVD. However, concomitant MetS during menopause appears to increase the risk of CVD. Furthermore, despite the data supporting the association between early menopause and increased risk of T2DM, the association between natural menopause itself and risk of T2DM is not evident. However, the presence and the severity of MetS appears to be associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Although the mechanism is not clear, surgical menopause is strongly linked with a higher incidence of MetS. Interestingly, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of MetS during their reproductive years; however, with menopausal transition, the risk of MetS becomes similar to that of non-PCOS women.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Linked Cardiac Dysfunction: An Up-Date on Current Knowledge

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas ◽  
Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez ◽  
Alejandra Meza-Rios ◽  
Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez ◽  
Marina Galicia-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
White Adipocyte ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulation, and worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. Excess of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides in obese individuals promote ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, skeletal muscle tissue, and heart, among others, inducing insulin resistance, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2D), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These diseases are promoted by visceral white adipocyte tissue (WAT) dysfunction through an increase in pro-inflammatory adipokines, oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and adverse changes in the gut microbiome. In the heart, obesity and T2D induce changes in substrate utilization, tissue metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation, leading to myocardial fibrosis and ultimately cardiac dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, also improve insulin sensitivity, triglyceride levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the molecular mechanisms involved in obesity-linked CVD pathophysiology, considering pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones, as well as the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and PPARs. In addition, cell lines and animal models, biomarkers, gut microbiota dysbiosis, epigenetic modifications, and current therapeutic treatments in CVD associated with obesity are outlined in this paper.

scholarly journals Role of Glucose-Lowering Medications in Erectile Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2501
Author(s):  
Angelo Cignarelli ◽  
Valentina Annamaria Genchi ◽  
Rossella D’Oria ◽  
Fiorella Giordano ◽  
Irene Caruso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Altered Metabolism

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a long-term complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D) widely known to affect the quality of life. Several aspects of altered metabolism in individuals with T2D may help to compromise the penile vasculature structure and functions, thus exacerbating the imbalance between smooth muscle contractility and relaxation. Among these, advanced glycation end-products and reactive oxygen species derived from a hyperglycaemic state are known to accelerate endothelial dysfunction by lowering nitric oxide bioavailability, the essential stimulus of relaxation. Although several studies have explained the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the generation of erectile failure, few studies to date have described the efficacy of glucose-lowering medications in the restoration of normal sexual activity. Herein, we will present current knowledge about the main starters of the pathophysiology of diabetic ED and explore the role of different anti-diabetes therapies in the potential remission of ED, highlighting specific pathways whose activation or inhibition could be fundamental for sexual care in a diabetes setting.

scholarly journals Role of swasthavritta in preventing lifestyle disorders with reference to obesity.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiprasad Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Curative Effect ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
The World ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Day By Day

life style disorders are defined as the disorders linked with the way of people live their life. this is commonly caused by alcohol, drugs and smoking as well as lack of physical activity and unhealthy eating. Diseases that mostly have an effect on our lifestyle are the heart disease, stroke, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risk of global death, worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than 1.9 million adult, 18 yrs. and older, were overweight, of these over 600 million men and women were obese. Due to faulty lifestyle and diet pattern the incidence of obesity is increasing day by day all over the world. according to Ayurveda obesity also known as sthoulya or medoroga. according to Ayurveda obesity can lead to many life style disorders. Ayurveda has a great importance to reduce risk of lifestyle disorders. There are so many concepts which will reduce the risk of life style disorders. Acc. To swasthavritta there are so many pathya aahar kalpna, various type of aasanas and yoga described thus, above factors has wonderful preventive and curative effect on obesity.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (11) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
N. N. Vlasov ◽  
E. A. Kornienko
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

There is ample evidence that insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity are at the heart of the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The disease is now considered as the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome (MS).64 children with NAFLD were assessed for metabolic syndrome stigma. An analysis was also made on the state of the problem according to the literature on the general links of the pathogenesis of these conditions, methods of diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.All components of MS are observed with different frequencies in patients with NAFD. This disease, together with type 2 diabetes mellitus, becomes very common diseases in childhood. The incidence of NAFLD in children is constantly growing, it has begun to occur in infants, an outcome in cirrhosis of the liver is possible within childhood, although the prognosis for NAFLD remains definitely uncertain. Weight loss with a low glycemic index diet, regular exercise, and other lifestyle changes are the mainstay of NAFLD treatment, but not yet very effective for various reasons. In these conditions, it is necessary to increase the role of primary prevention of MS and NAFLD.

scholarly journals Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: Where Does Resistant Starch Fit In?

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 756-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C Tapsell
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Fat Utilization ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Metabolic syndrome is a term linking the clinical profiles of some of the world's major health problems today: obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. It is predicated on dietary patterns, and particularly on the delivery of fuel. The effects may be seen first in the development of abdominal obesity and insulin resistance leading to Type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. This review examines the role resistant starch might play in the prevention and management of these conditions. Beginning with a definition of resistant starch, a critical review of the scientific literature is presented. Current knowledge suggests that resistant starch in the diet may assist in the prevention and management of conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome via its potential effects on delaying the delivery of glucose as fuel with subsequent fat utilization and appetite control benefits. There is still a great deal of research to be undertaken in this area, but it is clearly warranted, given the position of starches in the global food supply and the potential impact on population health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document