Differential expression of a transcription regulatory factor, the LIM domain only 4 protein Lmo4, in muscle sensory neurons

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (21) ◽  
pp. 4879-4889
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Huei Chen ◽  
Joseph W. Yip ◽  
Alexandre F. R. Stewart ◽  
Eric Frank
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Homeodomain Protein ◽  
Lim Domain ◽  
Homeodomain Proteins ◽  
Lim Homeodomain

In the stretch-reflex system, proprioceptive sensory neurons make selective synaptic connections with different subsets of motoneurons, according to the peripheral muscles they supply. To examine the molecular mechanisms that may influence the selection of these synaptic targets, we constructed single-cell cDNA libraries from sensory neurons that innervate antagonist muscles. Differential screening of these libraries identified a transcription regulatory co-factor of the LIM homeodomain proteins, the LIM domain only 4 protein Lmo4, expressed in most adductor but few sartorius sensory neurons. Differential patterns of Lmo4 expression were also seen in sensory neurons supplying three other muscles. A subset of motoneurons also expresses Lmo4 but the pattern of expression is not specific for motor pools. Differential expression of Lmo4 occurs early, as neurons develop their characteristic LIM homeodomain protein expression patterns. Moreover, ablation of limb buds does not block Lmo4 expression, suggesting that an intrinsic program controls the early differential expression of Lmo4. LIM homeodomain proteins are known to regulate several aspects of sensory and motor neuronal development. Our results suggest that Lmo4 may participate in this differentiation by regulating the transcriptional activity of LIM homeodomain proteins.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Ramie (Boehmeria niveaL. Gaud.) in Response to Ramie Moth (Cocytodes coeruleaGuenée) Infestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangbin Zeng ◽  
Airong Shen ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Zhun Yan ◽  
Touming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Pcr Analysis

The ramie mothCocytodes coeruleaGuenée (RM) is an economically important pest that seriously impairs the yield of ramie, an important natural fiber crop. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the ramie-pest interactions are unclear up to date. Therefore, a transcriptome profiling analysis would aid in understanding the ramie defense mechanisms against RM. In this study, we first constructed two cDNA libraries derived from RM-challenged (CH) and unchallenged (CK) ramie leaves. The subsequent sequencing of the CH and CK libraries yielded 40.2 and 62.8 million reads, respectively. Furthermore,de novoassembling of these reads generated 26,759 and 29,988 unigenes, respectively. An integrated assembly of data from these two libraries resulted in 46,533 unigenes, with an average length of 845 bp per unigene. Among these genes, 24,327 (52.28%) were functionally annotated by predicted protein function. A comparative analysis of the CK and CH transcriptome profiles revealed 1,980 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 750 were upregulated and 1,230 were downregulated. A quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of 13 random selected genes confirmed the gene expression patterns that were determined by Illumina sequencing. Among the DEGs, the expression patterns of transcription factors, protease inhibitors, and antioxidant enzymes were studied. Overall, these results provide useful insights into the defense mechanism of ramie against RM.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in Omental Adipose Tissue From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Subjects Reveals miR-222 as a Regulator of ERα Expression in Estrogen-Induced Insulin Resistance

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 1982-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Shi ◽  
Chun Zhao ◽  
Xirong Guo ◽  
Hongjuan Ding ◽  
Yugui Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Omental Adipose Tissue

Omental adipose tissue plays a central role in insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the molecular mechanisms leading to GDM remains vague. Evidence demonstrates that maternal hormones, such as estradiol, contribute to insulin resistance in GDM. In this study we determined the differential expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs) in omental adipose tissues from GDM patients and pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance using AFFX miRNA expression chips. MiR-222, 1 of 17 identified differentially expressed miRNAs, was found to be significantly up-regulated in GDM by quantitative real-time PCR (P < .01), and its expression was closely related with serum estradiol level (P < .05). Furthermore, miR-222 expression was significantly increased in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with a high concentration of 17β-estradiol stimulation (P < .01), whereas the expressions of estrogen receptor (ER)-α protein and insulin-sensitive membrane transporter glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein (P < .01) were markedly reduced. In addition, ERα was shown to be a direct target of miR-222 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by using the luciferase assay. Finally, antisense oligonucleotides of miR-222 transfection was used to silence miR-222 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that the expressions of ERα and GLUT4, the insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane and glucose uptake in mature adipocytes were dramatically increased (P < .01). In conclusion, miR-222 is a potential regulator of ERα expression in estrogen-induced insulin resistance in GDM and might be a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target for GDM.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Homeodomain Proteins Sxi1α and Sxi2a Coordinately Regulate Sexual Development in Cryptococcus neoformans

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Hull ◽  
Marie-Josee Boily ◽  
Joseph Heitman
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Homeodomain Protein ◽  
Homeodomain Proteins ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Cell Type Specific

ABSTRACT Homeodomain proteins are central regulators of development in eukaryotes. In fungi, homeodomain proteins have been shown to control cell identity and sexual development. Cryptococcus neoformans is a human fungal pathogen with a defined sexual cycle that produces spores, the suspected infectious particles. Previously, only a single homeodomain regulatory protein involved in sexual development, Sxi1α, had been identified. Here we present the discovery of Sxi2a, a predicted but heretofore elusive cell-type-specific homeodomain protein essential for the regulation of sexual development. Our studies reveal that Sxi2a is necessary for proper sexual development and sufficient to drive this development in otherwise haploid α cells. We further show that Sxi1α and Sxi2a interact with one another and impart similar expression patterns for two key mating genes. The discovery of Sxi2a and its relationship with Sxi1α leads to a new model for how the sexual cycle is controlled in C. neoformans, with implications for virulence.

scholarly journals Functional analysis of the nuclear LIM domain interactor NLI.

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 5688-5698 ◽  
Author(s):  
L W Jurata ◽  
G N Gill
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Homeodomain Protein ◽  
Lim Domain ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Lim Domains ◽  
Lim Homeodomain

LIM homeodomain and LIM-only (LMO) transcription factors contain two tandemly arranged Zn2+-binding LIM domains capable of mediating protein-protein interactions. These factors have restricted patterns of expression, are found in invertebrates as well as vertebrates, and are required for cell type specification in a variety of developing tissues. A recently identified, widely expressed protein, NLI, binds with high affinity to the LIM domains of LIM homeodomain and LMO proteins in vitro and in vivo. In this study, a 38-amino-acid fragment of NLI was found to be sufficient for the association of NLI with nuclear LIM domains. In addition, NLI was shown to form high affinity homodimers through the amino-terminal 200 amino acids, but dimerization of NLI was not required for association with the LIM homeodomain protein Lmxl. Chemical cross-linking analysis revealed higher-order complexes containing multiple NLI molecules bound to Lmx1, indicating that dimerization of NLI does not interfere with LIM domain interactions. Additionally, NLI formed complexes with Lmx1 on the rat insulin I promoter and inhibited the LIM domain-dependent synergistic transcriptional activation by Lmx1 and the basic helix-loop-helix protein E47 from the rat insulin I minienhancer. These studies indicate that NLI contains at least two functionally independent domains and may serve as a negative regulator of synergistic transcriptional responses which require direct interaction via LIM domains. Thus, NLI may regulate the transcriptional activity of LIM homeodomain proteins by determining specific partner interactions.

scholarly journals Characterization of the microRNA Expression Profiles in the Goat Kid Liver

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Zhao ◽  
Zhibin Ji ◽  
Rong Xuan ◽  
Aili Wang ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Liver Development ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Liver Tissues

The liver is the largest digestive gland in goats with an important role in early metabolic function development. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are crucial for regulating the development and metabolism in the goat liver. In the study, we sequenced the miRNAs in the liver tissues of the goat kid to further research their regulation roles in early liver development. The liver tissues were procured at 5-time points from the Laiwu black goats of 1 day (D1), 2 weeks (W2), 4 weeks (W4), 8 weeks (W8), and 12 weeks (W12) after birth, respectively with five goats per time point, for a total of 25 goats. Our study identified 214 differential expression miRNAs, and the expression patterns of 15 randomly selected miRNAs were examined among all five age groups. The Gene ontology annotation results showed that differential expression miRNA (DE miRNA) target genes were significantly enriched in the fatty acid synthase activity, toxin metabolic process, cell surface, and antibiotic metabolic process. The KEGG analysis result was significantly enriched in steroid hormone synthesis and retinol metabolism pathways. Further miRNA-mRNA regulation network analysis reveals 9 differently expressed miRNA with important regulation roles. Overall, the DE miRNAs were mainly involved in liver development, lipid metabolism, toxin related metabolism-related biological process, and pathways. Our results provide new information about the molecular mechanisms and pathways in the goat kid liver development.

scholarly journals GATA2-Induced Silencing and LIM-Homeodomain Protein-Induced Activation Are Mediated by a Bi-Functional Response Element in the Rat GnRH Receptor Gene

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Schang ◽  
Anne Granger ◽  
Bruno Quérat ◽  
Christian Bleux ◽  
Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Gnrh Receptor ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Homeodomain Protein ◽  
Homeodomain Proteins ◽  
Enhancer Activity ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Lim Homeodomain

GATA2 transcription factor and LIM homeodomain proteins Islet1 (ISL1) and LIM homeobox 3 (LHX3) are suspected to be involved in gonadotrope cell fate and maintenance. The GnRH receptor gene (Gnrhr), crucial for gonadotrope function, is expressed in the pituitary gland from embryonic day 13.5 onward, well before LH and FSH β-subunits. This expression pattern together with the presence of WGATAR and TAAT motifs in Gnrhr promoter sequences suggests the involvement of early transcription factors in promoter activation. In this study, using a well-characterized transgenic mouse model, GATA2 was found colocalized with Gnrhr promoter activity in the pituitary. Transient transfection of Gnrhr promoter luciferase fusion constructs together with either GATA2 expression vectors or small interfering RNA in gonadotrope cell lines indicated that GATA2, which typically acts as a trans-activator, unexpectedly repressed Gnrhr promoter activity. Using DNA chromatography affinity and EMSA, we demonstrated that GATA2 operates via a response element containing a peculiar palindromic GATA motif that overlaps a critical TAAT motif involved in LHX3/ISL1 trans-activation. Indeed, despite the inhibitory action of GATA2, this element displayed a clear-cut enhancer activity in gonadotrope cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that GATA2, LHX3, and ISL1 interact with a Gnrhr promoter fragment encompassing this element. The trans-repressive action of GATA2 on Gnrhr promoter activity is likely balanced or even hindered by trans-activating effects of LIM homeodomain proteins via this novel bifunctional LIM/GATA response element. Such a hierarchical interplay may contribute to finely adjust Gnrhr gene expression in gonadotrope cell lineage during pituitary development as well as in the adult animal.

Interactions of the LIM-domain-binding factor Ldbl with LIM homeodomain proteins

Nature ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 384 (6606) ◽  
pp. 270-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Agulnick ◽  
Masanori Taira ◽  
Joseph J. Breen ◽  
Tomohiro Tanaka ◽  
Igor B. Dawid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lim Domain ◽  
Homeodomain Proteins ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Lim Homeodomain

scholarly journals Distinct profiles of expressed sequence tags during intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumberHolothuria glaberrima

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmencita Rojas-Cartagena ◽  
Pablo Ortíz-Pineda ◽  
Francisco Ramírez-Gómez ◽  
Edna C. Suárez-Castillo ◽  
Vanessa Matos-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Protein Database ◽  
Intestinal Regeneration ◽  
Expressed Sequence

Repair and regeneration are key processes for tissue maintenance, and their disruption may lead to disease states. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underline the repair and regeneration of the digestive tract. The sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima represents an excellent model to dissect and characterize the molecular events during intestinal regeneration. To study the gene expression profile, cDNA libraries were constructed from normal, 3-day, and 7-day regenerating intestines of H. glaberrima. Clones were randomly sequenced and queried against the nonredundant protein database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. RT-PCR analyses were made of several genes to determine their expression profile during intestinal regeneration. A total of 5,173 sequences from three cDNA libraries were obtained. About 46.2, 35.6, and 26.2% of the sequences for the normal, 3-days, and 7-days cDNA libraries, respectively, shared significant similarity with known sequences in the protein database of GenBank but only present 10% of similarity among them. Analysis of the libraries in terms of functional processes, protein domains, and most common sequences suggests that a differential expression profile is taking place during the regeneration process. Further examination of the expressed sequence tag dataset revealed that 12 putative genes are differentially expressed at significant level ( R > 6). Experimental validation by RT-PCR analysis reveals that at least three genes (unknown C-4677-1, melanotransferrin, and centaurin) present a differential expression during regeneration. These findings strongly suggest that the gene expression profile varies among regeneration stages and provide evidence for the existence of differential gene expression.

scholarly journals Diverse molecular mechanisms contribute to differential expression of human duplicated genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J. Shew ◽  
Paulina Carmona-Mora ◽  
Daniela C. Soto ◽  
Mira Mastoras ◽  
Elizabeth Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Human Lymphoblastoid Cell ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

ABSTRACTEmerging evidence links genes within human-specific segmental duplications (HSDs) to traits and diseases unique to our species. Strikingly, despite being nearly identical by sequence (>98.5%), paralogous HSD genes are differentially expressed across human cell and tissue types, though the underlying mechanisms have not been examined. Comparing cross-tissue mRNA levels between humans and chimpanzees, we determined that broadly, HSD paralogs (75 genes from 30 families) display expression patterns consistent with pseudo- or neofunctionalization. In general, the ancestral paralog exhibited greatest expression conservation with the chimpanzee ortholog, though exceptions suggest duplicate paralogs that may retain or supplant ancestral functions. To understand mechanisms underlying this observed regulatory divergence, we reanalyzed data from human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) (n=445), showing that ~75% of derived HSD paralogs exhibit significant differential expression and a greater than two-fold difference from their ancestral counterpart. To identify active cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in HSDs, we reanalyzed ENCODE data to recover hundreds of candidate CREs in these regions. Further, we generated ChIP-seq data for active chromatin features in an LCL using longer Illumina reads to better distinguish peaks in paralogous regions. Some of these duplicated CREs are sufficient to drive differential reporter activity, suggesting they may contribute to divergent cis-regulation of paralogs. This work provides evidence that cis-regulatory divergence contributes to novel expression patterns of recent gene duplicates in humans.

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