scholarly journals Influence of an L-type SALMFamide neuropeptide on locomotory performance and muscle physiology in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Ding ◽  
Libin Zhang ◽  
Xinhao Fan ◽  
Pengji Zhuo ◽  
Qiming Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Locomotory Performance

ABSTRACT Neuropeptides in the SALMFamide family serve as muscle relaxants in echinoderms and may affect locomotion, as the motor behavior in sea cucumbers involves alternating contraction and extension of the body wall, which is under the control of longitudinal muscle. We evaluated the effect of an L-type SALMFamide neuropeptide (LSA) on locomotory performance of Apostichopus japonicus. We also investigated the metabolites of longitudinal muscle tissue using ultra performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to assess the potential physiological mechanisms underlying the effect of LSA. The hourly distance, cumulative duration and number of steps moved significantly increased in sea cucumbers in the fourth hour after injection with LSA. Also, the treatment enhanced the mean and maximum velocity by 9.8% and 17.8%, respectively, and increased the average stride by 12.4%. Levels of 27 metabolites in longitudinal muscle changed after LSA administration, and the increased concentration of pantothenic acid, arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and the altered phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylcholine ratio are potential physiological mechanisms that could explain the observed effect of LSA on locomotor behavior in A. japonicus.

Effect of moisture status on the stability of thermal gels from the body wall of sea cucumbers ( Apostichopus japonicus )

LWT ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Hu Hou ◽  
Yan Fan ◽  
Fangfang Zhang ◽  
Bafang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
The Stability

Fatty acid component in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus from different tissues and habitats

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinzeng Xu ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Xuelei Zhang ◽  
Quancai Peng ◽  
Hongsheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
Benthic Food

Fatty acids (FA) are a non-protein energy source and can act as trophic biomarkers in benthic food webs. We analysed the FA profiles of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, comparing tissues of body wall, gut sediment and ovaries in two habitats. Rongcheng Bay: kelp raft cultivation area with high organic matter in sediment; Laoshan Bay: strong current with low sediment organic matter. The results showed that body wall and ovary tissues were rich in long chain polyunsaturated FA (LC-PUFA), which contributed ~31% to the FA dissimilarity between the two tissues. SIMPER (similarity percentages routine) results showed that C20:5ω3 (EPA), C18:1ω7, C20:4ω6 (AA), C16:0, C14:1 and C20:1ω11 contributed to dissimilarity between the body wall and ovary tissues, while 16:1ω7, 20:5ω3, C16:0, C18:1ω7, C18:0 and C14:1 contributed more to the dissimilarity of body wall tissues between the two habitats. FA biomarkers showed that sea cucumbers from the two habitats had different food sources, with brown kelp and vascular plants being the main food for sea cucumbers in Rongcheng and diatoms for those in Laoshan. To better understand differences in FA composition in sea cucumbers, more research is needed examining a wider diversity of tissue types and habitats.

scholarly journals Analysis of the gene transcription patterns and DNA methylation characteristics of triploid sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingshu Han ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Yue Cao ◽  
Pingping Gao ◽  
Zijiao Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Differentially Methylated Genes

AbstractBreeding of polyploid aquatic animals is still an important approach and research hotspot for realizing the economic benefits afforded by the improvement of aquatic animal germplasm. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of the growth of triploid sea cucumbers, we performed gene expression and genome-wide comparisons of DNA methylation using the body wall tissue of triploid sea cucumbers using RNA-seq and MethylRAD-seq technologies. We clarified the expression pattern of triploid sea cucumbers and found no dosage effect. DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, cell growth, cell division, and other pathways. Moreover, we characterized the methylation pattern changes and found 615 differentially methylated genes at CCGG sites and 447 differentially methylated genes at CCWGG sites. Integrative analysis identified 23 genes (such as Guf1, SGT, Col5a1, HAL, HPS1, etc.) that exhibited correlations between promoter methylation and expression. Altered DNA methylation and expression of various genes suggested their roles and potential functional interactions in the growth of triploid sea cucumbers. Our data provide new insights into the epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations of the body wall tissue of triploid sea cucumbers and preliminarily elucidate the molecular mechanism of their growth, which is of great significance for the breeding of fine varieties of sea cucumbers.

EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE NANOPARTICLES TOXICITY OF NICKEL OXIDE IN TWO SIZES IN THE SUBCHRONIC EXPERIMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
M.P. Sutunkova ◽  
B.A. Katsnelson ◽  
L.I. Privalova ◽  
S.N. Solovjeva ◽  
V.B. Gurvich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nanoparticles Toxicity

We conducted a comparative assessment of the nickel oxide nanoparticles toxicity (NiO) of two sizes (11 and 25 nm) according to a number of indicators of the body state after repeated intraperitoneal injections of these particles suspensions. At equal mass doses, NiO nanoparticles have been found to cause various manifestations of systemic subchronic toxicity with a particularly pronounced effect on liver, kidney function, the body’s antioxidant system, lipid metabolism, white and red blood, redox metabolism, spleen damage, and some disorders of nervous activity allegedly related to the possibility of nickel penetration into the brain from the blood. The relationship between the diameter and toxicity of particles is ambiguous, which may be due to differences in toxicokinetics, which is controlled by both physiological mechanisms and direct penetration of nanoparticles through biological barriers and, finally, unequal solubility.

ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID: PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(72) (1) ◽  
pp. 197-219
Author(s):  
I. V. Cheretaev ◽  
D. R. Khusainov ◽  
E. N. Chuyan ◽  
M. Yu. Ravaeva ◽  
A. N. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Thermal Pain ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Electrical Stimuli

The purpose of the review is to summarize current literature data and the results of our own research on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of acetylsalicylic acid, as well as the physiological mechanisms underlying them. This acid is the most studied reference representative of salicylates, which is convenient to consider the physiological effects characteristic in general for this group of chemical and medicinal products. Acetylsalicylic acid has analgesic properties against thermal pain and pain caused by electrical stimuli, as well as a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. The realization of these properties depends on the peculiarities of aspirin metabolism in the body, ion and synaptic mechanisms for controlling the functional state of the cell, neurotransmitter systems of the сentral nervous system, and mechanisms of peripheral and сentral analgesia. Analgesic properties of acetylsalicylic acid founded not only in normal, but also in ultra-small doses. Various physical and especially chemical factors significantly change their effects. This increases the interest in studying the analgesic activity of salicylates and their physiological mechanisms, since such studies can serve as a basis for creating new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with low toxicity and high safety for patients, and improve the strategy of their practical use. Currently, the most detailed study of the physiological mechanism of analgesic and anti-inflammatory action of aspirin and its main metabolite – salicylic acid. However, it should be note that despite the abundance of existing data obtained in scientific studies of the effects of aspirin and its practical use, there are a number of unexplained aspects of the action of this drug, the mechanism of which has not yet been deciphered. The continuing interest in the effects and mechanisms of action of this drug and in connection with the expansion of its use evidenced by a consistently high number of scientific publications on aspirin in the most famous foreign and domestic publications. At the same time, the number of publications about aspirin is an order of magnitude higher than about any other drug known to humanity.

Cerebral Cortex Participation in the Physiological Mechanisms of Acupuncture Stimulation: A Study by Auditory Endogenous Potentials (P300)

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Liang Hsieh ◽  
Tsai-Chung Li ◽  
Chien-Yu Lin ◽  
Nou-Ying Tang ◽  
Qwang-Yuen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Neuropsychological Effects ◽  
Acupuncture Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acupoint Specificity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Although acupuncture has traditionally used the acupoints formula to treat diseases, the physiological mechanisms involved and the effectiveness of therapy remain unclear. This study investigated the physiological mechanism(s) and response to acupuncture stimulation using the acupoints formula. Scalp-recorded potentials P300 were evoked by auditory stimulation of non-target and target in 13 normal adult volunteers. Latencies and amplitudes were measured. Three assessments were performed in each subject over a period of at least one week. Each assessment was divided into a control period with no acupuncture stimulation, followed by an acupuncture period and then a post-acupuncture period. Acupuncture needles were inserted into the body as follows: 1) non-acupoint: acupuncture needles were inserted 2 cm lateral to both Zusanli acupoints; 2) acupoint: acupuncture needles were inserted into both Zusanli acupoints; 3) acupoints formula: acupuncture needles were inserted into both Zusanli and Shousanli acupoints. Our results showed that both acupoint and acupoints formula assessments resulted in a significant decrease of P300 amplitudes during the acupuncture and post-acupuncture periods. However, there was significant difference in P300 amplitudes in the non-acupoint assessment during these periods. P300 changes in latencies and amplitudes were not significantly different between the acupoint assessment and the acupoints formula assessment. We concluded that acupuncture stimulation of both Zusanli acupoints resulted in a decrease of P300 amplitudes, suggesting the involvement of the cerebral cortex in sensory interaction when simultaneous sensations of the two types are received. No similar changes were observed in the non-acupoint assessment, which have been suggested to be related to so-called acupoint specificity. Results obtained using the acupoints formula were not significantly different from those using acupoints alone. These findings suggested that neuropsychological effects from stimulation of Zusanli acupoints and Shousanli acupoints are different.

Nervous Control of Chromatophores in Teleost Fishes

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-552
Author(s):  
J. D. PYE
Keyword(s):  
Local Heating ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Motor Tracts ◽  
New Hypothesis

1. Observations of earlier workers on the chromatic responses to local heating or cooling of the skin of Phoxinus have been confirmed. They have also been found to hold true for anaesthetized fish, in which finer control and observation are possible. 2. The results of a series of nerve-section experiments are held to exclude any possibility that the responses of the intact fish are mediated by a nervous reflex from thermoreceptors in the skin. 3. The responses of melanophores following section of the chromatic motor tracts, or when isolated from the body, are considered to be independent cellular responses. 4. Normal responses in the intact fish show clear temperature thresholds and are completely dependent upon continuation of the respiratory rhythm. 5. Possible physiological mechanisms for mediating these non-adaptive responses are discussed and a new hypothesis is put forward.

Memoirs: Peristalsis in the Malpighian Tubules of Diptera, Preliminary Account: with a note on the Elimination of Calcium Carbonate from the Malpighian Tubules of Drosophila Funebris

1925 ◽  
Vol s2-69 (275) ◽  
pp. 385-398
Author(s):  
L. EASTHAM
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles ◽  
Adult Drosophila

1. The proximal regions of the Malpighian tubules of Drosopbila funebris and Calliphora erythro cephala are supplied with systems of circular and longitudinal muscles external to the basement membrane. 2. These muscles are continuous with those of the mid-gut. 3. There is a terminal muscle to each anterior tubule in Drosophila funebris connected to the alar muscles of the pericardial septum. 4. Peristalsis has been observed in the proximal regions of the tubules, caused by the circular muscles. 5. The tubules exhibit a waving movement, probably due to the longitudinal muscle-bands of the lower or proximal ends of the tubules. 6. Calcium carbonate is stored in the terminal portions of the anterior tubules of Drosophila funebris. 7. This calcium carbonate is not eliminated at the beginning of metamorphosis, but is passed to the gut about the sixth day of pupal life, and is only expelled from the body on the emergence of the adult. 8. Calcium carbonate is found in the Malpighian tubules of the adult Drosophila funebris.

The problem of studying motor skills in connection with the peculiarities of the body and psyche

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 735-740
Author(s):  
I. N. Zhilin
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Mental Structure ◽  
General Pathology ◽  
Mental Diseases

Kretschmer's doctrine of the correlation between physique and character overlooks a question that lies in the plane of similar correlations, namely, that of the correlation between motor functions and the mental structure of personality. This question attracts much attention these days and must occupy the most legitimate place among other problems included in the study of personality, both healthy and sick. In the latter case, it is worth remembering at least the instructions of Wernicke (2), who opined that "the general pathology of mental diseases consists in nothing else than in peculiarities of motor behavior".

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