scholarly journals Plasma Osteopontin Increases After Bariatric Surgery and Correlates with Markers of Bone Turnover But Not with Insulin Resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2307-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Riedl ◽  
Greisa Vila ◽  
Christina Maier ◽  
Ammon Handisurya ◽  
Soheila Shakeri-Manesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Context: Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein involved in bone metabolism, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. OPN levels are elevated in the plasma and adipose tissue of obese subjects, and are decreased with diet-induced weight loss. Objective: We investigated the effect of bariatric surgery on plasma OPN concentrations in morbidly obese patients. Setting: The study was performed at a university hospital. Subjects: We investigated 40 obese patients aged 43.1 ± 1.8 yr, scheduled to undergo bariatric surgery. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) was performed in 30 subjects (27 females, three males), and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in 10 subjects (eight females, two males). Study Design: All patients were studied before and 1 yr (10.3–14.8 months) after the intervention. Main Outcome Measures: OPN, leptin, C-reactive protein, insulin, the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, C telopeptide, and osteocalcin were determined. Results: Both bariatric procedures significantly reduced body weight, body mass index, insulin, leptin, and C-reactive protein 1 yr after surgery. Plasma OPN increased from 31.4 ± 3.8 to 52.8 ± 3.7 ng/ml after RYGB (P < 0.001) and from 29.8 ± 6.9 to 46.4 ± 10.6 ng/ml after LAGB (P = 0.042). Preoperative OPN correlated with age, insulin, the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index, and postoperative OPN. Postoperative OPN correlated with C telopeptide and osteocalcin. Conclusions: One year after RYGB and LAGB, plasma OPN levels significantly increased and correlated with biomarkers of bone turnover. Unlike other proinflammatory cytokines, OPN does not normalize but increases further after bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals Identification of cutoff points for Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance index in adolescents: systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Izabel Siqueira de Andrade ◽  
Juliana Souza Oliveira ◽  
Vanessa Sá Leal ◽  
Niedja Maria Silva da Lima ◽  
Emília Chagas Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Cutoff Points ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

scholarly journals Resveratrol Attenuates Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Macrophage Migration to Visceral White Adipose Tissue and Insulin Resistance in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Carreras ◽  
Shelley X. L. Zhang ◽  
Isaac Almendros ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Eduard Peris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Phosphorylated Akt ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Chronic intermittent hypoxia during sleep (IH), as occurs in sleep apnea, promotes systemic insulin resistance. Resveratrol (Resv) has been reported to ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. To examine the effect of Resv on IH-induced metabolic dysfunction, male mice were subjected to IH or room air conditions for 8 weeks and treated with either Resv or vehicle (Veh). Fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and leptin were obtained, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index levels were calculated, and insulin sensitivity tests (phosphorylated AKT [also known as protein kinase B]/total AKT) were performed in 2 visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) depots (epididymal [Epi] and mesenteric [Mes]) along with flow cytometry assessments for VWAT macrophages and phenotypes (M1 and M2). IH-Veh and IH-Resv mice showed initial reductions in food intake with later recovery, with resultant lower body weights after 8 weeks but with IH-Resv showing better increases in body weight vs IH-Veh. IH-Veh and IH-Resv mice exhibited lower fasting glucose levels, but only IH-Veh had increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index vs all 3 other groups. Leptin levels were preserved in IH-Veh but were significantly lower in IH-Resv. Reduced VWAT phosphorylated-AKT/AKT responses to insulin emerged in both Mes and Epi in IH-Veh but normalized in IH-Resv. Increases total macrophage counts and in M1 to M2 ratios occurred in IH-Veh Mes and Epi compared all other 3 groups. Thus, Resv ameliorates food intake and weight gain during IH exposures and markedly attenuates VWAT inflammation and insulin resistance, thereby providing a potentially useful adjunctive therapy for metabolic morbidity in the context of sleep apnea.

scholarly journals Unique Metabolic Features of Adults Discordant for Indices of Insulin Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. e2753-e2763
Author(s):  
Yilin Song ◽  
Esben Søndergaard ◽  
Michael D Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Purpose Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Adipose Insulin Resistance index (ADIPO-IR) values are often concordant. In this study we evaluated whether there are groups discordant for HOMA-IR and ADIPOpalmitate-IR and, if so, what are their defining characteristics. Methods The body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), fasting plasma lipids, insulin, glucose, and free fatty acid (FFA) palmitate concentrations data of 466 volunteers from previous research studies were abstracted and analyzed. The middle 2 population quartiles for HOMA-IR and Adipose Insulin Resistance index palmitate concentration (ADIPOpalmitate-IR) defined medium HOMA-IR and ADIPOpalmitate-IR (MH and MA), the top and bottom quartiles were defined as high/low HOMA (HH/LH), and high/low ADIPOpalmitate as HA/LA. Because ADIPOpalmitate-IR was significantly greater in women than in men, we established sex-specific quartiles for each index. We identified groups discordant for HOMA-IR and ADIPO-IR (HHMA, LHMA, MHHA, and MHLA). Results Body fat and fasting triglycerides (TGs) were significantly greater with higher indices in the concordant groups (HHHA > MHMA > LHLA). MHHA differed from MHLA by visceral fat (P < .01) and fasting TGs (P < .05), whereas HHMA differed (P < .01) from LHMA by BMR. By multivariate regression, the group factor contributed to BMR (P < .01) and visceral fat (P < .05). Conclusions Adults discordant for HOMA-IR and ADIPO-IR have unique features including differences in visceral fat, TGs, and BMR. This suggests different forms of insulin resistance are present, which should be considered when studying insulin resistance in the future.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Insulin Resistance and the Cardiovascular Biomarker Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Obese Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greisa Vila ◽  
Michaela Riedl ◽  
Christian Anderwald ◽  
Michael Resl ◽  
Ammon Handisurya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine linked to obesity comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer. GDF-15 also has adipokine properties and recently emerged as a prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular events. METHODS We evaluated the relationship of plasma GDF-15 concentrations with parameters of obesity, inflammation, and glucose and lipid metabolism in a cohort of 118 morbidly obese patients [mean (SD) age 37.2 (12) years, 89 females, 29 males] and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy lean individuals. All study participants underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; 28 patients were studied before and 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. RESULTS Obese individuals displayed increased plasma GDF-15 concentrations (P < 0.001), with highest concentrations observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. GDF-15 was positively correlated with age, waist-to-height ratio, mean arterial blood pressure, triglycerides, creatinine, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index and negatively correlated with oral glucose insulin sensitivity. Age, homeostatic model assessment index, oral glucose insulin sensitivity, and creatinine were independent predictors of GDF-15 concentrations. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass led to a significant reduction in weight, leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance, but further increased GDF-15 concentrations (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The associations between circulating GDF-15 concentrations and age, insulin resistance, and creatinine might account for the additional cardiovascular predictive information of GDF-15 compared to traditional risk factors. Nevertheless, GDF-15 changes following bariatric surgery suggest an indirect relationship between GDF-15 and insulin resistance. The clinical utility of GDF-15 as a biomarker might be limited until the pathways directly controlling GDF-15 concentrations are better understood.

scholarly journals Is Insulin Resistance at Baseline a Predictor of Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A18-A19
Author(s):  
Marta Borges-Canha ◽  
João Sérgio Neves ◽  
Fernando Mendonça ◽  
Maria Manuel Silva ◽  
Cláudia Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
First Year ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Background: Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is strongly associated to other metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Bariatric surgery is nowadays considered the most effective treatment of morbid obesity. The role of insulin resistance (IR) in weight loss after bariatric surgery is highly unknown. Aim: To evaluate the association between Insulin Resistance (IR) and percentage of excess weight loss (EWL%) one, two, three and four years after bariatric surgery in patients with morbid obesity. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study in patients with morbid obesity followed in our centre between January 2010 and July 2018 were included. Patients were excluded if they had diabetes. We evaluated baseline Homeostatic Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), Homeostatic Model Assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-beta), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) and Matsuda and DeFronzo index, and performed a linear regression concerning each year’s EWL%. Results: After applying the exclusion criteria, 1723 patients were included in this analysis. The logarithm of HOMA-beta was negatively associated with EWL% at second-, third- and fourth-years post-surgery (β=-1.04 [-1.82 to -0.26], p<0.01; β=-1.16 [-2.13 to -0.19], p=0.02; β=-1.29 [-2.64 to 0.06], p=0.061, respectively), adjusting for age, sex, body mass index and type of surgery. This was not observed in the first-year post-surgery nor for the other indexes. Glycaemia at baseline was also positively associated to EWL% at second- and third-years post-surgery. Conclusion: IR at baseline seems to be associated to long term weight loss, explicitly after the first year post bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals Determinants of Early Atherosclerosis in Obese Children and Adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 3025-3032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Beauloye ◽  
Francis Zech ◽  
Hiep Tran Thi Mong ◽  
Philippe Clapuyt ◽  
Marc Maes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model ◽  
Early Atherosclerosis

Abstract Context: Obesity in childhood is associated with an increased mortality due to cardiovascular (CV) diseases in adulthood, independent of adult weight. Recent studies in children indicate that the atherosclerosis process starts at an early age and is linked to obesity. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate determinants of increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), an early marker of atherosclerosis, in obese children. Design: A total of 104 obese children [age, 12.7 ± 0.2 yr; body mass index (BMI)-z-score, 2.8 ± 0.7] underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting levels of glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein and adhesion molecules (sICAM, sVCAM, sE-selectin), lipid profile, adiponectin, and resistin were determined. IMT was measured by ultrasound. Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostatic model assessment index. Baseline measurements of blood parameters were obtained from 93 nonobese children (age, 13.0 ± 0.2 yr; BMI-z-score, −0.2 ± 0.9), and IMT was measured in 23 other control children with similar characteristics. Results: Univariate analysis showed a significant positive correlation between IMT and relative BMI, the degree of systolic hypertension, fasting insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment-R index, and resistin concentrations, whereas an inverse correlation with adiponectin levels was found. No correlation was obtained between IMT and classical CV risk factors such as positive familial history of type 2 diabetes or precocious CV disease, visceral obesity, or the lipid profile. C-reactive protein and adhesion molecule levels were not associated with IMT in our obese population. When controlled for sex, Tanner stage, and relative BMI, only adiponectin levels remained an independent determinant of IMT. Conclusion: Adiponectin more than conventional CV risk factors and inflammation status may be related to early atherosclerosis in obese children.

scholarly journals The Usefulness of Diagnostic Panels Based on Circulating Adipocytokines/Regulatory Peptides, Renal Function Tests, Insulin Resistance Indicators and Lipid-Carbohydrate Metabolism Parameters in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Obesity

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev ◽  
Olga Gala ◽  
Krystyna Olczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Jura-Półtorak ◽  
Paweł Olczyk
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metformin Treatment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

The quantitative analysis of selected regulatory molecules, i.e., adropin, irisin, and vaspin in the plasma of obese patients with newly diagnosed, untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus, and in the same patients after six months of using metformin, in relation to adropinemia, irisinemia and vaspinemia in obese individuals, was performed. The relationship between plasma concentration of the adipocytokines/regulatory peptides and parameters of renal function (albumin/creatinine ratio—ACR, estimated glomerular filtration rate—eGFR), values of insulin resistance indicators (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR2), Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity (HOMA-S), Homeostatic Model Assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), insulin), and parameters of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism (fasting plasma glucose—FPG, glycated hemoglobin—HbA1C, estimated glucose disposal rate—eGDR, fasting lipid profile, TG/HDL ratio) in obese type 2 diabetic patients was also investigated. Circulating irisin and vaspin were found significantly different in subjects with metabolically healthy obesity and in type 2 diabetic patients. Significant increases in blood levels of both analyzed adipokines/regulatory peptides were observed in diabetic patients after six months of metformin treatment, as compared to pre-treatment levels. The change in plasma vaspin level in response to metformin therapy was parallel with the improving of insulin resistance/sensitivity parameters. An attempt was made to identify a set of biochemical tests that would vary greatly in obese non-diabetic subjects and obese patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as a set of parameters that are changing in patients with type 2 diabetes under the influence of six months metformin therapy, and thus differentiating patients′ metabolic state before and after treatment. For these data analyses, both statistical measures of strength of the relationships of individual parameters, as well as multidimensional methods, including discriminant analysis and multifactorial analysis derived from machine learning methods, were used. Adropin, irisin, and vaspin were found as promising regulatory molecules, which may turn out to be useful indicators in the early detection of T2DM and differentiating the obesity phenotype with normal metabolic profile from T2DM obese patients. Multifactorial discriminant analysis revealed that irisin and vaspin plasma levels contribute clinically relevant information concerning the effectiveness of metformin treatment in T2D patients. Among the sets of variables differentiating with the highest accuracy the metabolic state of patients before and after six-month metformin treatment, were: (1) vaspin, HbA1c, HDL, LDL, TG, insulin, and HOMA-B (ACC = 88 [%]); (2) vaspin, irisin, QUICKI, and eGDR (ACC = 86 [%]); as well as, (3) vaspin, irisin, LDL, HOMA-S, ACR, and eGFR (ACC = 86 [%]).

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