A novel three-dimensional tissue equivalent model to study the combined effects of cyclic mechanical strain and wear particles on the osteolytic potential of primary human macrophages in vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Matthews ◽  
W Mitchell ◽  
M H Stone ◽  
J Fisher ◽  
E Ingham
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
Tissue Equivalent

scholarly journals Porous Geometry Guided Micro-mechanical Environment Within Scaffolds for Cell Mechanobiology Study in Bone Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feihu Zhao ◽  
Yi Xiong ◽  
Keita Ito ◽  
Bert van Rietbergen ◽  
Sandra Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pore Geometry ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Mechanical Environment ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Future Work

Mechanobiology research is for understanding the role of mechanics in cell physiology and pathology. It will have implications for studying bone physiology and pathology and to guide the strategy for regenerating both the structural and functional features of bone. Mechanobiological studies in vitro apply a dynamic micro-mechanical environment to cells via bioreactors. Porous scaffolds are commonly used for housing the cells in a three-dimensional (3D) culturing environment. Such scaffolds usually have different pore geometries (e.g. with different pore shapes, pore dimensions and porosities). These pore geometries can affect the internal micro-mechanical environment that the cells experience when loaded in the bioreactor. Therefore, to adjust the applied micro-mechanical environment on cells, researchers can tune either the applied load and/or the design of the scaffold pore geometries. This review will provide information on how the micro-mechanical environment (e.g. fluid-induced wall shear stress and mechanical strain) is affected by various scaffold pore geometries within different bioreactors. It shall allow researchers to estimate/quantify the micro-mechanical environment according to the already known pore geometry information, or to find a suitable pore geometry according to the desirable micro-mechanical environment to be applied. Finally, as future work, artificial intelligent – assisted techniques, which can achieve an automatic design of solid porous scaffold geometry for tuning/optimising the micro-mechanical environment are suggested.

scholarly journals Design and Validation of Equiaxial Mechanical Strain Platform, EQUicycler, for 3D Tissue Engineered Constructs

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Elsaadany ◽  
Matthew Harris ◽  
Eda Yildirim-Ayan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Tissue Systems

It is crucial to replicate the micromechanical milieu of native tissues to achieve efficacious tissue engineering and regenerative therapy. In this study, we introduced an innovative loading platform, EQUicycler, that utilizes a simple, yet effective, and well-controlled mechanism to apply physiologically relevant homogenous mechanical equiaxial strain on three-dimensional cell-embedded tissue scaffolds. The design of EQUicycler ensured elimination of gripping effects through the use of biologically compatible silicone posts for direct transfer of the mechanical load to the scaffolds. Finite Element Modeling (FEM) was created to understand and to quantify how much applied global strain was transferred from the loading mechanism to the tissue constructs. In vitro studies were conducted on various cell lines associated with tissues exposed to equiaxial mechanical loading in their native environment. In vitro results demonstrated that EQUicycler was effective in maintaining and promoting the viability of different musculoskeletal cell lines and upregulating early differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. By utilizing EQUicycler, collagen fibers of the constructs were actively remodeled. Residing cells within the collagen construct elongated and aligned with strain direction upon mechanical loading. EQUicycler can provide an efficient and cost-effective tool to conduct mechanistic studies for tissue engineered constructs designed for tissue systems under mechanical loading in vivo.

scholarly journals Combined Environment Simulator for Low-Dose-Rate Radiation and Partial Gravity of Moon and Mars

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Akihisa Takahashi ◽  
Sakuya Yamanouchi ◽  
Kazuomi Takeuchi ◽  
Shogo Takahashi ◽  
Mutsumi Tashiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Space Radiation ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Low Dose Rate ◽  
Partial Gravity ◽  
Spaceflight Experiments

Deep space exploration by humans has become more realistic, with planned returns to the Moon, travel to Mars, and beyond. Space radiation with a low dose rate would be a constant risk for space travelers. The combined effects of space radiation and partial gravity such as on the Moon and Mars are unknown. The difficulty for such research is that there are no good simulating systems on the ground to investigate these combined effects. To address this knowledge gap, we developed the Simulator of the environments on the Moon and Mars with Neutron irradiation and Gravity change (SwiNG) for in vitro experiments using disposable closed cell culture chambers. The device simulates partial gravity using a centrifuge in a three-dimensional clinostat. Six samples are exposed at once to neutrons at a low dose rate (1 mGy/day) using Californium-252 in the center of the centrifuge. The system is compact including two SwiNG devices in the incubator, one with and one without radiation source, with a cooling function. This simulator is highly convenient for ground-based biological experiments because of limited access to spaceflight experiments. SwiNG can contribute significantly to research on the combined effects of space radiation and partial gravity.

A Human Corneal Equivalent Constructed from SV40-immortalised Corneal Cell Lines

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Zorn-Kruppa ◽  
Svitlana Tykhonova ◽  
Gazanfer Belge ◽  
Jürgen Bednarz ◽  
Horst A. Diehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Equivalent Model

Within the last decade, extensive research in the field of tissue and organ engineering has focused on the development of in vitro models of the cornea. The use of organotypic, three-dimensional corneal equivalents has several advantages over simple monolayer cultures. The aim of this study was to develop a corneal equivalent model composed of the same cell types as in the natural human tissue, but by using immortalised cell lines to ensure reproducibility and to minimise product variation. We report our success in the establishment of an SV40-immortalised human corneal keratocyte cell line (designated HCK). A collagen matrix, built up with these cells, displayed the morphological characteristics of the human stromal tissue and served as a biomatrix for the immortalised human corneal epithelial and endothelial cells. Histological cross-sections of the whole-cornea equivalents resemble human corneas in tissue structure. This organotypic in vitro model may serve as a research tool for the ophthalmic science community, as well as a model system for testing for eye irritancy and drug efficacy.

scholarly journals Cardiomyocyte Remodeling and Sarcomere Addition after Uniaxial Static Strain In Vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Guo Yu ◽  
Brenda Russell
Keyword(s):  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Static Strain ◽  
Intercalated Discs ◽  
System A ◽  
Rat Hearts

Individual cardiomyocytes are lengthened in dilated cardiomyopathy. However, it is not known how the new sarcomeres are added to preexisting myofibrils. Using a three-dimensional microtextured culturing system, a 10% mechanical static strain was applied to aligned, well-attached cardiomyocytes from neonatal rat. The morphology of the myofibrils and the ends of the myocytes were examined. Disruptions of the sarcomeric pattern for actin showed a progression from weak to intense staining over 4 hr. The lightly stained sarcomeres were common at 1 hr after being strained, peaked at 2 hr, and then subsided. In contrast, the numbers of intensely stained sarcomeres were initially low, peaked at 3 hr, and then began to decline when compared with control values. The myocyte ends showed elongations and convolutions after 3 hr and 4 hr of mechanical strain when observed with α-actinin and N-cadherin staining. We suggest that myocytes from neonatal rat hearts remodel by insertion of new sarcomeres throughout the cell length and also by enhancement at the intercalated discs.

In vitro bone growth responds to local mechanical strain in three-dimensional polymer scaffolds

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elbert Baas ◽  
Jan Herman Kuiper ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Mairead A. Wood ◽  
Alicia J. El Haj
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymer Scaffolds

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

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