scholarly journals The Worldwide Standard of Living Since 1800

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A Easterlin
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
International Differences ◽  
The World ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
People Today

By many measures a revolution in living conditions is sweeping the world. Most people today are better fed, clothed, and house than their predecessors two centuries ago. They are healthier, live longer, and are better educated. Women's lives are less centered on reproduction, and political democracy has gained a foothold. Current international differences in a number of standard of living indicators are significantly correlated. Historically, however, these improvements often started at quite different times, suggesting that the determinants of change in different aspects of the standard of living are varied.

Insurgency, Land Rights and Feminism: Zapatista Women Building Themselves as Political Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-109
Author(s):  
Clara Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Land Rights ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This article discusses how Zapatista women have built themselves as transformative political subjects that disrupt the racist, classist, and patriarchal nation-state. It underscores the importance of reflecting on Zapatista women, on their struggle for particular demands specified in the Revolutionary Women’s Law, especially the collective struggle for obtaining rights such as to land, to participate politically, and to organize themselves in the armed struggle. Instead of entering into debate over whether Zapatista women are feminists or not, this article recognizes how, besides transforming living conditions, the Zapatistas have organized politically and gone from a process of invisibility, silence, and obedience to one of recognition, speech, and command. In this sense, the struggle of Zapatista women is an example of theoretical and practical ruptures within the history of class, gender, and race struggled in Mexico and the world.

What is an Ecodisaster?

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Cloudsley-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Near Future

The term ‘ecodisaster’ may be defined as ‘a global catastrophe of the human species’. Any ecodisasters occurring in the near future will, almost certainly, be caused, directly or indirectly, by the present overpopulation of the world, accompanied by unwise and irresponsible disregard of environmental deterioration.The suggestion is made here that Man's first and, it is to be hoped, last, ecodisaster may already have begun. Although not dramatic, it is taking the form of a steady decline in the standard of living nearly everywhere, coupled with massive pollution, and widespread malnutrition in the under-developed countries of the world. It will persist until world population eventually becomes adjusted to environmental resources.It is ironical that control of the pests and diseases which have inflicted so much misery on mankind in the past, should have helped to engender the present population explosion with all the hunger and privation that accompany it in the under-developed regions of the world.

scholarly journals ART IN THE ERA OF CHANGE AND CHANGE IN ART

2020 ◽  
pp. 296-306
Author(s):  
L. D. Gerasimova ◽  
◽  
M. Yu. Sapunova ◽  
G. L. Rahubenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Individual Human

The article examines and analyzes the changes in the world of culture and art that have involved the postmodernism era, which arose during a period of rapidly changing moods in society, which accept the appearance of culture, but are absolutely alien and ugly, bearing the decline and destruction. Art, which is a kind of mark of the epoch and a reflection of morality, established stereotypes, and lifestyle, has experienced many revolutionary trends caused by the demand of a particular time period. In modernculture, there is a negative trend in the development of artistic, literary, and cinematic production, everything is oriented to the market needs. Canons are being collapsed, content is being simplified, and technologies are being violated. Culture and art began to meet individual human needs, acquired a commercial character and became subject to the influence of the customer and the consumer.What is a "mass" culture? How much does the understanding of art depend on a person's wealth and education? For whom is culture now intelligible? How does the society standard of living influence culture and art in general?

scholarly journals PSYCHO-SOCIAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SUPERSTITIOUS BEHAVIOR: LITERATURE REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Manasvi Shrivastav ◽  
Anuradha Kotnala
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Superstitious Behavior ◽  
The World ◽  
People Today

Most superstition from the past have been proven by science as unnecessary, ineffective or just plain silly but are still practiced by normal intelligent people today. Around the world, there are many reappearing themes for superstition. Every country has its own localized take on each theme. In this article researcher reviews on previous researches. There is much different kind of researches in the field of superstition and there are different theories related to the origin of superstition. Superstition is influenced by different social and psychological factors. In this article those researches have been discussed which through light on social and psychological factors of superstition. Psychological factors like fear, locus of control, confidence level etc. and social factors such as locale, socio-economic status etc.

scholarly journals Technical Infrastructure Increasing Resistance in the Natural Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Šárka KROČOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
The World

The natural environment has its specific patterns that a human must take into account during realisation of any technical infrastructure of the world countries. Underestimating the dangers that can arise from natural phenomena has often serious consequences. Forsome constructions of technical infrastructure, especially their line constructions, there will be a high number of operational accidentswith extremely negative impact on the supplied regions with energy or drinking water. Other types of technical infrastructure forexample in nuclear power have a potential to create a natural emergency threaten the environment not only in the country of theirdislocation but also in the long term to change living conditions in entire regions.The following article deals with this issue in a suffcient basic range suggests chat ways and means to recognize the threat of danger andthen based on risk analysis to eliminate the consequences to an acceptable level.

The Spread of Market Values

The 1970s ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Borstelmann
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Human History ◽  
Market Values ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
World Economic

This chapter tracks the economy of the 1970s as it began to decline after the prosperity of previous decades. Economic growth had defined human history for two hundred years, reaching a peak in the generation after 1945 when world economic growth averaged an extraordinary 5–7 percent per year. Americans rode that growth to a higher standard of living than anyone else. But in the 1970s it all seemed to be flowing away. Unemployment, oil shortages, a plunging stock market, recession, and, above all, inflation were apparently ending these golden years of unparalleled prosperity. Inflation hit everyone, and it hit the poor hardest of all. Persistent inflation undercut dreams and hopes for the future. The economic trauma of the 1970s threatened to destabilize Americans' understanding of how the world worked.

Rising Global Challenges in Energy Demand and the Politics of Climate Change in Government Operations

2021 ◽  
pp. 242-263
Author(s):  
Sharon Nanyongo Njie ◽  
Ikedinachi Ayodele Power Wogu ◽  
Uchenna Kingsley Ogbuehi ◽  
Sanjay Misra ◽  
Oluwakemi Deborah Udoh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The World

While most governments subscribe to boosting global energy supplies since it paves the way for improved economies, which translates to better living conditions and gainful employments which in turn boost government operations, the rising global demand for energy from all human endeavors have activated unparalleled consequences on the environment, resulting to harmful repercussions for government operations and processes all over the world. Hence, scholars argue that the rising demand for global energy by industrialized nations have further increased the vulnerability of governments' operations and processes, especially in countries where these energy sources abound. Consequently, governments, multinationals, and various interest groups are divided on how best to address the quandaries resulting from rising global demand for energy and its effect on the environment and government operations. Recommendations that would enhance government operations were proposed.

“The World Forgot Us and Europe Doesn’t Want Us”

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-238
Author(s):  
Thomas Schmidinger
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

When the so-called “Islamic State” (IS) attacked Iraq’s Nineveh Governorate, the region’s religious minorities became victims of genocide and displacement. This chapter focuses on the region of Sinjar (Kurdish: Şingal) and the displacement of the Yazidi (Kurdish: Êzîdî) along with other religious minorities living there. The displacement of these groups directly resulted from their vulnerability as religious minorities. IS targeted them as religious minorities, and their current problems as internally displaced persons (IDPs) also resulted from their status as relatively small communities without a historically strong political lobby or military force. This chapter analyzes the living conditions and political framework in which these IDPs and refugees must survive and presents their personal perspectives from inside and outside of Iraq. Interviews were centered on the following questions: What conditions prevent Yazidi, Christians, and other groups from returning to Sinjar? What are their perspectives on building a future in the region? What would they need in order to return and rebuild their homes? And how do the displaced adherents of the different religious groups interpret the 2014 genocide within a longer history of perceived genocidal acts against religious minorities in the area?

scholarly journals Community development

Curationis ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavis Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

HEALTH EDUCATION — THE NEED TO MAKE IT WORK It is increasingly apparent that the major health problems in the world today — ranging from malnutrition and communicable diseases; many forms of mental ill-health and cardiac conditions; accidents and alcoholism, are primarily attributable to unsatisfactory living conditions, lack of knowledge and harmful practices on the part of individuals, families and communities. Advances in the field of science and technology can do no more towards the promotion of the health of the population unless it is accompanied by fundamental changes in the way of life and behaviour patterns of the people themselves.

Growing religion and growing religious restrictions: A global overview

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Grim
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes ◽  
People Today ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Religiously Unaffiliated

Major cross-national social scientific studies by the Pew Research Center reveal that the overwhelming majority people today self-identify as being affiliated with one religion or another, and even among people who are religiously unaffiliated, many have some religious beliefs or engage in some religious practices. The prospects for continued growth of religious populations appear strong as they are younger on average than the world’s religiously unaffiliated population. In recent years, however, despite—or perhaps related to—the global prevalence of religion, government restrictions on religion and social hostilities involving religion have been rising in most regions of the world. While causes of the increase are numerous and multidimensional, data reveal a clear and strong association between government restrictions and social hostilities, a pattern particularly pronounced in the Middle East during the Arab Spring. Studies also show that many people, especially in non-Western countries, have somewhat conservative and strong religious beliefs and attitudes. Such beliefs and attitudes also have a connection to the level of religious restrictions and hostilities around the world.

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