Differential Resting State Connectivity Responses to Glycemic State in Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract Context Individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have alterations in brain activity that have been postulated to contribute to the adverse neurocognitive consequences of T1DM; however, the impact of T1DM and hypoglycemic unawareness on the brain’s resting state activity remains unclear. Objective To determine whether individuals with T1DM and hypoglycemia unawareness (T1DM-Unaware) had changes in the brain resting state functional connectivity compared to healthy controls (HC) and those with T1DM and hypoglycemia awareness (T1DM-Aware). Design Observational study. Setting Academic medical center. Participants 27 individuals with T1DM and 12 HC volunteers participated in the study. Intervention All participants underwent blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) resting state functional magnetic brain imaging during a 2-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic (90 mg/dL)–hypoglycemic (60 mg/dL) clamp. Outcome Changes in resting state functional connectivity. Results Using 2 separate methods of functional connectivity analysis, we identified distinct differences in the resting state brain responses to mild hypoglycemia between HC, T1DM-Aware, and T1DM-Unaware participants, particularly in the angular gyrus, an integral component of the default mode network (DMN). Furthermore, changes in angular gyrus connectivity also correlated with greater symptoms of hypoglycemia (r = 0.461, P = 0.003) as well as higher scores of perceived stress (r = 0.531, P = 0.016). Conclusion These findings provide evidence that individuals with T1DM have changes in the brain’s resting state connectivity patterns, which may be further associated with differences in awareness to hypoglycemia. These changes in connectivity may be associated with alterations in functional outcomes among individuals with T1DM.

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Differential resting state connectivity responses to glycemic state in type 1 diabetes

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem/dgz004 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Parikh ◽

Dongju Seo ◽

Cheryl Lacadie ◽

Renata Belfort-DeAguiar ◽

Derek Groskreutz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Medical Center ◽

Academic Medical Center ◽

Angular Gyrus ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

The Impact ◽

Resting State Connectivity

Abstract Context Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) have alterations in brain activity which have been postulated to contribute to the adverse neurocognitive consequences of T1DM; however, the impact of T1DM and hypoglycemic unawareness on the brain’s resting state activity remains unclear. Objective To determine whether individuals with T1DM and hypoglycemia unawareness (T1DM-Unaware) had changes in the brain resting state functional connectivity compared to healthy controls (HC) and those with T1DM and hypoglycemia awareness (T1DM-Aware). Design Observational study Setting Academic medical center Participants 27 individuals with T1DM and 12 healthy control volunteers participated in the study. Intervention All participants underwent BOLD resting state fMRI brain imaging during a 2-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic (90 mg/dl)-hypoglycemic (60mg/dl) clamp. Outcome Changes in resting state functional connectivity Results Using two separate methods of functional connectivity analysis, we identified distinct differences in the resting state brain responses to mild hypoglycemia amongst HC, T1DM-Aware and T1DM-Unaware participants, particularly in the angular gyrus, an integral component of the default mode network (DMN). Furthermore, changes in angular gyrus connectivity also correlated with greater symptoms of hypoglycemia (r = 0.461, P = 0.003) as well as higher scores of perceived stress (r = 0.531, P = 0.016). Conclusion These findings provide evidence that individuals with T1DM have changes in the brain’s resting state connectivity patterns, which may be further associated with differences in awareness to hypoglycemia. These changes in connectivity may be associated with alterations in functional outcomes amongst individuals with T1DM.

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Resting-state functional connectivity modulates the BOLD activation induced by nucleus accumbens stimulation in the swine brain

10.1101/571513 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Shinho Cho ◽

Jan T. Hachmann ◽

Irena Balzekas ◽

Myung-Ho In ◽

Lindsey G. Andres-Beck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleus Accumbens ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Large Scale ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Blood Oxygenation ◽

Functional Networks ◽

Swine Model ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTWhile it is known that the clinical efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) alleviates motor-related symptoms, cognitive and behavioral effects of DBS and its action mechanism on brain circuits are not clearly understood. By combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and DBS, we investigated the pattern of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes induced by stimulating the nucleus accumbens and how inter-regional resting-state functional connectivity is related with the stimulation DBS effect in a healthy swine model. We found that the pattern of stimulation-induced BOLD activation was diffused across multiple functional networks including the prefrontal, limbic, and thalamic regions, altering inter-regional functional connectivity after stimulation. Furthermore, our results showed that the strength of the DBS effect is closely related to the strength of inter-regional resting-state functional connectivity including stimulation locus and remote brain regions. Our results reveal the impact of nucleus accumbens stimulation on major functional networks, highlighting functional connectivity may mediate the modulation effect of DBS via large-scale brain networks.

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The Brain Resting-State Functional Connectivity Underlying Violence Proneness: Is It a Reliable Marker for Neurocriminology? A Systematic Review

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs9010011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ángel Romero-Martínez ◽

Macarena González ◽

Marisol Lila ◽

Enrique Gracia ◽

Luis Martí-Bonmatí ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Resting State ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Prevention Programs ◽

Angular Gyrus ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Reliable Marker ◽

The Brain

Introduction: There is growing scientific interest in understanding the biological mechanisms affecting and/or underlying violent behaviors in order to develop effective treatment and prevention programs. In recent years, neuroscientific research has tried to demonstrate whether the intrinsic activity within the brain at rest in the absence of any external stimulation (resting-state functional connectivity; RSFC) could be employed as a reliable marker for several cognitive abilities and personality traits that are important in behavior regulation, particularly, proneness to violence. Aims: This review aims to highlight the association between the RSFC among specific brain structures and the predisposition to experiencing anger and/or responding to stressful and distressing situations with anger in several populations. Methods: The scientific literature was reviewed following the PRISMA quality criteria for reviews, using the following digital databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Psicodoc, and Dialnet. Results: The identification of 181 abstracts and retrieval of 34 full texts led to the inclusion of 17 papers. The results described in our study offer a better understanding of the brain networks that might explain the tendency to experience anger. The majority of the studies highlighted that diminished RSFC between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala might make people prone to reactive violence, but that it is also necessary to contemplate additional cortical (i.e. insula, gyrus [angular, supramarginal, temporal, fusiform, superior, and middle frontal], anterior and posterior cingulated cortex) and subcortical brain structures (i.e. hippocampus, cerebellum, ventral striatum, and nucleus centralis superior) in order to explain a phenomenon as complex as violence. Moreover, we also described the neural pathways that might underlie proactive violence and feelings of revenge, highlighting the RSFC between the OFC, ventral striatal, angular gyrus, mid-occipital cortex, and cerebellum. Conclusions. The results from this synthesis and critical analysis of RSFC findings in several populations offer guidelines for future research and for developing a more accurate model of proneness to violence, in order to create effective treatment and prevention programs.

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Attention network modulation via tRNS correlates with attention gain

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.63782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Federica Contò ◽

Grace Edwards ◽

Sarah Tyler ◽

Danielle Parrott ◽

Emily Grossman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Large Scale ◽

Random Noise ◽

Cognitive Capacity ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Attention Network ◽

Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation ◽

The Impact ◽

Behavioral Improvement

Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) can enhance vision in the healthy and diseased brain. Yet, the impact of multi-day tRNS on large-scale cortical networks is still unknown. We investigated the impact of tRNS coupled with behavioral training on resting-state functional connectivity and attention. We trained human subjects for 4 consecutive days on two attention tasks, while receiving tRNS over the intraparietal sulci, the middle temporal areas, or Sham stimulation. We measured resting-state functional connectivity of nodes of the dorsal and ventral attention network (DVAN) before and after training. We found a strong behavioral improvement and increased connectivity within the DVAN after parietal stimulation only. Crucially, behavioral improvement positively correlated with connectivity measures. We conclude changes in connectivity are a marker for the enduring effect of tRNS upon behavior. Our results suggest that tRNS has strong potential to augment cognitive capacity in healthy individuals and promote recovery in the neurological population.

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Spin-Echo Resting-State Functional Connectivity in High-Susceptibility Regions: Accuracy, Reliability, and the Impact of Physiological Noise

Brain Connectivity ◽

10.1089/brain.2015.0365 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 283-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yasha B. Khatamian ◽

Ali M. Golestani ◽

Don M. Ragot ◽

J. Jean Chen

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Spin Echo ◽

High Susceptibility ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Physiological Noise ◽

The Impact

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Resting state functional connectivity in early post-anesthesia recovery is characterized by globally reduced anticorrelations

10.1101/669457 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Tommer Nir ◽

Yael Jacob ◽

Kuang-Han Huang ◽

Arthur E. Schwartz ◽

Jess W. Brallier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Regions Of Interest ◽

Resting State Networks ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Human Volunteers ◽

Resting State Connectivity

ABSTRACTThough a growing body of literature is addressing the possible longer-term cognitive effects of anesthetics, to date no study has delineated the normal trajectory of neural recovery due to anesthesia alone in older adults. We obtained resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans on 62 healthy human volunteers between ages forty and eighty before, during, and after sevoflurane (general) anesthesia, in the absence of surgery, as part of a larger study on cognitive function post-anesthesia. Resting state networks expression decreased consistently one hour after emergence from anesthesia. This corresponded to a global reduction in anticorrelated functional connectivity post-anesthesia, seen across individual regions-of-interest. Positively correlated functional connectivity remained constant across peri-anesthetic states. All measures returned to baseline 1 day later, with individual regions-of-interest essentially returning to their pre-anesthesia connectivity levels. These results define normal peri-anesthetic changes in resting state connectivity in healthy older adults.

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Presurgical Evaluation of Epilepsy Using Resting-State MEG Functional Connectivity

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2021.649074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Na Xu ◽

Wei Shan ◽

Jing Qi ◽

Jianping Wu ◽

Qun Wang

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Preoperative Evaluation ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Electrophysiological Recording ◽

Epileptogenic Zone ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Presurgical Evaluation ◽

Resting State Connectivity ◽

The Brain

Epilepsy is caused by abnormal electrical discharges (clinically identified by electrophysiological recording) in a specific part of the brain [originating in only one part of the brain, namely, the epileptogenic zone (EZ)]. Epilepsy is now defined as an archetypical hyperexcited neural network disorder. It can be investigated through the network analysis of interictal discharges, ictal discharges, and resting-state functional connectivity. Currently, there is an increasing interest in embedding resting-state connectivity analysis into the preoperative evaluation of epilepsy. Among the various neuroimaging technologies employed to achieve brain functional networks, magnetoencephalography (MEG) with the excellent temporal resolution is an ideal tool for estimating the resting-state connectivity between brain regions, which can reveal network abnormalities in epilepsy. What value does MEG resting-state functional connectivity offer for epileptic presurgical evaluation? Regarding this topic, this paper introduced the origin of MEG and the workflow of constructing source–space functional connectivity based on MEG signals. Resting-state functional connectivity abnormalities correlate with epileptogenic networks, which are defined by the brain regions involved in the production and propagation of epileptic activities. This paper reviewed the evidence of altered epileptic connectivity based on low- or high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) and the evidence of the advantage of using simultaneous MEG and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings. More importantly, this review highlighted that MEG-based resting-state functional connectivity has the potential to predict postsurgical outcomes. In conclusion, resting-state MEG functional connectivity has made a substantial progress toward serving as a candidate biomarker included in epileptic presurgical evaluations.

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Resting state functional connectivity in the human spinal cord

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.02812 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Robert L Barry ◽

Seth A Smith ◽

Adrienne N Dula ◽

John C Gore

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Blood Oxygenation ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Human Spinal Cord ◽

Oxygenation Level ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Brain

Functional magnetic resonance imaging using blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast is well established as one of the most powerful methods for mapping human brain function. Numerous studies have measured how low-frequency BOLD signal fluctuations from the brain are correlated between voxels in a resting state, and have exploited these signals to infer functional connectivity within specific neural circuits. However, to date there have been no previous substantiated reports of resting state correlations in the spinal cord. In a cohort of healthy volunteers, we observed robust functional connectivity between left and right ventral (motor) horns, and between left and right dorsal (sensory) horns. Our results demonstrate that low-frequency BOLD fluctuations are inherent in the spinal cord as well as the brain, and by analogy to cortical circuits, we hypothesize that these correlations may offer insight into the execution and maintenance of sensory and motor functions both locally and within the cerebrum.

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The impact of childhood trauma on thalamic functional connectivity in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720004328 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Minyi Chu ◽

Tingting Xu ◽

Yi Wang ◽

Pei Wang ◽

Qiumeng Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Resting State ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Childhood trauma is a vulnerability factor for the development of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Empirical findings suggest that trauma-related alterations in brain networks, especially in thalamus-related regions, have been observed in OCD patients. However, the relationship between childhood trauma and thalamic connectivity in patients with OCD remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the impact of childhood trauma on thalamic functional connectivity in OCD patients. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging resting-state scans were acquired in 79 patients with OCD, including 22 patients with a high level of childhood trauma (OCD_HCT), 57 patients with a low level of childhood trauma (OCD_LCT) and 47 healthy controls. Seven thalamic subdivisions were chosen as regions of interest (ROIs) to examine the group difference in thalamic ROIs and whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). Results We found significantly decreased caudate-thalamic rsFC in OCD patients as a whole group and also in OCD_LCT patients, compared with healthy controls. However, OCD_HCT patients exhibited increased thalamic rsFC with the prefrontal cortex when compared with both OCD_LCT patients and healthy controls. Conclusions Taken together, OCD patients with high and low levels of childhood trauma exhibit different pathological alterations in thalamic rsFC, suggesting that childhood trauma may be a predisposing factor for some OCD patients.

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