Gestational Diabetes, Colorectal Cancer, Bariatric Surgery, and Weight Loss among Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Mini Review of the Interplay of Multispecies Probiotics

Diabetes mellitus has been steadily increasing over the past decades and is one of the most significant global public health concerns. Diabetes mellitus patients have an increased risk of both surgical and post-surgical complications. The post-surgical risks are associated with the primary condition that led to surgery and the hyperglycaemia per se. Gut microbiota seems to contribute to glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. It affects the metabolism through body weight and energy homeostasis, integrating the peripheral and central food intake regulatory signals. Homeostasis of gut microbiota seems to be enhanced by probiotics pre and postoperatively. The term probiotics is used to describe some species of live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host. The role of probiotics in intestinal or microbial skin balance after abdominal or soft tissue elective surgeries on DM patients seems beneficial, as it promotes anti-inflammatory cytokine production while increasing the wound-healing process. This review article aims to present the interrelation of probiotic supplements with DM patients undergoing elective surgeries.

Neuronal SKN-1B modulates nutritional signalling pathways and mitochondrial networks to control satiety

The feeling of hunger or satiety results from integration of the sensory nervous system with other physiological and metabolic cues. This regulates food intake, maintains homeostasis and prevents disease. In C. elegans, chemosensory neurons sense food and relay information to the rest of the animal via hormones to control food-related behaviour and physiology. Here we identify a new component of this system, SKN-1B which acts as a central food-responsive node, ultimately controlling satiety and metabolic homeostasis. SKN-1B, an ortholog of mammalian NF-E2 related transcription factors (Nrfs), has previously been implicated with metabolism, respiration and the increased lifespan incurred by dietary restriction. Here we show that SKN-1B acts in two hypothalamus-like ASI neurons to sense food, communicate nutritional status to the organism, and control satiety and exploratory behaviours. This is achieved by SKN-1B modulating endocrine signalling pathways (IIS and TGF-β), and by promoting a robust mitochondrial network. Our data suggest a food-sensing and satiety role for mammalian Nrf proteins.

Heavy Metal (Pb, Cd, Hg and As) Content of Some Pineapples Juice Produced in Informal Market in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the level of micropolluants contamination (mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic) handcrafted pineapple juices, packaged in recovery bottles and sold on the outskirts of the city of Abidjan. Study Design: Samples were collected from street vendors in four districts of Abidjan city (Marcory, Treichville, Cocody and Koumassi). Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Central Food Hygiene Laboratory and Agribusiness between December 2019 and June 2020. Methodology: 32 samples collected were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: It appears that traces of the few metallic micropollutters were found in pineapple juices at varying rates with sometimes exceeding the maximum values recommended for lead in 75% of the pineapple juices analyzed. Considering the municipalities, 100% of the juices collected from vendors in the commune of Cocody have arsenic concentrations exceeding the maximum regulatory values. Overall, Daily Exposure Doses (DDE) (0.024 10-4 mg/kg bw of mercury, 0.345 10-4 mg/kg bw of lead, 0.001 10-3 mg/kg pc of cadmium and 0.5 10-4 mg/kg bw of arsenic) are lower than the Previsional Tolerable Dose (PTD). Conclusion: Therefore, can the risk be eliminated for the general population? While the concentrations of metallic micropolluants found in pineapple juices remain below the thresholds for mercury and cadmium, those of lead and arsenic are high, increasing the risk of adverse effects.

Mediterranean Gluten-Free Diet: Is It a Fair Bet for the Treatment of Gluten-Related Disorders?

Gluten-free diet (GFD) is the current treatment of gluten-related disorders. It eliminates wheat, barley, and rye, while the exclusion of oats is still under debate. GFD is based on a combination of naturally gluten-free foods and gluten-free substitutes of cereal-based foods. Although effective as treatment of gluten-related disorders, today there is concern about how to improve GFD's nutritional quality, to make it not only gluten-free, but also healthy. The “Mediterranean diet” (MedD) refers to the dietary pattern and eating habits typical of populations living in the Mediterranean basin, which have been associated with low prevalence of several diet-related pathologies. Here we present a narrative review of the current knowledge about GFD and MedD, their characteristics and central food components. Based on the Mediterranean diet pyramid developed by the Italian pediatric society, we propose a combination between the MedD and the GFD, an attractive alternative to reach a gluten-free state that at the same time is healthy, with a clear benefit to those who practice it.

Central Thai Food Culture and Acculturation During World War ii and the Vietnam War

As food has a substantial cultural and economic value, globalization and the Internet have posed challenges to traditional culture. As previous research on Thai food has focused on recipes and the consumption behavior of the royal family and upper-class Thai citizens, this study therefore aims to investigate the Thai food culture of ordinary Thais before the proliferation of a foreign food culture. Senior citizens from diverse socio-economic backgrounds in central Thailand who witnessed two major cultural encounters, specifically World War ii and the Vietnam War, were interviewed until full data was obtained. Content analysis within the guidelines of consumer behavior analysis was conducted. The findings confirm that central food culture has been passed down over generations and has become firmly established. Unless there has been convenient access to provincial centers, then, food from other regions has seldom been consumed. Also, before globalization, acculturation with foreign foods was barely noticeable. Overall, a key driver of this acculturation was so-called “food availability”.

Neuronal SKN-1B Modulates Nutritional Signalling Pathways and Mitochondrial Networks to Control Satiety

The feeling of hunger or satiety results from integration of the sensory nervous system with other physiological and metabolic cues. This regulates food intake, maintains homeostasis and prevents disease. In C. elegans, chemosensory neurons sense food and relay information to the rest of the animal via hormones to control food-related behaviour and physiology. Here we identify a new component of this system, SKN-1B which acts as a central food-responsive node, ultimately controlling satiety and metabolic homeostasis. SKN-1B, an ortholog of mammalian NF-E2 related transcription factors (Nrfs), has previously been implicated with metabolism and respiration, because can mediate the increased lifespan incurred by dietary restriction. We show that actually SKN-1B is not essential for dietary restriction longevity and instead, controls a variety of food-related behaviours. It acts in two hypothalamus-like ASI neurons to sense food, communicate nutritional status to the organism, and control satiety and exploratory behaviours. This is achieved by SKN-1B modulating endocrine signalling pathways (IIS and TGF-β), and by promoting a robust mitochondrial network. Our data suggest a food-sensing and satiety role for mammalian Nrf proteins.

A proposal for restructuring the layout of continuous freezing tunnels of fresh sausages

Currently companies face a market extremely competitive, in this scenario, to achieve a significant profit margin, is essential to reduce costs and rework. This study was developed in the central food cooperative Aurora (Erechim- RS), in the continuous freezing tunnels, which are responsible for the biggest bottleneck of the company. The continuous freezing tunnels are very unstable, because the products are positioned on a rail, which can or cannot acquire the proper temperature for freezing, generating rework case do not meet the standards. Therefore, the objective was to restructure the current layout of continuous sausage freeze tunnels, based on temperature analyzes to evaluate compliance with the SAI-151-00 Internal Regulation, propose a new layout with static cages for the tunnels, present the budget for that change and to estimate a deadline to investment's payback. For this work were used approach methods qualitative and quantitative. As the purpose is classified as descriptive, methodological, and as to the means to be treated as field research, literature and case study. In order to perform the temperature analysis, the freezing conformity assessment methodology was used and the layout design methodology was used for the development of the new layout, in which a budget analysis was also developed according to the described methodology. With the completion of work was possible to developed a proposal for a new layout that will double capacity of freezing tunnels and meet all applicable standards. Also found through a budget analysis in less than five days of production in fresh pork the expenses will be paid off.

Ascend of the herbivores, decline of the carnivores? The social stratification of food consumption profiles in Italy, 1997-2016

Using data from the Multiporpose Survey of Daily Life by ISTAT, this paper analyses the profiling and social stratification of food consumption among Italian adults from 1997 to 2016. We first apply Latent Class Analysis on a set of central food categories of the Mediterranean diet to document the existence of six consumption clusters, (herbivore, carnivore, hedonist, enhanced Mediterranean, paucivore, omnivore) and their relative size over time. Second, we employ fractional response models to illustrate how gender and education are associated with each of the identified clusters. Finally, we use variance-weighted least square regressions to document the evolution of gender and education gradients over time.Results point to an increase in the relative size of the herbivores and omnivores, a substantial stability of the hedonists and paucivores, and a decline of the carnivores and enhanced Mediterraneans. Moreover, our findings highlight a substantial social stratification of food profiles and show that, within a broad picture of persistence, gender and education became more important in affecting the propensity of adopting certain profiles. Women and upper educated individuals are more likely to belong to clusters characterised by daily fruit and vegetable consumption. Moreover, women are also less likely to belong to clusters defined by the presence of alcoholics and soft drinks. In addition, the gap between upper and lower educated individuals in the probability of belonging to the omnivore profile, and the gap between women and men in the probability of belonging to the herbivore and hedonist profiles have increased over time.

Central Food Retail: Business Expansion and Brand Architecture Strategy

The retail store market in Thailand continued to grow with more intense competition from key players expanding their operations across retail grocery market segments. Central Food Retail Company Limited (CFR) was the market leader in the supermarket segment targeting the middle to high income groups. As part of the company’s long-term strategy, CFR planned to expand the business into other retail sectors by launching new store formats to capture other customer segments, especially middle- and lowincome groups. These customer segments had been largely served by operators in the hypermarket segment. The challenges and opportunities that CFR faced and the decisions on brand extension strategy and brand architecture strategy were discussed.