scholarly journals Spinach and Chive for Kidney Tubule Engineering: the Limitations of Decellularized Plant Scaffolds and Vasculature

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Jansen ◽  
Marianna Evangelopoulou ◽  
Carla Pou Casellas ◽  
Sarina Abrishamcar ◽  
Jitske Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Renal Cells ◽  
Kidney Tubule ◽  
Diffusion Capacity ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Tubular Transport ◽  
Spinach Leaf ◽  
Organ Replacement

AbstractTissue decellularization yields complex scaffolds with retained composition and structure, and plants offer an inexhaustible natural source of numerous shapes. Plant tissue could be a solution for regenerative organ replacement strategies and advanced in vitro modeling, as biofunctionalization of decellularized tissue allows adhesion of various kinds of human cells that can grow into functional tissue. Here, we investigated the potential of spinach leaf vasculature and chive stems for kidney tubule engineering to apply in tubular transport studies. We successfully decellularized both plant tissues and confirmed general scaffold suitability for topical recellularization with renal cells. However, due to anatomical restrictions, we believe that spinach and chive vasculature themselves cannot be recellularized by current methods. Moreover, gradual tissue disintegration and deficient diffusion capacity make decellularized plant scaffolds unsuitable for kidney tubule engineering, which relies on transepithelial solute exchange between two compartments. We conclude that plant-derived structures and biomaterials need to be carefully considered and possibly integrated with other tissue engineering technologies for enhanced capabilities.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

Electron probe x-ray microanalysis and electron microscopy of amino acid absorption and transport by the small intestine: inhibition by chemical poisons and correlation to the elemental composition of the epithelial cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Transport Studies

The elemental composition of amino acids is similar to that of the major structural components of the epithelial cells of the small intestine and other tissues. Therefore, their subcellular localization and concentration measurements are not possible by x-ray microanalysis. Radioactive isotope labeling: I131-tyrosine, Se75-methionine and S35-methionine have been successfully employed in numerous absorption and transport studies. The latter two have been utilized both in vitro and vivo, with similar results in the hamster and human small intestine. Non-radioactive Selenomethionine, since its absorption/transport behavior is assumed to be the same as that of Se75- methionine and S75-methionine could serve as a compound tracer for this amino acid.

scholarly journals Method for maintenance of coffee leaves in vitro for mass rearing of Leucoptera coffeellum (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Reis Jr. ◽  
Lima ◽  
Evaldo F. Vilela ◽  
Raimundo S. Barros
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Leaf Survival ◽  
The Ideal

To accomplish systematic studies with coffee leafminer, it is necessary to establish a mass rearing system under artificial conditions. It is possible to rear this species, from egg to adult, under laboratory conditions, without using coffee seedlings but detached leaves maintained in vitro. Synthetic cytokinins are routinely used for maintenance of plant cell and plant tissues in vitro. Two plant growth regulators, benzyladenin and kinetin, in concentrations 10-6 and 10-7 M were used to mantain the leaves. Green leaves collected in the field were maintained in the solution to be tested. Distilled water served as control. The experiment lasted 30 days, a period longer than the necessary for the complete development of the insect. Both artificial cytokinines indeed increased the lifetime of the coffee leaves, maintaining them green and healthy. Leaves placed in the cages for oviposition were attractive to the insect, with significant number of eggs per leaf. In most cases, eggs resulted in individuals that completed the whole developmental cycle. Tests with regulator in different concentrations with healthy leaves showed efficiency. However, we believe that hormone concentrations to be used with mined leaves should be larger, because these when maintained at 10-7 M leaves did not present a satisfactory lifetime. Therefore, tests with mined leaves with different hormone concentrations should be made to find out the ideal concentration for leaf survival. In our laboratory we are successfully using 10-6 M benzyladenin for the maintenance of mined leaves.

scholarly journals Plant holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase

1988 ◽  
Vol 252 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Elhussein ◽  
J A Miernyk ◽  
J B Ohlrogge
Keyword(s):  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Spinach Leaf

1. An improved method was developed for the assay of plant holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase activity, using Escherichia coli acyl-(acyl carrier protein) synthetase as a coupling enzyme. 2. Holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase was partially purified from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves by a combination of (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. 3. The partially purified enzyme had a pH optimum of 8.2 and Km values of 2 microM, 72 microM and 3 mM for apo-(acyl carrier protein), CoA and Mg2+ respectively. Synthase activity was inhibited in vitro by the reaction product 3′,5′-ADP. 4. Results from the fractionation of spinach leaf and developing castor-oil-seed (Ricinus communis) endosperm cells were consistent with a cytosolic localization of holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase activity in plant cells.

scholarly journals Implementation of a dynamic intestinal gut-on-a-chip barrier model for transport studies of lipophilic dioxin congeners

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (57) ◽  
pp. 32440-32453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornphimol Kulthong ◽  
Loes Duivenvoorde ◽  
Barbara Z. Mizera ◽  
Deborah Rijkers ◽  
Guillaume ten Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Promise ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
Functional Complexity ◽  
Organ On A Chip ◽  
Barrier Model

Novel microfluidic technologies allow the manufacture ofin vitroorgan-on-a-chip systems that hold great promise to adequately recapitulate the biophysical and functional complexity of organs foundin vivo.

Establishment of a Parathyroid Hormone-Responsive Phosphate Transport System in Vitro Using Cultured Renal Cells*

Endocrinology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1954-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHIKAZU KINOSHITA ◽  
MASAAKI FUKASE ◽  
AKIMITSU MIYAUCHI ◽  
MUTSUMI TAKENAKA ◽  
MASAKI NAKADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Phosphate Transport ◽  
Renal Cells

scholarly journals Site-specific serine phosphorylation of spinach leaf sucrose-phosphate synthase

1992 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L A Huber ◽  
S C Huber
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Serine Phosphorylation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Spinach Leaf ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

We recently reported [Huber, Huber & Nielsen (1989) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 270, 681-690] that spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) was phosphorylated in vivo when leaves were fed [32P]Pi. In vitro the enzyme was phosphorylated and inactivated by using [gamma-32P]ATP. We now report that SPS is phosphorylated both in vivo and in vitro on serine residues. The protein is phosphorylated at multiple sites both in vivo and in vitro as indicated by two-dimensional peptide maps of the immunopurified SPS protein. After being fed with radiolabel, leaves were illuminated or given mannose (which activates the enzyme), in the presence or absence of okadaic acid. Feeding okadaic acid to leaves decreased the SPS activation state in the dark and light and in leaves fed mannose. Across all the treatments, the activation state of SPS in situ was inversely related to the labelling of two phosphopeptides (designated phosphopeptides 5 and 7). These two phosphopeptides are phosphorylated when SPS is inactivated in vitro with [gamma-32P]ATP, and thus are designated as regulatory (inhibitory) sites [Huber & Huber (1991) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1091, 393-400]. Okadaic acid increased the total 32P-labelling of SPS and in particular increased labelling of the two regulatory sites, which explains the decline in activation state. In the presence of okadaic acid, two cryptic phosphorylation sites became labelled in vivo that were not apparent in the absence of the inhibitor. Overall, the results suggest that light/dark regulation of SPS activity occurs as a result of regulatory serine phosphorylation. Multiple sites are phosphorylated in vivo, but two sites in particular appear to regulate activity and dephosphorylation of these sites in vivo is sensitive to okadaic acid.

Postnatal development of colonic electrolyte transport in rabbits

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. G447-G453 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. O'Loughlin ◽  
D. M. Hunt ◽  
D. Kreutzmann
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Serum Aldosterone ◽  
Group Transport

Postnatal changes in adrenal gluco- and mineralocorticoid secretion and colonic sodium and chloride transport were examined. New Zealand White rabbits, age 10-14, 18-22, and 25-30 days, and adult animals (6-10 wk) were studied. Serum cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, and mucosal Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activities were measured in each age group. Transport studies were performed in vitro under short-circuited conditions in distal colon at all age groups and in proximal colon in days 10-14 and 18-22 and in adult animals. Serum glucocorticoids varied little until after day 30 when they rose to adult levels. On the other hand, serum aldosterone levels were two- to threefold higher in days 10-14 and 18-22 animals but fell to adult levels by day 25. In distal colon, amiloride-inhibitable electrogenic Na+ absorption was present at all ages but was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in days 10-14 (3.8 +/- 0.5 mu eq.cm-2.h-1) and 18-22 (4.2 +/- 0.4) rabbits compared with adults (1.9 +/- 0.4) but not day 25-30 (2.8 +/- 0.5). In proximal colon, Na+ absorption was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in day 10-14 (1.6 +/- 0.5 mu eq.cm-2.h-1) compared with day 18-22 (-0.2 +/- 0.5) and adults (0.06 +/- 0.5) and was amiloride insensitive. Neither chloride transport nor mucosal Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase demonstrated significant age-related changes in either region of colon. These results indicate that both proximal and distal colonic Na+ transport undergoes postnatal changes. In distal but not proximal colon these changes appear to be regulated by circulating aldosterone probably by increasing apical membrane permeability to Na+.

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