Near Infrared Technology in Hungary and the Influence of Karl H. Norris on Our Success

The history of Hungarian activity in the field of near infrared spectroscopy is summarised in this paper, beginning in 1972 when Karoly Vas, Director of the Hungarian Central Food Research Institute, visited the Instrumentation Research Laboratory of the USDA Agriculutural Research Center in Beltsville, Maryland, and met Karl H. Norris. There, Karoly Vas became acquainted with the new technology using the near infrared spectral region for multi-component analysis and recognised its importance and perspectives. Through a cooperation agreement between the USDA and the Hungarian Ministry of Food and Agriculture, a close collaboration was established between the two institutes. Many Hungarian researchers—the author, L. Horváth, B.T. Nádai, J.L. Gönczy, A. Czabaffy, F. Kulcsár, M. Váradi and G. Kiskó—involved in NIR technology have had the opportunity to spend some time in Beltsville and to enjoy Karl H. Norris' deep knowledge of NIR spectroscopy, his unbelievable skill in this field of science, accompanied with the willingness to share his experiences and results. The results of the collaborative work achieved in the analysis of wine, sunflower seed, pastry products, cocoa powder, dietary fibre etc., using NIR technology are presented here. Karl H. Norris' valuable contribution is emphasised.

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Infrared Absolute Calibration. I. Comparison of Sirius with Fainter Calibration Stars

The Astronomical Journal ◽

10.3847/1538-3881/ac3b5d ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 163 (2) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

G. H. Rieke ◽

Kate Su ◽

G. C. Sloan ◽

E. Schlawin

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Spectral Energy Distribution ◽

Spectral Energy ◽

Absolute Calibration ◽

Absolute Flux ◽

James Webb Space Telescope ◽

Infrared Spectral ◽

History Of ◽

Flux Measurements ◽

Debris Disk

Abstract A challenge in absolute calibration is to relate very bright stars with physical flux measurements to faint ones within range of modern instruments, e.g., those on large ground-based telescopes or the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We propose Sirius as the fiducial color standard. It is an A0V star that is slowly rotating and does not have infrared excesses due to either hot dust or a planetary debris disk; it also has a number of accurate (∼1%–2%) absolute flux measurements. We accurately transfer the near-infrared flux from Sirius to BD +60 1753, an unobscured early A-type star (A1V, V ≈ 9.6, E(B – V) ≈ 0.009) that is faint enough to serve as a primary absolute flux calibrator for JWST. Its near-infrared spectral energy distribution and that of Sirius should be virtually identical. We have determined its output relative to that of Sirius in a number of different ways, all of which give consistent results within ∼1%. We also transfer the calibration to GSPC P330-E, a well-calibrated close solar analog (G2V). We have emphasized the 2MASS K S band, since it represents a large number and long history of measurements, but the theoretical spectra (i.e., from CALSPEC) of these stars can be used to extend this result throughout the near- and mid-infrared.

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Study of the Infrared Spectral Features of an Epoxy Curing Mechanism

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/000370208786049204 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

pp. 1129-1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Liang Li ◽

Qili Wu ◽

Shanjun Li ◽

Peiyi Wu

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Nir Spectroscopy ◽

Diglycidyl Ether ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Spectral Correlation ◽

Derivative Analysis ◽

Curing Mechanism ◽

Infrared Spectral ◽

Epoxy Groups

In this work, the isothermal curing process of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A(DGEBA) cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) was monitored in situ by mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. With the help of generalized two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis, the results obtained showed that, during curing, the change of amine and epoxy groups was simultaneous, taking place prior to the change of hydroxyl groups, followed by the change of CH2/CH groups, resulting from the ring-opening reaction of epoxy groups. In addition, 2D MIR×NIR hetero-spectral correlation analysis and second-derivative analysis were also employed, by means of which direct evidence of the curing mechanism could be obtained and obscure NIR band assignments in the overlapped CH combination region could be made.

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Fraud Detection in Batches of Sweet Almonds by Portable Near-Infrared Spectral Devices

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1221

Author(s):

Irina Torres ◽

María-Teresa Sánchez ◽

Miguel Vega-Castellote ◽

Dolores Pérez-Marín

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Nir Spectroscopy ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Training Set ◽

Production Chain ◽

Future Studies ◽

Infrared Spectral ◽

Portable Instruments ◽

New Generation ◽

Sweet Almond

One of the key challenges for the almond industry is how to detect the presence of bitter almonds in commercial batches of sweet almonds. The main aim of this research is to assess the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) by means of using portable instruments in the industry to detect batches of sweet almonds which have been adulterated with bitter almonds. To achieve this, sweet almonds and non-sweet almonds (bitter almonds and mixtures of sweet almonds with different percentages (from 5% to 20%) of bitter almonds) were analysed using a new generation of portable spectrophotometers. Three strategies (only bitter almonds, bitter almonds and mixtures, and only mixtures) were used to optimise the construction of the non-sweet almond training set. Models developed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) correctly classified 86–100% of samples, depending on the instrument used and the strategy followed for constructing the non-sweet almond training set. These results confirm that NIR spectroscopy provides a reliable, accurate method for detecting the presence of bitter almonds in batches of sweet almonds, with up to 5% adulteration levels (lower levels should be tested in future studies), and that this technology can be readily used at the main steps of the production chain.

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Characterization of Articular Cartilage Recovery and Its Correlation with Optical Response in the Near-Infrared Spectral Range

Cartilage ◽

10.1177/1947603516662502 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 307-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Isaac Oluwaseun Afara ◽

Sanjleena Singh ◽

Hayley Moody ◽

Lihai Zhang ◽

Adekunle Oloyede

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Elastic Recovery ◽

Arthroscopic Surgery ◽

Nir Spectroscopy ◽

Optical Response ◽

Enzymatic Treatment ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Infrared Spectral ◽

Recovery Response

Objectives: In this study, we examine the capacity of a new parameter, based on the recovery response of articular cartilage, to distinguish between healthy and damaged tissues. We also investigate whether or not this new parameter correlates with the near-infrared (NIR) optical response of articular cartilage. Design: Normal and artificially degenerated (proteoglycan-depleted) bovine cartilage samples were nondestructively probed using NIR spectroscopy. Subsequently they were subjected to a load and unloading protocol, and the recovery response was logged during unloading. The recovery parameter, elastic rebound ( ER), is based on the strain energy released as the samples underwent instantaneous elastic recovery. Results: Our results reveal positive relationship between the rebound parameter and cartilage proteoglycan content (normal samples: 2.20 ± 0.10 N mm; proteoglycan-depleted samples: 0.50 ± 0.04 N mm for 1 hour of enzymatic treatment and 0.13 ± 0.02 N mm for 4 hours of enzymatic treatment). In addition, multivariate analysis using partial least squares regression was employed to investigate the relationship between ER and NIR spectral data. The results reveal significantly high correlation ( R2cal = 98.35% and R2val = 79.87%; P < 0.0001), with relatively low error (14%), between the recovery and optical response of cartilage in the combined NIR regions 5,450 to 6,100 cm−1 and 7,500 to 12,500 cm−1. Conclusion: We conclude that ER can indicate the mechanical condition and state of health of articular cartilage. The correlation of ER with cartilage optical response in the NIR range could facilitate real-time evaluation of the tissue’s integrity during arthroscopic surgery and could also provide an important tool for cartilage assessment in tissue engineering and regeneration research.

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Selected achievements of the Central Food Research Institute, Budapest, from its establishment until the turn of the 21 st century

Acta Alimentaria ◽

10.1556/aalim.38.suppl.2 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (Supplement-1) ◽

pp. 3-20

Author(s):

J. Farkas

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Development Work ◽

Food Research Institute ◽

Food Research ◽

History Of ◽

Central Food ◽

Research Institute

The treatise provides selected examples on the activities and main results of the research and development work during the first forty years of history of the Central Food Research Institute, Budapest.

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NIR spectroscopy in simulation – a new way for augmenting near-infrared phytoanalysis

10.1055/s-0039-3399764 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

KB Bec ◽

J Grabska ◽

CW Huck

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Nir Spectroscopy

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Making It Count

10.23943/princeton/9780691179476.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Arunabh Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Cold War ◽

Statistical Data ◽

New Technology ◽

Political Leaders ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Great Leap Forward ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Statistics ◽

The Government ◽

The Great Leap Forward

In 1949, at the end of a long period of wars, one of the biggest challenges facing leaders of the new People's Republic of China was how much they did not know. The government of one of the world's largest nations was committed to fundamentally reengineering its society and economy via socialist planning while having almost no reliable statistical data about their own country. This book is the history of efforts to resolve this “crisis in counting.” The book explores the choices made by political leaders, statisticians, academics, statistical workers, and even literary figures in attempts to know the nation through numbers. It shows that early reliance on Soviet-inspired methods of exhaustive enumeration became increasingly untenable in China by the mid-1950s. Unprecedented and unexpected exchanges with Indian statisticians followed, as the Chinese sought to learn about the then-exciting new technology of random sampling. These developments were overtaken by the tumult of the Great Leap Forward (1958–1961), when probabilistic and exhaustive methods were rejected and statistics was refashioned into an ethnographic enterprise. By acknowledging Soviet and Indian influences, the book not only revises existing models of Cold War science but also globalizes wider developments in the history of statistics and data. Anchored in debates about statistics and its relationship to state building, the book offers fresh perspectives on China's transition to socialism.

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The history of neurosurgery at the House Clinic in Los Angeles

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2019.5.jns19602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 133 (3) ◽

pp. 749-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gautam U. Mehta ◽

Gregory P. Lekovic

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Vestibular Schwannoma ◽

Video Transmission ◽

Collaborative Work ◽

Hearing Preservation ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Team Approach ◽

Middle Fossa ◽

History Of ◽

Operative Microscope

Although most widely known as the birthplace of neuro-otology, the House Clinic in Los Angeles has been the site of several major contributions to the field of neurosurgery. From the beginning of the formation of the Otologic Medical Group in 1958 (later renamed the House Ear Clinic), these contributions have been largely due to the innovative and collaborative work of neurosurgeon William E. Hitselberger, MD, and neuro-otologist William F. House, MD, DDS. Together they were responsible for the development and widespread adoption of the team approach to skull-base surgery. Specific neurosurgical advances accomplished at the House Clinic have included the first application of the operative microscope to neurosurgery, the application of middle fossa and translabyrinthine approaches for vestibular schwannoma, and the development of combined petrosal, retrolabyrinthine, and other alternative petrosal approaches and of hearing preservation surgery for vestibular schwannoma. The auditory brainstem implant, invented at the House Clinic in 1979, was the first ever successful application of central nervous system neuromodulation for restoration of function. Technological innovations at the House Clinic have also advanced neurosurgery. These include the first video transmission of microsurgery, the first suction irrigator, the first debulking instrument for tumors, and the House-Urban retractor for middle fossa surgery.

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