Multi-Valve High-Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engines—the Design Challenge

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
I P Gilbert ◽  
A R Heath ◽  
I D Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Cylinder Head ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Design Challenge ◽  
Hsdi Diesel Engine ◽  
High Level

The need to increase power, to improve fuel economy and to meet stringent exhaust emissions legislation with a high level of refinement has provided a challenge for the design of a compact high-speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine. This paper describes various aspects of cylinder head design with particular consideration of layout and number of valves, valve actuation, port selection strategy, fuel injection systems and cylinder head construction.

A High-Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engine for Passenger Cars

1988 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Stephenson ◽  
B A Hood
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Medium Speed Engine ◽  
Hsdi Diesel Engine ◽  
Wide Speed Range

The paper describes the development of a high-speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine suitable for passenger car applications. The evolution from a low emissions medium-speed engine, through a four-cylinder 2.3 litre research engine, into a four-cylinder 2.0 litre production engine is presented. The challenge to the engineer has been to develop the HSDI engine to operate with acceptable noise, emissions, smoke and driveability over the wide speed range (up to 5000 r/min) required for passenger cars. The key element in this task was the optimization of the combustion system and fuel injection equipment. The HSDI is shown to have a significant fuel economy advantage over the prechamber indirect injection (IDI) engine. Future developments of the fuel injection system are described which will further enhance the HSDI engine and provide additional noise and emissions control.

Meeting the Challenge of Low Emissions and Fuel Economy with the Ricardo Four-Valve High-Speed Direct Injection Engine

1994 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Needham ◽  
S Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Hsdi Diesel Engine

In order to investigate and demonstrate the potential of the high-speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine, Ricardo have undertaken a programme of research and analysis into the performance and emissions of a four-valve/cylinder combustion system. Analytical studies were based on a computational fluid dynamics investigation to model in-bowl events of fuel spray/air interactions and to improve understanding of the mixing processes. The major variables studied during the test programme included swirl ratio, combustion bowl geometry, nozzle configuration, contemporary and advanced electronic rotary fuel injection pumps and the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). A systematic optimization programme provided a fixed swirl configuration capable of achieving in excess of 15 bar b.m.e.p. (brake mean effective pressure) while providing less than 1.0 Bosch smoke unit. R49 EURO II NOx levels were met with competitive smoke, particulate emissions and fuel economy, demonstrating excellent potential for full EURO II compliance with further development. Vehicle emissions and fuel consumption simulations have shown that the combustion system has the potential to meet both the heavy and light duty emissions legislation planned for the 1990s.

CFD Modelling of the Effects of Injection Timing on the Combustion Process and Emissions in an HSDI Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouf Mobasheri ◽  
Zhijun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Combustion Modeling ◽  
Pressure Trace ◽  
Hsdi Diesel Engine

High-Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) diesel engines are increasingly used in automotive applications due to superior fuel economy. An advanced CFD simulation has been carried out to analyze the effect of injection timing on combustion process and emission characteristics in a four valves 2.0L Ford diesel engine. The calculation was performed from intake valve closing (IVC) to exhaust valve opening (EVO) at constant speed of 1600 rpm. Since the work was concentrated on the spray injection, mixture formation and combustion process, only a 60° sector mesh was employed for the calculations. For combustion modeling, an improved version of the Coherent Flame Model (ECFM-3Z) has been applied accompanied with advanced models for emission modeling. The results of simulation were compared against experimental data. Good agreement of calculated and measured in-cylinder pressure trace and pollutant formation trends were observed for all investigated operating points. In addition, the results showed that the current CFD model can be applied as a beneficial tool for analyzing the parameters of the diesel combustion under HSDI operating condition.

Detecting and Correcting Cylinder Imbalance in Direct Injection Engines

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. van Nieuwstadt ◽  
I. V. Kolmanovsky
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Direct Injection Engines ◽  
High Speed Diesel ◽  
On Line ◽  
Manufacturing Accuracy ◽  
Adaptation Scheme

Modern direct injection engines feature high pressure fuel injection systems that are required to control the fuel quantity very accurately. Due to limited manufacturing accuracy these systems can benefit from an on-line adaptation scheme that compensates for injector variability. Since cylinder imbalance affects many measurable signals, different sensors and algorithms can be used to equalize torque production by the cylinders. This paper compares several adaptation schemes that use different sensors. The algorithms are evaluated on a cylinder-by-cylinder simulation model of a direct injection high speed diesel engine. A proof of stability and experimental results are reported as well.

An Investigation of the Relation Between Combustion Phase and Emissions of ULSD and RME Biodiesel With a Common-Rail HSDI Diesel Engine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder A. Dhahad ◽  
Mohammed A. Abdulhadi ◽  
Ekhlas M. Alfayyadh ◽  
T. Megaritis
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
High Load ◽  
Diffusion Combustion ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Combustion Phase ◽  
Hsdi Diesel Engine ◽  
And Diffusion

This study investigates the effect of combustion phase (premixed and diffusion phases) duration on the emissions emitted from a high speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine fueled with neat (100%) rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and run at a constant speed (1500 rpm) with single injection strategy at constant fuel injection pressure (800 bar) and varying fuel injection timings (−12,−9,−6,−3,0) ATDC, for two loads (2.5 and 5 bars) BMEP. The obtained results were compared with those obtained when the engine run at the same conditions but with ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD). In-cylinder pressure was measured and analyzed using (LABVIWE) program. calculation program specially written in (MATLAB) software was used to extract the apparent heat release rate, the ignition delay, combustion duration and specify the amount of heat released during the premixed and diffusion combustion phases (premixed burn fraction PMBF) and (diffusion burn fraction DBF). Emission measurements included; NOx, CO, THC, CO2 and smoke number (SN). The results showed that at high load, RME generate higher NOx, CO and THC. Measurements and calculations indicated that ignition delay of RME was shorter than that of ULSD, which means less PMBF. This conflicting effect is probably due to the advanced start of combustion (SOC) leading to higher combustion temperature inside the combustion chamber and there will be less time available to complete the combustion. The emission results at low load showed that NOx and CO, generated by RME were less than those generated by USLD. USLD produced soot more than RME at high load and less at low load.

Characteristics of Premixed Combustion Type Diesel Engine Using Hollow Cone Spray

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomio Obokata ◽  
Tsuneaki Ishima ◽  
Seiichi Shiga ◽  
Yousuke Eguro ◽  
Tomoyuki Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Spray Formation ◽  
Excess Air

Abstract To realize the pre-mixed combustion type Diesel engine, analyses of the wide-angle conical spray flow and its application to the direct injection Diesel engine have been made. In the present work, the spray was evaluated by high speed flow visualization, particle image velocimetry (PTV) measurement, phase Doppler anemometer (PDA) measurement and numerical simulation by KTVA-3V code, and finally the combustion and exhaust characteristics of the proposed engine are examined. The penetration and the shape of the conical sprays under different ambient pressures (0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 MPa) are obtained experimentally and with numerical simulations. Generally, good agreements between them are achieved. It is also cleared that the spray formation is strongly influenced by the surrounding pressure. PIV measurements show the initial development of the spray. The maximum velocity is about 80 m/s, which is almost in the same range as that obtained by the PDA measurements. For the combustion experiment, the excess air ratio was set at 3.1 and 2.5. The engine speed was varied from 1000 to 2000 rpm. Expected premixed combustion region is realized at around the fuel injection timing prior to 65 degree BTDC, where NOx and soot emissions are almost zero at the excess air ratio of 3.1.

1D Engine Simulation of a Small HSDI Diesel Engine Applying a Predictive Combustion Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Cerri ◽  
A. Onorati ◽  
E. Mattarelli
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Partial Load

The paper analyzes the operations of a small high speed direct injection (HSDI) turbocharged diesel engine by means of a parallel experimental and computational investigation. As far as the numerical approach is concerned, an in-house 1D research code for the simulation of the whole engine system has been enhanced by the introduction of a multizone quasi-dimensional combustion model, tailored for multijet direct injection diesel engines. This model takes into account the most relevant issues of the combustion process: spray development, air-fuel mixing, ignition, and formation of the main pollutant species (nitrogen oxide and particulate). The prediction of the spray basic patterns requires previous knowledge of the fuel injection rate. Since the direct measure of this quantity at each operating condition is not a very practical proceeding, an empirical model has been developed in order to provide reasonably accurate injection laws from a few experimental characteristic curves. The results of the simulation at full load are compared to experiments, showing a good agreement on brake performance and emissions. Furthermore, the combustion model tuned at full load has been applied to the analysis of some operating conditions at partial load, without any change to the calibration parameters. Still, the numerical simulation provided results that qualitatively agree with experiments.

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