scholarly journals A Brief Exposure to Moderate Passive Smoke Increases Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone Secretion

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgos S. Metsios ◽  
Andreas D. Flouris ◽  
Athanasios Z. Jamurtas ◽  
Andres E. Carrillo ◽  
Demetrios Kouretas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Urine Cotinine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract Context: Active smoking influences normal metabolic status and thyroid function. Objective: The objective was to assess experimentally the effects of 1 h of moderate passive smoking in a controlled simulated bar/restaurant environment on the metabolism and thyroid hormone levels in healthy nonsmokers. Participants: Eighteen (nine females, nine males) healthy individuals (mean ± sd: age, 25.3 ± 3.1 yr; height, 174.0 ± 10.1 cm; weight, 65.2 ± 13.7 kg) participated in the study. Design: In repeated-measures randomized blocks, participants visited the laboratory on 2 consecutive days. In the experimental condition, they were exposed to 1 h of moderate passive smoking at a carbon monoxide concentration of 23 ± 1 ppm in an environmental chamber, whereas in the control condition participants remained in the same chamber for 1 h breathing normal atmospheric air. Main Outcome Measures: In both conditions, cotinine serum and urine levels, resting energy expenditure (REE), as well as concentration of T3, free T4, and TSH were assessed before participants entered the chamber and immediately after their exit. Heart rate and blood pressure were tested in 10-min intervals during all REE assessments. Results: The mean ± sd difference of serum and urine cotinine levels (−0.27 ± 3.94 vs. 14.01 ± 6.54 and 0.05 ± 2.07 vs. 7.23 ± 3.75, respectively), REE (6.73 ± 98.06 vs. 80.58 ± 120.91) as well as T3 and free T4 (0.05 ± 0.11 vs. 0.13 ± 0.12 and 0.02 ± 0.15 vs. 0.22 ± 0.20) were increased in the experimental compared with the control condition at baseline and follow-up (P < 0.05). No statistically significant variation was observed in the mean difference of the remaining parameters (P > 0.05). Serum and urine cotinine values were linearly associated with REE (P < 0.05). Conclusion: One hour of passive smoking at bar/restaurant levels is accompanied by significant increases in metabolism and thyroid hormone levels.

The Effect of Long-Term Metabolic Control on Free Thyroid Hormone Levels in Diabetics during Insulin Treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Parr
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Free Thyroid Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Serum concentration of free T3 and, in female patients, FT4, were found to be lower in 20 asymptomatic, moderately-poor or well controlled, diabetics treated with insulin than in a group of non-diabetic subjects. Over a mean 3-month period of the study a significant fall occurred in HbA1 concentration in both groups of diabetics without change in free thyroid hormone levels. The mean capillary blood glucose, fasting free insulin and fasting lipid concentrations, other than high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, did not change. No correlations were found between the changes in HbA1 and free thyroid hormone concentrations. Improvement in long term metabolic control did not influence free thyroid hormone levels in well controlled and moderately-poor controlled diabetics, taking insulin.

scholarly journals Rescue pre-operative treatment with Lugol’s solution in uncontrolled Graves’ disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Calissendorff ◽  
Henrik Falhammar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Background Graves’ disease is a common cause of hyperthyroidism. Three therapies have been used for decades: pharmacologic therapy, surgery and radioiodine. In case of adverse events, especially agranulocytosis or hepatotoxicity, pre-treatment with Lugol’s solution containing iodine/potassium iodide to induce euthyroidism before surgery could be advocated, but this has rarely been reported. Methods All patients hospitalised due to uncontrolled hyperthyroidism at the Karolinska University Hospital 2005–2015 and treated with Lugol’s solution were included. All electronic files were carefully reviewed manually, with focus on the cause of treatment and admission, demographic data, and effects of iodine on thyroid hormone levels and pulse frequency. Results Twenty-seven patients were included. Lugol’s solution had been chosen due to agranulocytosis in 9 (33%), hepatotoxicity in 2 (7%), other side effects in 11 (41%) and poor adherence to medication in 5 (19%). Levels of free T4, free T3 and heart rate decreased significantly after 5–9 days of iodine therapy (free T4 53–20 pmol/L, P = 0.0002; free T3 20–6.5 pmol/L, P = 0.04; heart rate 87–76 beats/min P = 0.0007), whereas TSH remained unchanged. Side effects were noted in 4 (15%) (rash n = 2, rash and vomiting n = 1, swelling of fingers n = 1). Thyroidectomy was performed in 26 patients (96%) and one was treated with radioiodine; all treatments were without serious complications. Conclusion Treatment of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism with Lugol’s solution before definitive treatment is safe and it decreases thyroid hormone levels and heart rate. Side effects were limited. Lugol’s solution could be recommended pre-operatively in Graves’ disease with failed medical treatment, especially if side effects to anti-thyroid drugs have occurred.

scholarly journals Study of Thyroid Hormone Status in Normal Newborn and Preterm, Low Birth Weight Baby

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 787-790
Author(s):  
Tanvir Iqbal ◽  
M Obaidulla Ibne Ali ◽  
Nur E Atia ◽  
Tahorul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Newborn Baby ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Background: Screening for thyroid hormones in the newborn baby is extremely important to detect the newborns who are borned with hypofunctional state of thyroid gland. This screening program in first few weeks of life is essential to prevent serious complications of hypothyroidism in future such as mental retardation.Objective: To assess the thyroid hormone levels in normal newborn and preterm, low birth weight babies and comparison of thyroid dysfunction between these two groups.Method: This cross - sectional analytical type of study was conducted in the department of physiology and paediatrics of Rajshahi Medical College & Hospital (RMCH) from July 2015 to June 2016. A total of 70 newborn baby were enrolled by systematic sampling of which 40 were normal healthy newborn and 30 were preterm, low birth weight babies. Data was collected from the parents and they were filled out standard questionnaire. Then venous blood was collected from each and every neonate and blood was sent to laboratory for estimation of thyroid hormone levels. FT4 and TSH values were estimated as these two are the most important parameters for determination of thyroid function.Result: In this study, the mean (±SD) serum FT4 level in term and preterm neonates were 14.17±2.14 and 12.25±3.16 (pg/ml) respectively. This FT4 value is significantly higher in term neonates than preterm neonates (P<0.05). The mean (±SD) serum TSH level in term and preterm neonates were 3.37±2.12 and 4.23±3.23 (?IU/ml) respectively. Statistically there was no significant difference in TSH values between these two groups (P 0.05).Conclusion: From this study it was evident that preterm, low birth weight babies are more likely to develop hypofunctional state of thyroid gland than normal term babies. The newborns who were found hypothyroid, were informed to their parents for consultation with the concerned physicians. The physicians then took necessary steps to correct the hypofunctional state of thyroid gland.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 787-790

scholarly journals Thyroid Autoantibodies Are Rare in Nonhuman Great Apes and Hypothyroidism Cannot Be Attributed to Thyroid Autoimmunity

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (12) ◽  
pp. 4896-4907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Aliesky ◽  
Cynthia L. Courtney ◽  
Basil Rapoport ◽  
Sandra M. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

The great apes include, in addition to Homo, the genera Pongo (orangutans), Gorilla (gorillas), and Pan, the latter comprising two species, P. troglodytes (chimpanzees) and P. paniscus (bonobos). Adult-onset hypothyroidism was previously reported in 4 individual nonhuman great apes. However, there is scarce information on normal serum thyroid hormone levels and virtually no data for thyroid autoantibodies in these animals. Therefore, we examined thyroid hormone levels and TSH in all nonhuman great ape genera including adults, adolescents, and infants. Because hypothyroidism in humans is commonly the end result of thyroid autoimmunity, we also tested healthy and hypothyroid nonhuman great apes for antibodies to thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and the TSH receptor (TSHR). We established a thyroid hormone and TSH database in orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos (447 individuals). The most striking differences are the greatly reduced free-T4 and free-T3 levels in orangutans and gorillas vs chimpanzees and bonobos, and conversely, elevated TSH levels in gorillas vs Pan species. Antibodies to Tg and TPO were detected in only 2.6% of adult animals vs approximately 10% in humans. No animals with Tg, TPO, or TSHR antibodies exhibited thyroid dysfunction. Conversely, hypothyroid nonhuman great apes lacked thyroid autoantibodies. Moreover, thyroid histology in necropsy tissues was similar in euthyroid and hypothyroid individuals, and lymphocytic infiltration was absent in 2 hypothyroid animals. In conclusion, free T4 and free T3 are lower in orangutans and gorillas vs chimpanzees and bonobos, the closest living human relatives. Moreover, thyroid autoantibodies are rare and hypothyroidism is unrelated to thyroid autoimmunity in nonhuman great apes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Antithyroid Drug Pretreatment on Acute Changes in Thyroid Hormone Levels after 131I Ablation for Graves’ Disease1

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 3016-3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Burch ◽  
B. L. Solomon ◽  
D. S. Cooper ◽  
P. Ferguson ◽  
N. Walpert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Acute Changes

Acute changes in thyroid hormone levels before and after radioiodine therapy for Graves’ disease were compared in 42 patients randomized to receive either antithyroid drug pretreatment or no pretreatment. Five patients (11.9%), including 3 in the pretreatment arm and 2 in the no pretreatment arm experienced a late exacerbation of thyrotoxicosis after radioiodine therapy. The majority (19 of 21, 90.5%) of pretreated patients experienced a transient increase in free T4 and free T3 after discontinuation of antithyroid drugs, with little further elevation after radioiodine therapy. After stopping antithyroid drugs and before radioiodine administration, mean serum free T4 values rose from 14.7 ± 6.9 to 21.6 ± 12.1 pmol/L, representing a 46.9% increase, whereas serum free T3 levels rose from 4.9± 1.7 to 8.1 ± 6.3 pmol/L, representing a 65.3% increase. The average pretreated patient experienced a 52.4% increase [95% confidence interval (CI), +26.4% to +78.5%] in free T4 and a 61.8% increase (95% CI, +23.5% to +100.0%) in free T3. Conversely, the majority (19 of 21, 90.5%) of nonpretreated patients experienced a rapid decline in thyroid hormone levels after radioiodine treatment. Over the 14 days after radioiodine therapy mean free T4 values in nonpretreated patients fell from 85.8 ± 60.4 to 58.0 ± 76.5 pmol/L, representing a 32.4% decrease, whereas mean free T3 levels fell from 16.1 ± 8.0 to 10.8 ± 11.1 pmol/L, representing a 32.9% decrease. The average nonpretreated patient experienced a 20.6% decrease (95% CI, −47.3% to +7.0%) in free T4 and a 24.3% decrease (95% CI, −1.2% to −47.4%) in free T3 during this time period. Excluding 2 patients with a late exacerbation after radioiodine, 19 nonpretreated patients experienced a decrease in mean free T4 values from 76.8 ± 46.6 to 36.6 ± 19.8 pmol/L, representing a 52.3% decrease, whereas mean free T3 levels fell from 15.5 ± 7.7 to 7.8 ± 3.6 pmol/L, representing a 49.7% decrease. The average decrease in free T4 levels among this subgroup of patients was 30.1% (95% CI, −4.6% to −55.6%), whereas the average decrease in free T3 was 34.4% (95% CI, −13.7% to −55.1%). High levels of TSH receptor autoantibodies at diagnosis were associated with an acute worsening of thyrotoxicosis after stopping antithyroid drug pretreatment. We conclude that pretreatment with antithyroid drugs does not protect against worsening thyrotoxicosis after radioiodine, but may allow such patients to start from a lower baseline level should an aggravation in thyrotoxicosis occur. The findings support the recommendation that most patients with Graves’ disease do not require antithyroid drug pretreatment before receiving radioiodine.

scholarly journals Common Variation in the DIO2 Gene Predicts Baseline Psychological Well-Being and Response to Combination Thyroxine Plus Triiodothyronine Therapy in Hypothyroid Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1623-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Panicker ◽  
Ponnusamy Saravanan ◽  
Bijay Vaidya ◽  
Jonathan Evans ◽  
Andrew T. Hattersley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Common Variants ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Abstract Introduction: Animal studies suggest that up to 80% of intracellular T3 in the brain is derived from circulating T4 by local deiodination. We hypothesized that in patients on T4 common variants in the deiodinase genes might influence baseline psychological well-being and any improvement on combined T4/T3 without necessarily affecting serum thyroid hormone levels. Methods: We analyzed common variants in the three deiodinase genes vs. baseline psychological morbidity and response to T4/T3 in 552 subjects on T4 from the Weston Area T4 T3 Study (WATTS). Primary outcome was improvement in psychological well-being assessed by the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12). Results: The rarer CC genotype of the rs225014 polymorphism in the deiodinase 2 gene (DIO2) was present in 16% of the study population and was associated with worse baseline GHQ scores in patients on T4 (CC vs. TT genotype: 14.1 vs. 12.8, P = 0.03). In addition, this genotype showed greater improvement on T4/T3 therapy compared with T4 only by 2.3 GHQ points at 3 months and 1.4 at 12 months (P = 0.03 for repeated measures ANOVA). This polymorphism had no impact on circulating thyroid hormone levels. Conclusions: Our results require replication but suggest that commonly inherited variation in the DIO2 gene is associated both with impaired baseline psychological well-being on T4 and enhanced response to combination T4/T3 therapy, but did not affect serum thyroid hormone levels.

Pre-diagnosis thyroid hormone dysfunction is associated with cancer mortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilon Krashin ◽  
Barbara Silverman ◽  
David M Steinberg ◽  
Daniel Yekutieli ◽  
Shmuel Giveon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Research on the association between thyroid hormone levels and cancer mortality remains limited and inconclusive. We determined the relation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) levels with mortality in overall cancer and specific tumor types. Thyroid hormone levels one to five years prior to cancer diagnosis, as well as multiple clinical and demographic parameters, were retrospectively collected for 10,325 Israeli cancer patients, diagnosed between 2000 and 2016. Patients treated with thyroid altering medications were excluded. Cancer diagnosis was determined via the Israel National Cancer Registry (INCR). Multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the hazard ratios (HR) based on thyroid hormone function for cancer mortality. 5,265 patients died during the follow-up period (median of 4.4 years). TSH, FT4 and FT3 levels in the hypothyroid range were associated with increase in overall mortality (adjusted HR 1.20; 1.74; 1.87, respectively). We further analyzed the association between TSH and mortality in fourteen cancer subgroups. Specifically, TSH in both the hyperthyroid and hypothyroid range was associated with melanoma mortality (adjusted HR 2.20 ; 4.47, respectively). In conclusion, pre-diagnosis thyroid dysfunction is associated with increased cancer mortality, a relation likely driven by specific cancer types. These findings suggest that thyroid hormones may potentially serve as prognostic markers in cancer.

scholarly journals Characterization of Fetal Thyroid Levels at Delivery among Appalachian Infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3056
Author(s):  
Madison N. Crank ◽  
Jesse N. Cottrell ◽  
Brenda L. Mitchell ◽  
Monica A. Valentovic
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fetal Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Thyroid disorders are a frequently encountered issue during pregnancy and a cause of maternal and fetal morbidity. In regions like Appalachia that are particularly susceptible to health disparities, descriptive studies are needed to assist in identifying pathologic derangements. We sought to characterize fetal thyroid hormone levels at delivery and investigate whether or not maternal demographic characteristics affect the prevalence of neonatal thyroid disease. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 130 pregnant women recruited from the Tri-State region, incorporating areas of Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia. Total triiodothyronine (T3) (p = 0.4799), free T3 (p = 0.6323), T3 uptake (p = 0.0926), total thyroxine (T4) (p = 0.8316), free T4 (p = 0.0566), and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (p = 0.8745) levels were comparable between urban and rural newborns. We found no effect of hypertension status or nicotine levels on fetal umbilical cord thyroid hormone levels. Maternal diabetic status was associated with lower T4 (p = 0.0099) and free T4 (p = 0.0025) levels. Cotinine affected levels of T4 (p = 0.0339). In regard to maternal Body Mass Index (BMI), there was an increase in total T3 as BMI increased (p = 0.0367) and no significant difference in free T3, T3 uptake, T4, free T4, or TSH. There was a negative correlation between TSH and 1 min Apgar scores (p = 0.0058). Lead and cadmium have been implicated to alter TSH levels, but no correlation was found in our study (r2 = 0.0277). There were no differences in cord blood between urban (37.3 ± 10.3 fmol/ug DNA) and rural (70.5 ± 26.8 fmol/ug DNA) benzo(a)pyrene DNA adducts (p = 0.174). Thyroid disorders present a unique opportunity for the prevention of perinatal morbidity and mortality, since maternal treatment, as well as maternal demographic characteristics, can have direct fetal effects.

LOW SERUM TSH WITH NORMAL TOTAL THYROID HORMONE LEVELS: AN INDICATOR OF FREE T4 EXCESS

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. O'MALLEY ◽  
F. D. ROSENTHAL ◽  
A. EXLEY ◽  
J. F. FALCONER-SMITH ◽  
J. MAHABIR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Low Serum

scholarly journals THYROID STATUS IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Zhanar Nurgaliyeva Zhanar Nurgaliyeva ◽  
Araily Manasbaeva Araily Manasbaeva ◽  
Sakhipzhamal Sabirova Sakhipzhamal Sabirova ◽  
Saiyara Nadyrova Saiyara Nadyrova ◽  
Alfira Muratkhan Alfira Muratkhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

The mutually aggravating effect of comorbid diseases of diabetes mellitus (DM) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is of scientific interest to researchers. Timely assessment of the thyroid status in children with DM and correction of thyroid pathology (TP) will improve metabolic control in these patients. Аmong 972 children with DM, 478 (49.2%) were assessed for thyroid status. It is noted that every year the determination of thyroid hormone levels in children increased from 7.6% (in 2014) to 92.1% (in 2019). Among 478 examined children, 319 (66.7%) had significantly revealed thyroid dysfunction. In the structure of thyroid pathologies, the frequency of hypothyroidism was 12.5% (in 11.3% - subclinical form), hyperthyroidism - 4%. functional changes in the concentration of thyroid hormones as Euthyroid sick syndrome were observed in 23.8%. The most common type of dysfunction was an isolated increase in free T3 (isolated T3 toxicosis) – in 43.3% of cases. In 2 cases out of 18 (0.6%), a complete picture of AIT was presented, and in the remaining 16 (5.1%), signs of AIT were observed only on ultrasound of the thyroid gland, and were not confirmed by the concentrations of anti-TPO Ab, anti-TG Ab. In 47 (14.7%) children, laboratory data on thyroid hormone levels showed elevated values of TSH, free T3, free T4. Keywords: children, diabetes mellitus, thyroid status, autoimmune thyroiditis

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