Loss of fibroblast growth factor receptors is necessary for terminal differentiation of embryonic limb muscle

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Itoh ◽  
T. Mima ◽  
T. Mikawa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Fgf Signaling ◽  
Myotomal Muscle

Early in embryogenesis, precursors of the limb musculature are generated in the somite, migrate to the limb buds and undergo terminal differentiation. Although myogenic differentiation in culture is affected by several growth factors including fibroblast growth factor (FGF), it remains uncertain whether migration and differentiation of myogenic cells in vivo are directly regulated by such growth factors. To investigate the roles of FGF signaling in the regulation of myogenesis both in the somite and the limb bud, mosaic chicken embryos were generated that consist of somitic cells carrying transgenes expressing one of the following: FGF1, FGF4, the FGF receptor type-1 (FGFR1) or its dominant negative mutant (delta FGFR1). Cells infected with virus producing FGF ligand migrated into the somatopleure without differentiating into myotomal muscle, but differentiated into muscle fibers when they arrived in the limb bud. In contrast, cells overexpressing FGFR1 migrated into the limb muscle mass but remained as undifferentiated myoblasts. Cells infected with the delta FGFR1-producing virus failed to migrate to the somatopleure but were capable of differentiating into myotomal muscle within the somites. These results suggest that the FGFR-mediated FGF signaling (1) blocks terminal differentiation of myogenic cells within the somite and (2) sustains myoblast migration to limb buds from the somite, and that (3) down-regulation of FGFRs or FGFR signaling is involved in mechanisms triggering terminal differentiation of the limb muscle mass during avian embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Effects of prolonged infusion of basic fibroblast growth factor and IGF-I on adrenocortical differentiation in the autotransplanted adrenal: an immunohistochemical study

1999 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Vendeira ◽  
D Pignatelli ◽  
D Neves ◽  
MM Magalhaes ◽  
MC Magalhaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Igf I

Adrenocortical regeneration after adrenal autotransplantation provides a model for the study of local autocrine/paracrine mechanisms involved in the growth and differentiation of the adrenal cortex. To study the possible involvement of some growth factors, namely basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), in cell differentiation, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were carried out on adrenal autotransplants in adult male rats. To distinguish between fasciculata and glomerulosa-like cells with accuracy, tissue sections were immunostained with IZAb, which recognizes the inner zone antigen (IZAg) present in fasciculata and reticularis cells but absent from the glomerulosa, and by electron microscopy. IGF-I-treated animals exhibited a clear glomerulosa-like zone that was devoid of IZAb immunostaining. In this outer subcapsular area, ultrastructural examination showed cells containing mitochondria with irregular cristae resembling those of the fetal or immature glomerulosa cells. In contrast, no significant morphological differences were observed in bFGF-treated animals when compared with those from saline-treated controls, in both of which, IZAb immunostaining occurred in almost all adrenocortical cells, with no clear zonation or glomerulosa, as seen in the intact animal. Plasma aldosterone and corticosterone concentrations were lower in autotransplanted control animals than in intact controls, although plasma renin activities were similar. IGF-I treatment significantly increased aldosterone concentrations, whereas corticosterone and plasma renin activity were reduced. bFGF infusion further reduced plasma aldosterone, although plasma renin activity and corticosterone were unaffected. These results suggest that the two growth factors have different effects on zonal differentiation and function in the autotransplanted gland. In particular, bFGF, by reducing glomerulosa function, appears partly to replicate the actions of ACTH in normal animals. In contrast, IGF-I enhances the glomerulosa secreting phenotype and diminishes that of the fasciculata/reticularis, possibly replicating the actions of angiotensin II or a low sodium diet.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Peptide Human β-Defensin-3 Accelerates Wound Healing by Promoting Angiogenesis, Cell Migration, and Proliferation Through the FGFR/JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Takahashi ◽  
Yoshie Umehara ◽  
Hainan Yue ◽  
Juan Valentin Trujillo-Paez ◽  
Ge Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factors

In addition to its antimicrobial activity, the skin-derived antimicrobial peptide human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3) promotes keratinocyte proliferation and migration to initiate the wound healing process; however, its effects on fibroblasts, which are the major cell type responsible for wound healing, remain unclear. We investigated the role of hBD-3 in cell migration, proliferation and production of angiogenic growth factors in human fibroblasts and evaluated the in vivo effect of hBD-3 on promoting wound healing and angiogenesis. Following hBD-3 treatment, the mouse wounds healed faster and showed accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in the early phase of wound healing and reduction of these phagocytes 4 days later. hBD-3-treated wounds also displayed an increased number of fibroblasts and newly formed vessels compared to those of the control mice. Furthermore, the expression of various angiogenic growth factors was increased in the hBD-3-treated wounds. Additionally, in vitro studies demonstrated that hBD-3 enhanced the secretion of angiogenic growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor and induced the migration and proliferation of human fibroblasts. The hBD-3-mediated activation of fibroblasts involves the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways, as evidenced by the inhibitory effects of pathway-specific inhibitors. We indeed confirmed that hBD-3 enhanced the phosphorylation of FGFR1, JAK2 and STAT3. Collectively, the current study provides novel evidence that hBD-3 might be a potential candidate for the treatment of wounds through its ability to promote wound healing, angiogenesis and fibroblast activation.

scholarly journals What Is a Hormone?

2020 ◽  
pp. S183-S185
Author(s):  
L. STÁRKA ◽  
M. DUŠKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Starling’s original definition of a hormone from 1905 was “a hormone is a substance produced by glands with internal secretion, which serve to carry signals through the blood to target organs”. Today, this definition is understood to be lacking, but newer definitions also do not encompass the entire meaning of hormones as specific carriers of information. One main problem is that there is no delineation between hormones and other signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth factors or autacoid compounds. It seems that a precise definition is not even possible, since some cytokines and growth factors, such as the cytokines erythropoietin, lipocalin-2 and asprosin or fibroblast growth factor 23, act as hormones under certain conditions.

scholarly journals Gene expression of growth factor BMP15, GDF9, FGF2 and their receptors in bovine follicular cells

2018 ◽  
pp. 6778-6787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo S Reineri ◽  
María S. Coria ◽  
María G. Barrionuevo ◽  
Olegario Hernández ◽  
Santiago Callejas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Follicular Cells

Introduction. Growth and follicular maturation involve transformations of various components of the follicle, such as the oocyte, granulosa and techa cells. Several growth factors, including differentiation growth factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenic protein 15 (BMP15) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) are important for follicular development and oocyte maturation, by its ability to increase the proliferation of granulosa, techa cells and the ovarian stroma. Objetive. Evaluate mRNA expression of GDF9, BMP15, FGF2 and their main receptors, transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFβ-R1), bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IB (BMPR-IB) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in bovine follicular cells. Materials and methods. Total RNA was isolated from pooled samples of oocytes (OOs), cumulus cells (CCs) of cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) and follicular cell pellets (PCs) of 70 ovaries obtained from 96 beef heifers, collected at a local abattoir. The expression pattern of growth factors and their receptors in follicular bovine cells was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. The mRNA transcripts encoding GDF9, BMP15, FGF2, TGFβ-R1, BMPR-IB and FGFR2 genes were detected, by RT-PCR, in all studied cells. This is the first time that the expression of TGFβ-R1 and BMPR-IB receptors is reported in bovine oocytes. Conclusions. The presence of growth factors and receptor transcripts in the studied cells indicate that these factors could act as paracrine and autocrine regulators of folliculogenesis.

Correlation of wing-leg identity in ectopic FGF-induced chimeric limbs with the differential expression of chick Tbx5 and Tbx4

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ohuchi ◽  
J. Takeuchi ◽  
H. Yoshioka ◽  
Y. Ishimaru ◽  
K. Ogura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Limb Buds ◽  
Specific Position

It has been reported that members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family can induce additional limb formation in the flank of chick embryos. The phenotype of the ectopic limb depends on the somite level at which it forms: limbs in the anterior flank resemble wings, whereas those in the posterior flank resemble legs. Ectopic limbs located in the mid-flank appear chimeric, possessing characteristics of both wings and legs; feather buds are present in the anterior halves with scales and claws in the posterior halves. To study the mechanisms underlying the chimerism of these additional limbs, we cloned chick Tbx5 and Tbx4 to use as forelimb and hindlimb markers and examined their expression patterns in FGF-induced limb buds. We found that Tbx5 and Tbx4 were differentially expressed in the anterior and posterior halves of additional limb buds in the mid-flank, respectively, consistent with the chimeric patterns of the integument. A boundary of Tbx5/Tbx4 exists in all ectopic limbs, indicating that the additional limbs are essentially chimeric, although the degree of chimerism is dependent on the position. The boundary of Tbx5/Tbx4 expression is not fixed at a specific position within the interlimb region, but dependent upon where FGF was applied. Since the ectopic expression patterns of Tbx5/Tbx4 in the additional limbs are closely correlated with the patterns of their chimeric phenotypes, it is likely that Tbx5 and Tbx4 expression in the limb bud is involved in determination of the forelimb and hindlimb identities, respectively, in vertebrates.

scholarly journals Differential effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 9 and FGF2 on proliferation, differentiation and terminal differentiation of chondrocytic cells in vitro

1999 ◽  
Vol 342 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole B. WEKSLER ◽  
Gregory P. LUNSTRUM ◽  
Eric S. REID ◽  
William A. HORTON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Fgf Receptor ◽  
Chondrocytic Differentiation ◽  
Mitotic Inhibitor

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 9 was compared with FGF2 in its ability to influence proliferation, differentiation, terminal differentiation and apoptosis in a rat calvaria-derived cell line (RCJ 3.1C5.18) that spontaneously undergoes chondrocyte differentiation in vitro. Like FGF2, FGF9 promoted proliferation, but to a lesser extent. In contrast to FGF2, which blocked chondrocytic differentiation, FGF9 had no effect on differentiation but inhibited terminal differentiation. FGF9 also stimulated expression of the mitotic inhibitor p21 to a greater extent than FGF2. Neither ligand influenced apoptosis. The results indicate that FGF9 could account for many of the physiological responses attributed to FGF-receptor activation in the growth plate.

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