scholarly journals MON-041 Diagnostic Performance of Ovarian Morphology for Anovulatory Conditions in Lean and Overweight Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Vanden Brink ◽  
Brittany Y Jarrett ◽  
Nigel Pereira ◽  
Steven D Spandorfer ◽  
Kathleen M Hoeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Health History ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Ovarian Size

Abstract Introduction: Sonographic evidence of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) is a cardinal feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition which reflects a spectrum of phenotypes. The criteria to define PCOM are based on an upper threshold for follicle number and ovarian size in lean, regularly cycling women. Whether ovarian features can be used to distinguish between distinct anovulatory conditions is unclear, as is any impact of body mass index (BMI) on the diagnostic performance of ovarian morphology for anovulatory conditions. Objectives: To determine whether ovarian morphology can discriminate between women with regular cycles, normoandrogenic anovulation (NA-Anov), and hyperandrogenic (HA-Anov) anovulation. Any impact of BMI-specific thresholds to improve the diagnostic performance of ovarian morphology for anovulatory conditions was determined. Methods: Women with HA-Anov (biochemical and/or clinical hyperandrogenism and irregular cycles; N=53), NA-Anov (irregular cycles in the absence of hyperandrogenism; N=42), and normoandrogenic women with regular cycles (Controls, N=41) underwent a reproductive health history, physical exam, transvaginal ultrasound scan of their ovaries and fasting blood tests for reproductive hormones. Follicle number per ovary (FNPO, 2-9mm) and ovarian volume (OV) were determined. The diagnostic performance of sonographic markers for anovulatory conditions was tested using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: FNPO and OV discriminated between HA-Anov and Controls when all women were considered (area under the curve [AUC]=0.82, sensitivity [Se] 72%, specificity [Sp] 90% and AUC=0.84, Se 77%, Se 81%, respectively). The diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.87) and sensitivity (83%) of FNPO improved in lean women (BMI < 25kg/m2), whereas specificity (93%) improved for women with overweight/obesity (BMI > 25kg/m2). By contrast, the diagnostic performance of OV declined when BMI was considered. FNPO discriminated between HA-Anov and NA-Anov in lean women (AUC=0.77) whereas OV discriminated between anovulatory conditions in women with overweight or obesity (AUC=0.76). FNPO, but not OV, differentiated between NA-Anov and controls – albeit thresholds were lower for women in lean (>22 follicles) versus overweight categories (>38 follicles). Conclusion: Ovarian morphology has diagnostic potential for anovulatory conditions – but its performance is impacted by BMI status. OV differentiated between HA and NA status, whereas follicle counts discriminated anovulatory conditions from controls suggesting differential roles for FNPO and OV in reproductive dysfunction. Consideration of BMI improved diagnostic performance in some cases, however the overlap in morphological features between NA- and HA-Anov is too extensive to propose condition-specific thresholds at this time.

Effect of resveratrol administration on ovarian morphology, determined by transvaginal ultrasound for the women with PCOS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Amir Pejman Hashemi Taheri ◽  
Behnaz Moradi ◽  
Amir Reza Radmard ◽  
Milad Sanginabadi ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Ovarian Volume ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Intake of resveratrol has been associated with improved ovarian morphology under in vitro and in the animal models; however, this finding has not been confirmed in trials. The aim of our study was, therefore, to use a placebo-controlled approach with the detailed assessment of the ovarian morphology by applying transvaginal ultrasound to examine the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach in this group of women. Methods: Forty-one women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were randomly assigned (1:1) to 3 months of daily 1000 mg resveratrol or placebo. Random assignment was done by blocked randomisation. Our primary endpoints were the change in the ovarian volume, stromal area and antral follicle count per ovary (FNPO) from the baseline to 3 months. Secondary endpoints were improvement in the distribution of follicles and ovarian echogenicity. Differences between the resveratrol and control groups were evaluated by Chi-square, fisher’s exact test and repeated-measures of ANOVA. Results: The mean age of all participants was 28.61 ± 4.99 years, with the mean BMI of 28.26 ± 5.62 kg/m2. Resveratrol therapy, as compared with placebo, was associated with a significantly higher rate of improvement in the ovarian morphology (p= 0.02). Women who received resveratrol had a more dominant follicle than those getting placebo, with a significant reduction in the ovarian volume (p<0.05). However, the number of FNPO, stromal area, ovarian echogenicity and distribution of follicles were not significantly altered (P>0.05). Conclusions: Treatment with resveratrol significantly reduced the ovarian volume and PCOM, thus suggesting a disease-modifying effect in PCOS. Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT2017061917139N2. Registered 7 July 2017, http://irct.ir/trial/15836.

Age-specific reference values improve the diagnostic performance of AMH in polycystic ovary syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1291-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Evliyaoglu ◽  
Mathias Imöhl ◽  
Ralf Weiskirchen ◽  
Josef van Helden
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent

AbstractBackgroundThe increased secretion of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) by the growing follicles has been supposed as a determinative feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The diagnostic performance of AMH in PCOS is superior compared to the free androgen index (FAI) and luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) quotient. We established age-dependent reference ranges to further improve the diagnostic performance of AMH.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, in samples of 4712 reproductive age patients, ranging from 14 to 50 years, BMI, AMH and other reproductive hormones were determined by immunoassay or tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to calculate age-specific reference ranges and the diagnostic performance.ResultsAge-specific diagnostic performances for Elecsys® AMH, FAI and LH/FSH ratio were established in the reference group. No significant difference in BMI was found between the groups. AMH values were significantly negatively correlated with age (r = −0.628, p < 0.001) in patients with normal ovarian function, but there was no correlation between age and AMH levels in PCOS patients (r = − 0.041, p < 0.174). In all the study groups, AMH showed a weak correlation between FAI and LH/FSH ratio (r = 0.302, p < 0.001 and r = 0.434, p < 0.001, respectively). The sensitivity/specificity for AMH, FAI and LH/FSH ratio were 89/96%, 71/69% and 75/72%, respectively, according to the Youden index.ConclusionsWe determined the age-dependent reference ranges for serum AMH levels in a large population-based study and calculated the age-specific diagnostic performance of FAI and LH/FSH ratio, which allows physicians to evaluate patients with PCOS who have normal AMH levels. AMH is suggested as the strongest diagnostic marker in patients with PCOS compared to FAI and LH/FSH ratio.

scholarly journals REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE LEVELS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME IN SANA'A, YEMEN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libia Sina ◽  
Alariqi Reem ◽  
Wadee Abdullah Al-Shehari ◽  
Wadhah Hassan Edrees ◽  
Raba’a Mohammed Jumaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Group I

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndromes (PCOs) are the most complex endocrine disorders of the female reproductive system with metabolic and psychiatric manifestations. It affects 5%-10% of women of childbearing age. There are paucity of information on PCOs. Therefore the present study aimed at the effect of reproductive hormones, metabolic syndromes, smoking and khat chewing on the PCOs among women in Sana'a Subjects and Methods: The study included 45 Yemeni women of the age group 18-45 years with PCOS classified into two groups regarding age: Group I 18-29 years old, Group II 30-45 years old and underwent clinical assessment (waist, BMI and sex hormones, blood pressure, glucose, lipids, and insulin), and transvaginal ultrasound. Clinical data, history of other diseases and data of chewing and smoking also collected.” Also the study included 45 healthy control women matched in age with the cases. Results: The prevalence of MS among PCOs patients was 35% and the most prevalent MS risk factors among PCOs patients were waist circumference (WC) 64.4%, and HDL-C 64.4% respectively, while prevalence of triglycerides (TG), hypertension and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were 28.9%, 20% and 13.3%, respectively. PCOs patients had significant increase in serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) (p<0.001), Insulin (p<0.001), HOMA-IR (p<0.001), T testosterone (TT) (p<0.001), DHEA-S (p<0.001) and FBS (p<0.016). Lean PCOs patients had a significant increase in TT than overweight/obese PCOs (p < 0.045) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) was found to be significantly higher in PCOs women with MS (p<0.011). Insulin resistance was significantly higher in PCOs women with hypertension as compared to PCOs women without hypertension (p<0.023). Conclusion: There is a relationship between PCOS and reproductive hormone disorder. Patients had significant increases in serum levels of LH, LH/Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Insulin, TT, and DHEA-S. Also, a relationship was found between the syndrome and infertility, hirsutism, irregular menstruation, polycystic ovaries and multiple sclerosis.                    Peer Review History: Received: 10 July 2021; Revised: 12 August; Accepted: 6 September, Available online: 15 September 2021 Academic Editor:  Prof. Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected] Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected] Similar Articles: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE TREATMENT RESULTS OF 40 DIVERSE PATIENTS OF ANEMIA

TO SEPARATELY ASSESS THE DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF TVS & MRI IN THE TERMS OF SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY BY CORRELATING THE IMAGING FINDINGS WITH HISTOPATHOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Adc Mapping ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

This prospective study was done in the Department of Radio diagnosis Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode. A total of 65 patients who were referred to our department with clinical suspicion of endometrial lesions and incidentally detected endometrial lesions on ultrasonography underwent transvaginal ultrasound and subsequent Imaging evaluation of pelvis MRI has very high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (98%) and is almost as accurate (97%) as histopathology in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Addition of DWI with ADC mapping to conventional MRI increases its accuracy even more. However there is inherent limitation to MRI in detecting carcinoma in situ and micrometastasis. Keywords: TVS, MRI, Sensitivity, Specificity, Histopathology.

scholarly journals Evaluation of alpha-l-fucosidase for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xi ◽  
Chunqing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Review Manager

AbstractObjectivesThe main aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of alpha-l-fucosidase (AFU) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsStudies that explored the diagnostic value of AFU in HCC were searched in EMBASE, SCI, and PUBMED. The sensitivity, specificity, and DOR about the accuracy of serum AFU in the diagnosis of HCC were pooled. The methodological quality of each article was evaluated with QUADAS-2 (quality assessment for studies of diagnostic accuracy 2). Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Review Manager 5 and Open Meta-analyst.ResultsEighteen studies were selected in this study. The pooled estimates for AFU vs. α-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of HCC in 18 studies were as follows: sensitivity of 0.7352 (0.6827, 0.7818) vs. 0.7501 (0.6725, 0.8144), and specificity of 0.7681 (0.6946, 0.8283) vs. 0.8208 (0.7586, 0.8697), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 7.974(5.302, 11.993) vs. 13.401 (8.359, 21.483), area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7968 vs. 0.8451, respectively.ConclusionsAFU is comparable to AFP for the diagnosis of HCC.

Glioblastoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma: differentiation using MRI derived first-order texture analysis – a machine learning study

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092199897
Author(s):  
Sarv Priya ◽  
Caitlin Ward ◽  
Thomas Locke ◽  
Neetu Soni ◽  
Ravishankar Pillenahalli Maheshwarappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
First Order ◽  
Single Slice ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic performance of multiple machine learning classifier models derived from first-order histogram texture parameters extracted from T1-weighted contrast-enhanced images in differentiating glioblastoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma. Methods Retrospective study with 97 glioblastoma and 46 primary central nervous system lymphoma patients. Thirty-six different combinations of classifier models and feature selection techniques were evaluated. Five-fold nested cross-validation was performed. Model performance was assessed for whole tumour and largest single slice using receiver operating characteristic curve. Results The cross-validated model performance was relatively similar for the top performing models for both whole tumour and largest single slice (area under the curve 0.909–0.924). However, there was a considerable difference between the worst performing model (logistic regression with full feature set, area under the curve 0.737) and the highest performing model for whole tumour (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model with correlation filter, area under the curve 0.924). For single slice, the multilayer perceptron model with correlation filter had the highest performance (area under the curve 0.914). No significant difference was seen between the diagnostic performance of the top performing model for both whole tumour and largest single slice. Conclusions T1 contrast-enhanced derived first-order texture analysis can differentiate between glioblastoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma with good diagnostic performance. The machine learning performance can vary significantly depending on the model and feature selection methods. Largest single slice and whole tumour analysis show comparable diagnostic performance.

scholarly journals Usefulness of sialic acid for diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill patients: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yao ◽  
Wen-juan Liu ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Jin-yan Xing ◽  
Li-juan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Early diagnosis of sepsis is very important. It is necessary to find effective and adequate biomarkers in order to diagnose sepsis. In this study, we compared the value of sialic acid and procalcitonin for diagnosing sepsis. Methods Newly admitted intensive care unit patients were enrolled from January 2019 to June 2019. We retrospectively collected patient data, including presence of sepsis or not, procalcitonin level and sialic acid level. Receiver operating characteristic curves for the ability of sialic acid, procalcitonin and combination of sialic acid and procalcitonin to diagnose sepsis were carried out. Results A total of 644 patients were admitted to our department from January 2019 to June 2019. The incomplete data were found in 147 patients. Finally, 497 patients data were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve for the diagnosis of sepsis with sialic acid, procalcitonin and combination of sialic acid and procalcitonin were 64.2, 78.3%, 0.763; 67.9, 84.0%, 0.816 and 75.2, 84.6%, 0.854. Moreover, sialic acid had good values for diagnosing septic patients with viral infection, with 87.5% sensitivity, 82.2% specificity, and 0.882 the area under the curve. Conclusions Compared to procalcitonin, sialic acid had a lower diagnostic efficacy for diagnosing sepsis in critically ill patients. However, the combination of sialic acid and procalcitonin had a higher diagnostic efficacy for sepsis. Moreover, sialic acid had good value for diagnosing virus-induced sepsis.

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