scholarly journals China's Macroeconomic Performance and Management During Transition

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Periodic Fluctuations ◽  
Fixed Capital Investment ◽  
Administrative Decentralization ◽  
Future Growth

Since reforms started in 1978, China has combined rapid growth with moderate price stability. This paper analyzes China's macroeconomic performance over the past fifteen years with special attention to factors responsible both for the pace of economic expansion and the periodic fluctuations. Regarding the former, the author identifies four sources of stimuli: administrative decentralization, high levels of fixed capital investment, the elastic supply and quality of the labor force, and the increasing volume of savings supplemented in recent years by a large inflow of foreign direct investment. Future growth with stability calls for controlling and implementing banking and fiscal reform.

Manpower, Education, and Economic Growth

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Notable Feature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Rate

PERHAPS the most notable feature of the literature of economic development and planning over the past decade has been the discovery—or the belated rediscovery—that capital investment is not the sole source of economic growth; that the quality of the labour force is intimately connected with the (potential) rate of economic growth; that this quality is based on, and can be affected by, the education that members of the labour force received; and that consequently manpower and educational planning is a necessary part of over-all economic planning. Indeed so thoroughly has this new orthodoxy been accepted that some countries now have manpower and educational plans even though they may have no over-all development plan worth speaking of.

Coercion and Foreign Investment Rearrangements

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlev F. Vagts
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Investor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Government

Expropriations in the later 1970’s often proceed more suavely than in the past. Straightforward seizure, to be sure, still has devotees. However, an increasingly favored approach is to induce the foreign investor to convey his property (or an interest therein) by an instrument that on its face represents an ordinary sale. That sale may be accompanied by a revision of the terms of some underlying contract between the investor and the government. The purpose of this article is to explore whether any body of rules now exists setting limits to the means that a government can use to obtain the investor’s consent. It then asks whether that law could be further developed so as to improve the quality of such negotiations and to cause them to produce more equitable results. Thereby it would indirectly improve the security and efficiency of the whole process of foreign direct investment.

scholarly journals Investment security as a component of the state's economic security

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Tamara Nikolenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
Fixed Capital Investment ◽  
Investment Growth

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of investment security of the country as a component of economic security, and the development of general recommendations for improving its level. In particular, the dynamics of foreign direct investment of Ukraine is studied and forecasted, the geographical structure of foreign direct investment of Ukraine is assessed, the most attractive types of economic activity in the economy of Ukraine are considered, the dynamics of main macroeconomic investment security indicators is analyzed, namely fixed capital investment investment growth to GDP growth rates, estimated dynamics of the country's investment attractiveness index and highlighted the factors that affect it, indicated what threats foreign investments may pose to national economic security and suggested ways to minimize them.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Towards New Policy Incentives for Fixed Capital Investment and Technological Upgrades in Russia

2011 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
A. Apokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Fixed Capital Investment ◽  
Policy Incentives

The paper approaches the problem of private fixed capital underinvestment in Russia. The author uses empirical studies of the Russian economy and cases of successful technological modernization to outline several groups of disincentives for private companies to perform fixed capital investment in Russia. To counter these constraints, a certain incentive-based economic policy framework is developed.

How Sweet and Ripe are the Fruits? Data Mining Techniques for Classifying and Predicting ‘Quick-Wins’ Direct Capital Investment in Indonesia as One Approach to Business intelligence Orientation and Knowledge Management Scenarios of Indonesian Enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Ali Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy

The existence of big data of Indonesian FDI (foreign direct investment)/ CDI (capital direct investment) has not been exploited somehow to give further ideas and decision making basis. Example of data exploitation by data mining techniques are for clustering/labeling using K-Mean and classification/prediction using Naïve Bayesian of such DCI categories. One of DCI form is the ‘Quick-Wins’, a.k.a. ‘Low-Hanging-Fruits’ Direct Capital Investment (DCI), or named shortly as QWDI. Despite its mentioned unfavorable factors, i.e. exploitation of natural resources, low added-value creation, low skill-low wages employment, environmental impacts, etc., QWDI , to have great contribution for quick and high job creation, export market penetration and advancement of technology potential. By using some basic data mining techniques as complements to usual statistical/query analysis, or analysis by similar studies or researches, this study has been intended to enable government planners, starting-up companies or financial institutions for further CDI development. The idea of business intelligence orientation and knowledge generation scenarios is also one of precious basis. At its turn, Information and Communication Technology (ICT)’s enablement will have strategic role for Indonesian enterprises growth and as a fundamental for ‘knowledge based economy’ in Indonesia.

Exercise Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina G Mentzer ◽  
Alex J Auseon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Future Therapy

Heart failure (HF) affects more than 5 million people and has an increasing incidence and cost burden. Patients note symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue that result in a decreased quality of life, which has not drastically improved over the past decades despite advances in therapies. The assessment of exercise capacity can provide information regarding patient diagnosis and prognosis, while doubling as a potential future therapy. clinically, there is acceptance that exercise is safe in hf and can have a positive impact on morbidity and quality of life, although evidence for improvement in mortality is still lacking. specific prescriptions for exercise training have not been developed because many variables and confounding factors have prevented research trials from demonstrating an ideal regimen. Physicians are becoming more aware of the indices and goals for hf patients in exercise testing and therapy to provide comprehensive cardiac care. it is further postulated that a combination of exercise training and pharmacologic therapy may eventually provide the most benefits to those suffering from hf.

Bioethics In Neurospinal Patient Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andi Asadul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
Moral Vision ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
Cord Injury

Neurosurgery is among the newest of surgical disciplines, appearing in its modern incarnation at the dawn of twentieth century with the work of Harvey Cushing and contemporaries. Neurosurgical ethics involves challenges of manipulating anatomical locus of human identity and concerns of surgeons and patients who find themselves bound together in that venture.In recent years, neurosurgery ethics has taken on greater relevance as changes in society and technology have brought novel questions into sharp focus. Change of expanded armamentarium of techniques for interfacing with the human brain and spine— demand that we use philosophical reasoning to assess merits of technical innovations.Bioethics can be defined as systematic study of moral challenges in medicine, including moral vision, decisions, conduct, and policies related to medicine. Every surgeon should still take the Hippocratic Oath seriously and consider it a basic guide to follow good medical ethics in medical practice. It is simple and embodies three of the four modern bioethics principles – Respecting autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition often affecting young and healthy individuals around the world. Currently, scientists are pressured on many fronts to develop an all-encompassing “cure” for paralysis. While scientific understanding of central nervous system (CNS) regeneration has advanced greatly in the past years, there are still many unknowns with regard to inducing successful regeneration. A more realistic approach is required if we are interested in improving the quality of life of a large proportion of the paralyzed population in a more expedient time frame.

Menopausal hormone therapy and uterine cancer: the acceptability of the tandem

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
O V Yakushevskaya ◽  
S V Yureneva ◽  
A E Protasova ◽  
G N Khabas ◽  
M R Dumanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Menopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Cytostatic Treatment ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
The Past

The aim of the work is to conduct a systematic analysis of the available research results on the possibility of using menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in patients who successfully completed the treatment of endometrial cancer (EC). Materials and methods. The review includes data from foreign articles published in PubMed and Medline, and domestic works published on elibrary.ru over the past 40 years. Results. The results obtained allow us to consider MHT as an independent method of medical rehabilitation for women who have undergone EC. A clear patient profile should be established, allowing the use of this method, with strict adherence to health monitoring. Conclusion Patients who have successfully completed the treatment of EC require the creation of special rehabilitation conditions in the interests of maintaining health and quality of life and should be under the close attention of the doctor. Argumented approaches to the appointment of MHT in such patients will avoid complications associated with estrogen deficiency after surgery, radiation with or without systemic (cytostatic) treatment methods.

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