Developmental strategies during early embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Einhard Schierenberg
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Free Living ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Multicellular Structure

How the complex, multicellular structure of an organism is generated from the information contained in the uncleaved egg is a central question in developmental studies. Nematodes are particularly suitable for studying this question. A unique combination of favourable properties, including transparent eggshell, normal embryogenesis under the microscope outside the mother, small number of cells and rapid, reproducible development made nematodes classic models for developmental biologists (for reviews see Chitwood & Chitwood, 1974; von Ehrenstein & Schierenberg, 1980). In addition to the attractive features mentioned above, the free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Fig. 1) is also well suited for analysis of the genetic control of development (Brenner, 1974) unlike the classically studied parasitic nematode Parascaris equorum (Ascaris megalocephala). Recently cellular (e.g. Sulston, Schierenberg, White & Thomson, 1983) and genetic (e.g. Sternberg & Horvitz, 1984) aspects of development have been studied extensively in C. elegans.

Interaction of a Free-Living Soil Nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, with Surrogates of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1543-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY L. ANDERSON ◽  
KRISHAUN N. CALDWELL ◽  
LARRY R. BEUCHAT ◽  
PHILLIP L. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Free-living nematodes may harbor, protect, and disperse bacteria, including those ingested and passed in viable form in feces. These nematodes are potential vectors for human pathogens and may play a role in foodborne diseases associated with fruits and vegetables eaten raw. In this study, we evaluated the associations between a free-living soil nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Escherichia coli, an avirulent strain of Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria welshimeri, and Bacillus cereus. On an agar medium, young adult worms quickly moved toward colonies of all four bacteria; over 90% of 3-day-old adult worms entered colonies within 16 min after inoculation. After 48 h, worms moved in and out of colonies of L. welshimeri and B. cereus but remained associated with E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium colonies for at least 96 h. Young adult worms fed on cells of the four bacteria suspended in K medium. Worms survived and reproduced with the use of nutrients derived from all test bacteria, as determined for eggs laid by second-generation worms after culturing for 96 h. Development was slightly slower for worms fed gram-positive bacteria than for worms fed gram-negative bacteria. Worms that fed for 24 h on bacterial lawns formed on tryptic soy agar dispersed bacteria over a 3-h period when they were transferred to a bacteria-free agar surface. The results of this study suggest that C. elegans and perhaps other free-living nematodes are potential vectors for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including foodborne pathogens in soil.

Group effect in the free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to a high ambient temperature

2008 ◽  
Vol 422 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-323
Author(s):  
T. B. Kalinnikova ◽  
A. Kh. Timoshenko ◽  
D. Yu. Galaktionova ◽  
T. M. Gainutdinov ◽  
M. Kh. Gainutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Free Living

Broad oxygen tolerance in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (16) ◽  
pp. 2467-2478 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Van Voorhies ◽  
S. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Short Period

This study examined the effects of oxygen tensions ranging from 0 to 90 kPa on the metabolic rate (rate of carbon dioxide production), movement and survivorship of the free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans requires oxygen to develop and survive. However, it can maintain a normal metabolic rate at oxygen levels of 3.6 kPa and has near-normal metabolic rates at oxygen levels as low as 2 kPa. The ability to withstand low ambient oxygen levels appears to be a consequence of the small body size of C. elegans, which allows diffusion to supply oxygen readily to the cells without requiring any specialized respiratory or metabolic adaptations. Thus, the small size of this organism pre-adapts C. elegans to living in soil environments that commonly become hypoxic. Movement in C. elegans appears to have a relatively minor metabolic cost. Several developmental stages of C. elegans were able to withstand up to 24 h of anoxia without major mortality. Longer periods of anoxia significantly increased mortality, particularly for eggs. Remarkably, long-term exposure to 100 % oxygen had no effect on the metabolic rate of C. elegans, and populations were able to survive for a least 50 generations in 100 % (90 kPa) oxygen. Such hyperoxic conditions are fatal to most organisms within a short period.

Nutritional requirements for pantothenate, pantethine or coenzyme A in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Lu ◽  
Rekha Balachandar
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Calcium Pantothenate ◽  
Axenic Medium ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Free Living ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Free Living Nematode ◽  
Mild Toxicity

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans is a free-living nematode cultured in an axenic medium, the Caenorhabditis elegans Maintenance Medium (CeMM), which contains B-vitamins, salts, amino acids, nucleic acid substituents, growth factors and glucose as an energy source. After initial experiments established that either pantothenate or pantethine would satisfy the vitamin B5 requirement in C. elegans, reproduction in the nematodes was measured in eight equimolar concentrations of calcium pantothenate, pantethine or coenzyme A. The optimal levels for pantothenate were found to be 7.5, 30 and 120 μg ml−1. The optimal levels for pantethine and coenzyme A were found to be 35 μg ml−1 and 100 μg ml−1, respectively. Among the three compounds, coenzyme A (at 100 μg/ml) supported a significantly greater population growth and, perhaps, is a more metabolically active form. Mild toxicity was demonstrated for pantothenate at 480μg ml−1, pantethine at 560 and 140 μg ml−1, and coenzyme A was found to exhibit toxicity at 410 and 1700 μg ml−1. Based on our results, we recommend that in the future the CeMM could be supplemented with pantothenate (7.5 μg ml−1) alone.

The use of Caenorhabditis elegans in parasitic nematode research

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (S1) ◽  
pp. S49-S70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. GILLEARD
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Free Living Nematode

There is increasing interest in the use of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a tool for parasitic nematode research and there are now a number of compelling examples of its successful application. C. elegans has the potential to become a standard tool for molecular helminthology researchers, just as yeast is routinely used by molecular biologists to study vertebrate biology. However, in order to exploit C. elegans in a meaningful manner, we need a detailed understanding of the extent to which different aspects of C. elegans biology have been conserved with particular groups of parasitic nematodes. This review first considers the current state of knowledge regarding the conservation of genome organisation across the nematode phylum and then discusses some recent evolutionary development studies in free-living nematodes. The aim is to provide some important concepts that are relevant to the extrapolation of information from C. elegans to parasitic nematodes and also to the interpretation of experiments that use C. elegans as a surrogate expression system. In general, examples have been specifically chosen because they highlight the importance of careful experimentation and interpretation of data. Consequently, the focus is on the differences that have been found between nematode species rather than the similarities. Finally, there is a detailed discussion of the current status of C. elegans as a heterologous expression system to study parasite gene function and regulation using successful examples from the literature.

Sodium–hydrogen exchangers in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: investigations towards their potential role in hypodermal H+ excretion, Na+ uptake, and ammonia excretion, as well as acid–base balance

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Adlimoghaddam ◽  
Michael J. O’Donnell ◽  
Alex Quijada-Rodriguez ◽  
Dirk Weihrauch
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Base Balance

Cation/proton exchangers of the cation proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) subfamily (NHEs, SLC 9) play an important role in many physiological processes, including cell volume regulation, acid–base homeostasis, and ammonia excretion. The soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Maupas, 1900) (N2, 1968) expresses nine paralogues (NHX-1 to NHX-9). The current study was undertaken to investigate the role of the cation/proton exchanger in hypodermal Na+ and H+ fluxes, as well in ammonia excretion processes. Measurements using SIET (scanning ion-selective electrode technique) showed that the hypodermis promotes H+ secretion and Na+ uptake. Inhibitory effects on fluxes were observed upon application of amiloride but not EIPA, suggesting that NHXs are not involved in the transport processes. In response to stress induced by starvation or exposure to 1 mmol·L−1 NH4Cl, pH 5.5, or pH 8.0, body pH stayed fairly constant, with changes in mRNA expression levels detected in intestinal NHX-2 and hypodermal NHX-3. In conclusion, the study suggest that hypodermal apically localized EIPA-sensitive Na+/H+ exchangers do not likely play a role in ammonia excretion and Na+ uptake in the hypodermis of C. elegans, whereas apical amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels seem to be involved not just in hypodermal Na+ uptake but indirectly also in NH4+ and H+ excretion.

scholarly journals NEUROTOXIC EFFECT OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS ON THE ORGANISM OF THE FREE-LIVING SOIL NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS MAUPAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Анастасия Васильевна Егорова ◽  
Татьяна Борисовна Калинникова ◽  
Диляра Махмутриевна Хакимова ◽  
Рифгат Роальдович Шагидуллин ◽  
Anastasia Egorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Neurotoxic Effect ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Free Living
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