scholarly journals Risk of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients with Celiac Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 3595-3598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Elfström ◽  
Scott M. Montgomery ◽  
Olle Kämpe ◽  
Anders Ekbom ◽  
Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
General Population Cohort

Abstract Objectives: Earlier research has suggested a positive association between Addison’s disease (AD) and celiac disease (CD). We have here investigated the risk of AD in individuals with CD from a general population cohort. Methods: Through the Swedish national registers we identified 14,366 individuals with a diagnosis of CD (1964–2003) and 70,095 reference individuals matched for age, sex, calendar year, and county of residence. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for subsequent AD. Analyses were restricted to individuals with more than 1 yr of follow-up and without AD prior to study entry or within 1 yr after study entry. Conditional logistic regression estimated the odds ratio for CD in individuals with prior AD. Results: There was a statistically significantly positive association between CD and subsequent AD [HR = 11.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.4–29.6]. This risk increase was seen in both children and adults and did not change with adjustment for diabetes mellitus or socioeconomic status. When we restricted reference individuals to inpatients, the adjusted HR for AD was 4.6 (95% CI = 1.9–11.4). Individuals with prior AD were at increased risk of CD (odds ratio = 8.6; 95% CI = 3.4–21.8). Conclusions: This study found a highly increased risk of AD in individuals with CD. This relationship was independent of temporal sequence. We therefore recommend that individuals with AD should be screened for CD. We also suggest an increased awareness of AD in individuals with CD.

scholarly journals Risk of Thyroid Disease in Individuals with Celiac Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 3915-3921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Elfström ◽  
Scott M. Montgomery ◽  
Olle Kämpe ◽  
Anders Ekbom ◽  
Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Population Cohort ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: It has been suggested that celiac disease is associated with thyroid disease. Earlier studies, however, have been predominately cross-sectional and have often lacked controls. There is hence a need for further research. In this study, we estimated the risk of thyroid disease in individuals with celiac disease from a general population cohort. Methods: A total of 14,021 individuals with celiac disease (1964–2003) and a matched reference population of 68,068 individuals were identified through the Swedish national registers. Cox regression estimated the risk of thyroid disease in subjects with celiac disease. Analyses were restricted to individuals with a follow-up of more than 1 yr and with no thyroid disease before study entry or within 1 yr after study entry. Conditional logistic regression estimated the odds ratio for subsequent celiac disease in individuals with thyroid disease. Results: Celiac disease was positively associated with hypothyroidism [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.4–5.6; P < 0.001], thyroiditis (HR = 3.6; 95% CI =1.9–6.7; P < 0.001) and hyperthyroidism (HR = 2.9; 95% CI = 2.0–4.2; P < 0.001). The highest risk estimates were found in children (hypothyroidism, HR = 6.0 and 95% CI = 3.4–10.6; thyroiditis, HR = 4.7 and 95% CI = 2.1–10.5; hyperthyroidism, HR = 4.8 and 95% CI = 2.5–9.4). In post hoc analyses, where the reference population was restricted to inpatients, the adjusted HR was 3.4 for hypothyroidism (95% CI = 2.7–4.4; P < 0.001), 3.3 for thyroiditis (95% CI = 1.5–7.7; P < 0.001), and 3.1 for hyperthyroidism (95% CI = 2.0–4.8; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Celiac disease is associated with thyroid disease, and these associations were seen regardless of temporal sequence. This indicates shared etiology and that these individuals are more susceptible to autoimmune disease.

scholarly journals Increased risk of ovarian cancer in integrin β3 Leu33Pro homozygotes

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Bojesen ◽  
S K Kjær ◽  
E V S Høgdall ◽  
B L Thomsen ◽  
C K Høgdall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Control Study

We previously demonstrated that integrin β3 Leu33Pro homozygotes have an increased risk of cancer, possibly most pronounced for ovarian cancer. We now test the latter hypothesis in case-control and prospective studies. We genotyped 463 Danish women with ovarian cancer, and 4291 women from the Danish general population. Calculation of odds ratios by conditional logistic regression was performed in the case-control study (n=463 + 3543), and of ovarian cancer incidence, log-rank statistics and hazard ratios by Cox regression in the prospective study (n=4291) with 9.5-year follow-up. In the case-control study matched for age and marital status, the odds ratio for ovarian cancer in homozygotes versus non-carriers was 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.0–2.6). In the prospective study with 28 incident ovarian cancers, non-carriers and homozygotes had incidences of 7 (4–11) and 30 (10–92) per 10 000 person-years (log-rank P=0.02). The age-adjusted hazard ratio for ovarian cancer in homozygotes versus non-carriers was 3.9 (1.1–13). Risk of ovarian cancer did not differ between heterozygotes and non-carriers in either study. Integrin β3 Leu33Pro homozygotes have an increased risk of ovarian cancer.

Insomnia among elderly men and risk of prostate cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 78-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Sigurdardottir ◽  
Unnur Anna Valdimarsdottir ◽  
Lorelei Mucci ◽  
Katja Fall ◽  
Jennifer R. Rider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Biological Explanation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

78 Background: While a large number of studies have reported a positive association between sleep disruption and breast cancer, little is known about its potential role in prostate cancer. Methods: Within the prospective AGES-Reykjavik cohort study, we followed 2102 men from 2002-2006 until the end of 2009. The men answered questions on sleep disturbances, which were combined in various ways to reflect onset and/or maintenance insomnia. Information on the occurrence of prostate cancer was obtained through record-linkages across the Icelandic Cancer and Causes of Death Registers. We used Cox regression models with 95% confidence intervals [CIs] to estimate age- and multivariable adjusted hazard ratios [HR] of prostate cancer by symptoms of insomnia. Results: During follow-up, 135 men (6,4%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Compared to men without insomnia, men with severe onset and maintenance insomnia and very severe insomnia were at increased risk of total prostate cancer with HR 1.9 (CI 1.2, 3.0) and 2.2 (CI 1.3, 3.8), respectively. For advanced prostate cancer, the corresponding HRs were 2.3 (CI 0.9-6.2) and 3.7 (CI 1.4-9.9), respectively. Conclusions: These data suggest that insomnia may confer an increased risk of prostate cancer. Reduced melatonin levels represent a plausible biological explanation, although additional studies using biomarkers and longer follow-up times are needed to further clarify the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Mucosal healing and the risk of serious infections in patients with celiac disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Emilsson ◽  
Benjamin Lebwohl ◽  
Peter HR Green ◽  
Joseph A Murray ◽  
Karl Mårild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Mucosal Healing ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Patients with celiac disease (CD) are at increased risk of certain infections, but it is unknown if mucosal healing influences this risk. Methods We collected data on 29,096 individuals with CD (equal to villous atrophy) through Sweden’s 28 pathology departments undergoing biopsy 1969–2008. Through the Swedish Patient Register we obtained information on any infection and specifically sepsis, streptococcal infection, influenza, Clostridium difficile, herpes zoster and pneumococcal infection up until December 2009. We used Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of future diagnosis of infection according to mucosal healing on follow-up biopsy (persistent villous atrophy vs mucosal healing). Results Of 5598 CD individuals with no record of any infections before follow-up biopsy, 45% had persistent villous atrophy, 619 (24%) of them had a later infection, compared to 579 (19%) in those with mucosal healing ( p < 0.01); the yearly incidence was 2.1% in both groups. Adjusting for age, sex, calendar period, time between biopsies and education, persistent villous atrophy was however not associated with later infection overall (HR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.88–1.11) or with any of the specific infections. Conclusions In CD, mucosal healing does not influence the risk of serious infection requiring hospital-based medical attention.

scholarly journals Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia have increased risk of re-hospitalization after acute myocardial infarction compared with controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Svendsen ◽  
H.W Krogh ◽  
J Igland ◽  
G.S Tell ◽  
L.J Mundal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
University Of Oslo

Abstract Background and aim We have previously reported that individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have a two-fold increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared with the general population. The consequences of having an AMI on re-hospitalization and mortality are however less known. The aim of the present study was to compare the risk of re-hospitalization with AMI and CHD and risk of mortality after incident (first) AMI-hospitalization between persons with and without FH (controls). Methods The original study population comprised 5691 persons diagnosed with FH during 1992–2014 and 119511 age and sex matched controls randomly selected from the general Norwegian population. We identified 221 individuals with FH and 1947 controls with an incident AMI registered in the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR) or the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway Project during 2001–2017. Persons with incident AMI were followed until December 31st 2017 for re-hospitalization with AMI or coronary heart disease (CHD) registered in the NPR, and for mortality through linkage to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Risk of re-hospitalization was compared with sub-hazard ratios (SHR) from competing risk regression with death as competing event, and mortality was compared using hazard ratios (HR) from Cox regression. All models were adjusted for age. Results Risk of re-hospitalization was 2-fold increased both for AMI [SHR=2.53 (95% CI: 1.88–3.41)] and CHD [SHR=1.82 (95% CI: 1.44–2.28)]. However, persons with FH did not have increased 28-day mortality following an incident AMI (HR=1.05 (95% CI: 0.62–1.78), but the longer-term (&gt;28 days) mortality after first AMI was increased in FH [HR=1.45 (95% CI: 1.07–1.95]. Conclusion This study yields the important finding that persons with FH have increased risk of re-hospitalization of both AMI and CHD after incident AMI. These findings call for more intensive follow-up of individuals with FH after an AMI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital

Depression, antidepressants, and the risk of non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A nationwide Danish matched cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Fenger-Grøn ◽  
Mogens Vestergaard ◽  
Henrik S Pedersen ◽  
Lars Frost ◽  
Erik T Parner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Matched Sample ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Depression is associated with an increased risk of a series of cardiovascular diseases and with increased symptom burden in patients with atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to determine the association between depression as well as antidepressant treatment and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation. Design A nationwide register-based study comparing the atrial fibrillation risk in all Danes initiating antidepressant treatment from 2000 to 2013 ( N = 785,254) with that in a 1:5-matched sample from the general population. Methods Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), both after initiation of treatment and in the month before when patients were assumed to have medically untreated depression. Results Antidepressant treatment was associated with a three-fold higher risk of atrial fibrillation during the first month (aHR = 3.18 (95% CI: 2.98–3.39)). This association gradually attenuated over the following year (aHR = 1.37 (95% CI: 1.31–1.44) 2–6 months after antidepressant therapy initiation, and aHR = 1.11 (95% CI: 1.06–1.16) 6–12 months after). However, the associated atrial fibrillation risk was even higher in the month before starting antidepressant treatment (aHR = 7.65 (95% CI: 7.05–8.30) from 30 to 15 days before, and aHR = 4.29 (95% CI: 3.94–4.67) the last 15 days before). Overall, 0.4% of patients were diagnosed with atrial fibrillation from 30 days before to 30 days after antidepressant treatment. Conclusions Antidepressant users had a substantially increased atrial fibrillation risk, particularly before treatment initiation. Whether this mirrors a causal relation between depression and atrial fibrillation may have large consequences for public health and should be discussed.

scholarly journals O39 ASSOCIATION OF DIFFERENT MESH AND MESH FIXATION COMBINATIONS WITH REOPERATION RISK AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC GROIN HERNIA SURGERY. A SWEDISH HERNIA REGISTRY STUDY OF 25,190 TEP AND TAPP REPAIRS

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Novik ◽  
Gabriel Sandblom ◽  
Christoph Ansorge ◽  
Anders Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Fibrin Glue ◽  
Groin Hernia ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Mesh Fixation ◽  
Hernia Surgery ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Hernia Registry ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Absorbable Tacks

Abstract Aim The HerniaSurge guidelines concerning mesh and fixation options in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) groin hernia repair are based on studies focusing on either mesh or fixation. We hypothesized that the value of such recommendations is limited by lacking knowledge on how mesh and fixation interact. The present registry-based nationwide cohort study compared different mesh/fixation combinations regarding relative risks for reoperation after TEP and TAPP. Material and Methods All TEP and TAPP with standard polypropylene (StdPPM) or lightweight (LWM) flat meshes, combined with either tacks, fibrin glue, or no fixation, registered in the Swedish Hernia Registry 2005-2017 were included. Endpoint was reoperation due to recurrence as of December 31, 2018. Multivariable Cox regression rendered relative risk differences between the exposures, expressed as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Of 25 190 repairs, 924 (3.7%) were later reoperated for recurrence. The lowest, mutually equivalent, reoperation risks were associated with StdPPM without fixation (HR 1), StdPPM with metal tacks (HR 0.8, CI 0.4-1.4), StdPPM with fibrin glue (HR 1.1, CI 0.7-1.6), and LWM with fibrin glue (HR 1.2, CI 0.97-1.6). LWM correlated otherwise with increased risk, whether without fixation (HR 2.0, CI 1.6-2.6), or affixed with metal (HR 1.7, CI 1.1-2.7), or absorbable tacks (HR 2.4, CI 1.8-3.1). Conclusions With StdPPM, fixation seems not to improve outcomes, despite being costlier. Thus, for this mesh category, we recommend non-fixation. With LWM, we recommend fibrin glue fixation, which was the only LWM alternative on par with non-affixed StdPPM.

scholarly journals Pregnancy, pregnancy loss and the risk of diabetes in Chinese women: findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
Sanne A. E. Peters ◽  
◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Yiping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractPregnancy and pregnancy loss may be associated with increased risk of diabetes in later life. However, the evidence is inconsistent and sparse, especially among East Asians where reproductive patterns differ importantly from those in the West. We examined the associations of pregnancy and pregnancy loss (miscarriage, induced abortion, and still birth) with the risk of incident diabetes in later life among Chinese women. In 2004–2008, the nationwide China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 302 669 women aged 30–79 years from 10 (5 urban, 5 rural) diverse localities. During 9.2 years of follow-up, 7780 incident cases of diabetes were recorded among 273,383 women without prior diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline. Cox regression yielded multiple-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of diabetes associated with pregnancy and pregnancy loss. Overall, 99% of women had been pregnant, of whom 10%, 53%, and 6% reported having a history of miscarriage, induced abortion, and stillbirth, respectively. Among ever pregnant women, each additional pregnancy was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.04 (95% CI 1.03; 1.06) for diabetes. Compared with those without pregnancy loss, women with a history of pregnancy loss had an adjusted HR of 1.07 (1.02; 1.13) and the HRs increased with increasing number of pregnancy losses, irrespective of the number of livebirths; the adjusted HR was 1.03 (1.00; 1.05) for each additional pregnancy loss. The strength of the relationships differed marginally by type of pregnancy loss. Among Chinese women, a higher number of pregnancies and pregnancy losses were associated with a greater risk of diabetes.

Impact of Male Origin Microchimerism on Cardiovascular Disease in Women: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hallum ◽  
Thomas Alexander Gerds ◽  
Thomas Steen Gyldenstierne Sehested ◽  
Marianne Antonius Jakobsen ◽  
Anne Tjønneland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease In Women ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Unknown Male

Abstract Increasing parity is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in women. This is likely attributed to biological responses of pregnancy. Male cells of presumed fetal origin are commonly present in women years after pregnancy—a phenomenon termed male origin microchimerism. Here, we investigated whether male origin microchimerism was associated with risk of IHD and ischemic stroke in women. We evaluated the association between male origin microchimerism and ischemic events in a cohort of 766 Danish women enrolled in the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort during 1993–1997 when aged 50–64 years. Of these, 545 (71.2%) tested positive for male origin microchimerism by targeting the Y-chromosome (DYS14) in women’s blood. Multiple Cox regression models were used to report hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. We found male origin microchimerism was associated with a significantly reduced rate of IHD (HR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.83), but not ischemic stroke (HR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.46, 1.41). Our findings show that microchimerism-positivity is associated with a lower rate of later IHD development in women. Although the underlying mechanisms are presently unknown, male origin microchimerism may be relevant in women’s cardiovascular health. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Headache as a risk factor for dementia: A prospective population-based study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Hagen ◽  
Eystein Stordal ◽  
Mattias Linde ◽  
Timothy J Steiner ◽  
John-Anker Zwart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Headache has not been established as a risk factor for dementia. The aim of this study was to determine whether any headache was associated with subsequent development of vascular dementia (VaD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or other types of dementia. Methods This prospective population-based cohort study used baseline data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2) performed during 1995–1997 and, from the same Norwegian county, a register of cases diagnosed with dementia during 1997–2010. Participants aged ≥20 years who responded to headache questions in HUNT 2 were categorized (headache free; with any headache; with migraine; with nonmigrainous headache). Hazard ratios (HRs) for later inclusion in the dementia register were estimated using Cox regression analysis. Results Of 51,383 participants providing headache data in HUNT 2, 378 appeared in the dementia register during the follow-up period. Compared to those who were headache free, participants with any headache had increased risk of VaD ( n = 63) (multivariate-adjusted HR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.8, p = 0.002) and of mixed dementia (VaD and AD ( n = 52)) (adjusted HR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.5, p = 0.018). There was no association between any headache and later development of AD ( n = 180). Conclusion In this prospective population-based cohort study, any headache was a risk factor for development of VaD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document