scholarly journals Gender Differences in Large Artery Stiffness Pre- and Post Puberty

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 5375-5380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna A. Ahimastos ◽  
Melissa Formosa ◽  
Anthony M. Dart ◽  
Bronwyn A. Kingwell
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Large Arteries ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Artery Stiffness ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Age-related large artery stiffening is more pronounced in women compared with men and is an important cause of isolated systolic hypertension. This study aimed to investigate whether such gender differences are inherent or the result of sex steroid influences. Healthy children prepuberty [26 female (10.3 ± 0.1 yr), 32 male (10.3 ± 0.1 yr), mean age ± sd] and post puberty [30 female (15.9 ± 0.2 yr), 22 male (15.9 ± 0.4 yr)] were studied. Large artery stiffness was assessed globally via systemic arterial compliance and regionally via pulse wave velocity. Prepubertal males and females did not differ in body size, cardiac output, or heart rate. Prepubertal females had stiffer large arteries and higher pulse pressure than age-matched males (P < 0.05). Postpubertal males were taller and heavier and had a greater cardiac output and lower heart rate compared with similarly aged females. In relation to pubertal status, females developed more distensible large arteries post puberty whereas males developed stiffer large vessels (P < 0.05). These changes where such that central large artery stiffness was similar between genders in the postpubertal group. Together these data suggest that large artery stiffness varies intrinsically between genders but is also modulated by both male and female sex steroids.

Age-related change and gender differences in pelvic morphology of healthy children

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 894-899
Author(s):  
Masanori Wako ◽  
Kensuke Koyama ◽  
Yoshihiro Takayama ◽  
Yoshihito Aikawa ◽  
Hirotaka Haro
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Pelvic Morphology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Gender

Peripheral circulatory control of preload-afterload mismatch with angiotensin in dogs

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
pp. H126-H132
Author(s):  
R. W. Lee ◽  
L. D. Lancaster ◽  
D. Buckley ◽  
S. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Systemic Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Venous Compliance ◽  
Mean Aortic Pressure

To determine whether changes in the venous circulation were responsible for preload-afterload mismatch with angiotensin, we examined the changes in the heart and the peripheral circulation in six splenectomized dogs after ganglion blockade during an angiotensin infusion to increase mean aortic pressure 25 and then 50%. The peripheral circulation was evaluated by measuring mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), arterial compliance, and venous compliance. A 25% increase in mean aortic pressure increased MCFP from 6.2 +/- 0.3 to 7.6 +/- 0.3 mmHg (P less than 0.001) but did not change cardiac output, heart rate, or stroke volume. Systemic vascular resistance increased (P less than 0.01) from 0.50 +/- 0.02 to 0.59 +/- 0.03 mmHg X min X kg X ml-1. Arterial and venous compliances decreased (P less than 0.01) from 0.08 +/- 0.03 to 0.06 +/- 0.03 ml X mmHg-1 X kg-1 and from 2.1 +/- 0.1 to 1.6 +/- 0.1 ml X mmHg-1 X kg-1, respectively. A 50% elevation in mean aortic pressure increased MCFP from 7.1 +/- 0.4 to 9.5 +/- 0.9 mmHg (P less than 0.001) but did not change heart rate. At this level of aortic pressure, cardiac output and stroke volume decreased (P less than 0.01) 12 and 19%, respectively, whereas systemic vascular resistance increased (P less than 0.001) from 0.48 +/- 0.03 to 0.83 +/- 0.05 mmHg X min X kg X ml-1. Arterial and venous compliances decreased (P less than 0.01) from 0.08 +/- 0.01 to 0.05 +/- 0.01 ml X mmHg-1 X kg-1 and from 2.1 +/- 0.1 to 1.4 +/- 0.1 ml X mmHg-1 X kg-1, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Genetic influence on electrocardiogram time intervals and heart rate in aging mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. H1907-H1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqin Xing ◽  
Shirng-Wreng Tsaih ◽  
Rong Yuan ◽  
Karen L. Svenson ◽  
Linda M. Jorgenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Age Related Changes

Understanding the genetic influence on ECG time intervals and heart rate (HR) is important for identifying the genes underlying susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic influence on ECG parameters and their age-related changes in mice. ECGs were recorded in lead I on 8 males and 8 females from each of 28 inbred strains at the ages of 6, 12, and 18 mo. Significant interstrain differences in the P-R interval, QRS complex duration, and HR were found. Age-related changes in the P-R interval, QRS complex duration, and HR differed among strains. The P-R interval increased with age in 129S1/SvlmJ females. The QRS complex duration decreased with age in C57BR/J males and DBA2/J females but increased in NON/ShiLtJ females. HR decreased in C57L/J females and SM/J and P/J males but increased in BALB/cByJ males. Differences between males and females were found for HR in SJL/J mice and in the P-R interval in 129S1/SvlmJ mice. Broad-sense heritability estimates of ECG time intervals and HR ranged from 0.31 for the QRS complex duration to 0.52 for the P-R interval. Heritability estimates decreased with age for the P-R interval. Our study revealed that genetic factors play a significant role on cardiac conduction activity and age-related changes in ECG time intervals and HR.

scholarly journals Dose-dependent increases in heart rate variability and arterial compliance in overweight and obese adults with DHA-rich fish oil supplementation

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Sjoberg ◽  
Catherine M. Milte ◽  
Jonathan D. Buckley ◽  
Peter R. C. Howe ◽  
Alison M. Coates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Fish Oil Supplementation ◽  
Dose Dependent

Heart rate (HR) variability and large arterial compliance can be improved using fish oils. DHA, a component of fish oil, has cardiovascular health benefits, but its effect on HR variability (HRV) and arterial compliance is yet to be quantified. Sixty-seven overweight or obese adults (thirty-six males and thirty-one females; 53 (sem 2) year; BMI 31·7 (sem 1·1) kg/m2) were randomly allocated to consume either 6 g/d sunola oil (control; n 17), fish oil (260 mg DHA+60 mg EPA per g) at doses of 2 g/d (n 16), 4 g/d (n 17) or 6 g/d (n 17). Blood pressure, HR and compliance of large and small arteries were measured while supine at baseline and after 12 weeks in all participants, and HRV was assessed in a subgroup of forty-six participants. There was no effect of fish oil on blood pressure, small artery compliance or HR. However, the low frequency:high frequency ratio of HRV decreased with increasing doses of fish oil (r − 0·34, P = 0·02), while large artery compliance increased (r 0·34, P = 0·006). Moreover, the changes in these biomarkers were significantly correlated (r − 0·31, P = 0·04) and may reflect fish oil-induced improvements in arterial function and cardiac autonomic regulation.

Abstract 323: Acute Reduction of Ambient Air Pressure Lowers Systemic Vascular Resistance and Improves Cardiac Output in Mice in-vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmol Shahid ◽  
Vaibhav B Patel ◽  
Gavin Y Oudit ◽  
Michael S McMurtry
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Systemic Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Air Pressure

Background: Humans have lower risk for myocardial infarction and stroke at higher altitudes. The mechanism is unknown. We previously demonstrated that acute reductions in ambient air pressure result in enhanced arterial vasodilation ex vivo using a myograph model of murine resistance arteries. Enhanced vasodilation might increase effective arterial compliance in vivo , thus we further hypothesized a reduction in systemic vascular resistance in vivo as a result of lowered ambient air pressure. Methods: In-vivo Pressure Volume Loops: A novel hypobaric chamber was designed and constructed with the capacity to hold a single anaesthetized mouse and simulate a variety of lowered air pressures within the chamber. The design of the chamber allowed for monitoring of murine heart rate, respiratory rate, & blood oxygen saturation at all times. Using inhaled isoflurane to anesthetize the animal, a closed-chest left-ventricular catheterization procedure was performed within the chamber on free-breathing adult male C57-WT mice (n=8) during consecutive acute exposures to the three air pressure steps: 754 mmHg (control or room atmospheric pressure), 714 mmHg (p1) and 674 mmHg (p2). Results: In-vivo : Total systemic vascular resistance was reduced by acute exposure to lower air pressure (10.09±0.15 mmHg*min/μL at control vs. 8.11±1.45 and 8.18±1.24 mmHg*min/μL at p1 and p2, respectively; p<0.05). Cardiac output was significantly improved by lowering atmospheric pressure below room pressure (7.36±0.15 mL/min at control versus 9.71±1.45 mL/min and 9.59±1.77 mL/min at p1 and p2, respectively; p<0.05). Significant increases in stroke volume with a reduction in air pressure were also observed (p<0.05 for p1 and p2 vs. control). We did not note significant changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, or contractility of the mice with lowered atmospheric pressure. Conclusion: Acute reductions in ambient air pressure lower systemic vascular resistance, and increase cardiac output and stroke volumes in vivo .

Gender Differences in Psychophysiological Responses to Music Listening

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Gupta ◽  
B. S. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
Fréquence Cardiaque ◽  
Pression Artérielle ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractThis study presents a comparative account of psychophysiological responses to music listening in healthy males and females. The stimulus material was a slow-paced taped rāga Desi-Todi on a flute. The participants listened to music for 30 minutes a day, for 20 days. Pre- and post-treatment procedure was adopted for assessments on psychophysiological measures. The study supports the following conclusions: (1) music listening produced significant decreases in the blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) and heart rate of females, but had no significant effect in males; (2) music listening reduced stress, anxiety and depression, enhanced life satisfaction, optimism and hope, and was perceived as making life more meaningful in males and females; (3) the effects of music listening, that is, reduction in negative affect, enhancement of positive affect (except the ‘hope’ scores), and decrease in blood pressure and heart rate, were more intense in females than males.Keywords: music listening, gender differences, psychophysiological responses, negative affect, positive affect, blood pressure, heart rateFrenchDifférences en fonction du sexe des réactions psycho- physiologiques à l’écoute musicaleCette études présente un compte-rendu comparatif des réactions psycho- physiologiques à l’écoute musicale par des hommes et des femmes sains. Le matériel sonore de stimulation était l’enregistement d’un motif lent joué à la flute dans le style Raga (Desi-Todi). Les participants ont écouté cette musique à raison de 30 mn par jour pendant 20 jours. Une procédure a été adoptée pour évaluer les mesures psycho-physiologiques en pré et post-traitement. L’étude soutient les conclusions suivantes : (1) l’écoute musicale a produit une baisse significative de la pression artérielle (diastolique et systolique) et de la fréquence cardiaque chez les femmes, mais n’a pas eu d’effet significatif chez les hommes; (2) l’écoute musicale a réduit le stress, l’anxiété et la dépression, amélioré le sentiment de satisfaction, d’optimisme et d’espérance, et a été perçue comme rendant la vie plus riche de sens chez l’homme et la femme; (3) les effets de l’écoute musicale, c’est-à-dire la réduction des effects négatifs, l’amélioration des effets positifs (à l’exception des résultats concernant l’espérance), et la diminution de la pression sanguine et de la fréquence cardiaque étaient plus intenses chez les femmes que chez les hommes.Mots clés :écoute musicale, différence sexuelle, réactions psycho-physiologiques, effet négatif, effet positif, pression artérielle, fréquence cardiaque

Determination of age-related increases in large artery stiffness by digital pulse contour analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. MILLASSEAU ◽  
R.P. KELLY ◽  
J.M. RITTER ◽  
P.J. CHOWIENCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Glyceryl Trinitrate ◽  
Pulse Contour Analysis ◽  
Pulse Contour ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Contour Analysis ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Digital Pulse ◽  
Artery Stiffness

The stiffness of the aorta can be determined by measuring carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf). PWV may also influence the contour of the peripheral pulse, suggesting that contour analysis might be used to assess large artery stiffness. An index of large artery stiffness (SIDVP) derived from the digital volume pulse (DVP) measured by transmission of IR light (photoplethysmography) was examined. SIDVP was obtained from subject height and from the time delay between direct and reflected waves in the DVP. The timing of these components of the DVP is determined by PWV in the aorta and large arteries. SIDVP was, therefore, expected to provide a measure of stiffness similar to PWV. SIDVP was compared with PWVcf obtained by applanation tonometry in 87 asymptomatic subjects (21–68 years; 29 women). The reproducibility of SIDVP and PWVcf and the response of SIDVP to glyceryl trinitrate were assessed in subsets of subjects. The mean within-subject coefficient of variation of SIDVP, for measurements at weekly intervals, was 9.6%. SIDVP was correlated with PWVcf (r = 0.65, P<0.0001). SIDVP and PWVcf were each independently correlated with age and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) with similar regression coefficients: SIDVP = 0.63+0.086×age+0.042×MAP (r = 0.69, P<0.0001); PWVcf = 0.76+0.080×age+0.053×MAP (r = 0.71, P<0.0001). Administration of glyceryl trinitrate (3, 30 and 300 μg/min intravenous; each dose for 15 min) in nine healthy men produced similar changes in SIDVP and PWVcf. Thus contour analysis of the DVP provides a simple, reproducible, non-invasive measure of large artery stiffness.

Determination of intact parathyrin by immunoradiometric assay evaluated in normal children and in patients with various disorders of calcium metabolism

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1999-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Saggese ◽  
G I Baroncelli ◽  
S Bertelloni
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Immunoradiometric Assay ◽  
Intact Pth ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract We report the reference values for intact parathyrin (PTH) measured by a two-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) during childhood. The study has been carried out in 215 healthy children and adolescents, ages 2.0 to 18.7 years. Some patients with altered mineral homeostasis were also studied to assess the sensitivity of the method in a clinical setting. Mean intact PTH concentrations were 30.8 (SD 9.6) ng/L; the median was 28.5 ng/L. Normal reference values were 16.0-59.0 ng/L (95% confidence interval). The distribution of intact PTH values was nongaussian. We found no significant variations between males and females and no age-related variations. The IRMA used was sufficiently sensitive to detect differences in PTH concentrations between healthy children and patients with hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia.

scholarly journals Large Artery Stiffness and Brain Health: Insights from Animal Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R Winder ◽  
Emily H Reeve ◽  
Ashley E Walker
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Artery Stiffness ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

There are no effective treatments available to halt or reverse the progression of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the underlying mechanisms of disease etiology and progression in order to identify novel therapeutic targets. Age-related changes to vasculature, particularly increases in stiffness of the large elastic arteries, are now recognized as important contributors to brain aging. There is a growing body of evidence for an association between greater large artery stiffness and cognitive impairment among both healthy older adults and patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, studies in humans are limited to only correlative evidence while animal models allow researchers to explore the causative mechanisms linking arterial stiffness to neurocognitive dysfunction and disease. Recently, several rodent models of direct modulation of large artery stiffness and the consequent effects on the brain have been reported. Common outcomes among these models have emerged, including evidence that greater large artery stiffness causes cerebrovascular dysfunction associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. The purpose of this mini review is to highlight recent findings associating large artery stiffness with deleterious brain outcomes, with a specific focus on causative evidence obtained from animal models. We will also discuss the gaps in knowledge that remain in our understanding of how large artery stiffness affects brain function and disease outcomes.

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