Primary aspergillosis of the larynx associated with CD4+ T lymphocytopenia

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiko Nakahira ◽  
Shuji Matsumoto ◽  
Naoko Mukushita ◽  
Hiroaki Nakatani
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
First Case ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Laryngeal Involvement

The purpose of this study was to report the first case (to our knowlege) of primary laryngeal aspergillosis in a patient with underlying CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. Laryngeal involvement of Aspergillus is more commonly seen as a part of a wider infection involving the respiratory system in an immunocompromised host. However, primary infection of the larynx is extremely rare. Although there were 12 cases of primary laryngeal aspergillosis previously reported in healthy subjects, there is no known study describing immunological findings in detail. We report a case of primary laryngeal aspergillosis in a healthy 79-year-old male. The examination of his immunity subsequently revealed that there was a marked decline in the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes and a decrease in the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+. It is suggested that it is essential to examine the defence mechanisms, specifically cell-mediated immunity in a patient showing primary laryngeal aspergillosis.

Age-stratified pediatric reference values of lymphocytes in the Moroccan population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aicha El Allam ◽  
Sara El Fakihi ◽  
Hicham Tahoune ◽  
Karima Sahmoudi ◽  
Houria Bousserhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Blood Lymphocyte ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulation ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Moroccan Population ◽  
Helper T Lymphocytes

The number of circulating lymphocytes is altered in a number of diseases including either increase (lymphocytosis) or decrease (lymphocytopenia). Therefore, the assessment of total blood lymphocyte numbers and the relative distribution of lymphocyte subsets is a critical front-line tool in the clinical diagnosis of a number of diseases, including pediatric diseases and disorders. However, the interpretation of this data requires comparison of patient’s results to reliable reference values. Blood lymphocyte subpopulation numbers are also subject to genetic polymorphisms, immunogenic and environmental factors and vary greatly between populations. While the best practice reference values should be established within local representative populations of healthy subjects, to date, Caucasian reference values are used in Morocco due to the absence of indigenous reference values. Potential differences in blood lymphocyte subpopulation reference values between Caucasian versus Moroccan populations can adversely affect the diagnosis of pediatric and childhood diseases and disorders such as primary immunodeficiency (PID) in Morocco. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish the age-stratified normal reference values of blood lymphocyte subsets for the pediatric Moroccan population. METHODS: We measured the concentration of lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry from 83 Moroccan healthy subjects stratified into 5 age groups of 0–1, 1–2, 2–6, 6–12 and > 12–18 (adult). RESULTS: The absolute and relative amounts of the main lymphocyte subsets of T-cells, B cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells were measured and compared to previously described reference values from Cameroonian, Turkish, American and Dutch populations. Additionally, we also observed an age-related decline in the absolute population sizes of lymphocyte subsets within our study group. Relative proportions of CD3+CD4+ helper T lymphocytes decreased with increasing age and by 12 years-adult age, both proportions of CD3+CD4+ helper T lymphocytes and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, as well as CD3-CD19+ B lymphocytes were also decreased. Finally, we compared the median values and range of our Moroccan study group with that of published results from Cameroon, Turkey, USA and Netherlands and observed significant differences in median and mean values of absolute number and relative proportions of lymphocyte subsets especially at 0–1 years and 1–2 years age groups. Above age 12 years, the Moroccan values were lower. For NK cells, the Moroccan values are also lower. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have a significant impact in improving the threshold values of the references intervals routinely used in the diagnosis of paediatric diseases such as PIDs or mother-to-child transmitted HIV within the Moroccan population.

scholarly journals Private specificities of H-2K and H-2D loci as possible selective targets for effector lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity.

1975 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
B D Brondz ◽  
I K Egorov ◽  
G I Drizlikh
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Skin Grafts ◽  
Immune Lymphocytes ◽  
Direct Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cross Absorption ◽  
Private Specificity ◽  
Two Populations

Receptors of effector T lymphocytes of congeneic strains of mice do not recognize public H-2 specificities and react to private H-2 specificities only. This has been established with the use of three tests: direct cytotoxicity assay of immune lymphocytes upon target cells, specific absorption of the lymphocytes on the target cells, and rejection of skin grafts at an accelerated fashion. Immunization with two private H-2 specificities in the system C57BL/10ScSn leads to B10.D2 induces formation of two corresponding populations of effector lymphocytes in unequal proportion: a greater part of them is directed against the private specificity H-2.33 (Kb), while the smaller part is towards H-2.2 (Db) private specificity. These two populations of effector lymphocytes do not overlap, as demonstrated by experiments on their cross-absorption on B10.D2 (R107), B10.D2 (R101), B10.A(2R), and B10.A(5R) target cells, as well as on mixtures of R107 and R101 targets. Following removal of lymphocytes reacting with one of the private H-2 specificities, lymphocytes specific to the other specificity are fully maintained. A mixture of target cells, each bearing one of the two immunizing private specificities, absorbs 100% of the immune lymphocytes and is totally destroyed by them. It is suggested that H-2 antigens are natural complexes of hapten-carrier type, in which the role of hapten is played by public H-2 specifities and that of the carrier determinant by either private H-2 specificities or structures closely linked to them. Various models of steric arrangement of MHC determinants recognized by receptors of effector T lymphocytes are discussed.

Redox imbalance of red blood cells impacts T lymphocyte homeostasis: implication in carotid atherosclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 1117-1126. ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Buttari ◽  
Linda Petrone ◽  
Elisabetta Straface ◽  
Lucrezia Gambardella ◽  
Donatella Pietraforte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Activated T Lymphocytes

SummaryOxidative stress and immune/inflammatory responses are key pathogenetic factors of atherosclerotic disease. In this contest, mechanisms that regulate survival and death of immune cells may be relevant. Previous studies have demonstrated that red blood cells (RBCs) are physiologically able to inhibit apoptosis and to promote proliferation of activated T lymphocytes from healthy subjects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether RBCs from patients with carotid atherosclerosis maintain their property to modulate T cell homeostasis. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) obtained from healthy subjects were activated in vitro by phytohemagglutinin in the presence/absence of RBCs from patients with carotid atherosclerosis or of in vitro oxidised RBCs from healthy subjects. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aging markers of RBCs as well as susceptibility to apoptosis of PBLs were evaluated by flow cytometry. PBL proliferation was evaluated by 3H-methyl-thymidine incorporation assay whereas secretion of cytokines, analysed in view of their key role in T cell function, was assessed by ELISA. Levels of ROS and phosphatidyl-serine externalisation, a sign of RBC aging, resulted significantly higher in RBCs from patients than in those from healthy subjects, whereas surface glycophorin A expression and reduced glutathione content did the opposite. Unlike RBCs obtained from healthy subjects, RBCs from patients and in vitro oxidised RBCs did not protect activated T lymphocytes from apoptosis. Hence, RBCs from patients with carotid atherosclerosis, probably due to their oxidative imbalance, impact T cell integrity and function. Our results suggest a new regulatory role for RBCs in atherosclerosis.

Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa of the Larynx

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-174
Author(s):  
MARGARET A. KENNA ◽  
SYLVAN E. STOOL ◽  
SUSAN B. MALLORY
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Epidermolysis Bullosa ◽  
Minor Trauma ◽  
Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa ◽  
First Case ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Dermatologic Disease ◽  
Hereditary Epidermolysis Bullosa ◽  
Laryngeal Involvement

Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare genetically determined, dermatologic disease in which minor trauma causes blister formation.1 A new variant of hereditary epidermolysis bullosa, generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa, junctional form, has been recently reported.2 Airway involvement has not been a notable feature of this disease. We report the first case of an infant having benign junctional epidermolysis bullosa with laryngeal involvement. CASE REPORT An 11-month-old white boy with known junctional epidermolysis bullosa and mild stridor since birth was referred by his dermatologist for increasing stridor of 24 hours duration. He was initially thought to have croup; however, conservative treatment with mist and racemic epinephrine did not improve his symptoms.

Stroke Rehabilitation and Parkinson's Disease Tremor Reduction Using BCIs Combined With FES

2021 ◽  
pp. 473-491
Author(s):  
Sophie V. Adama ◽  
Martin Bogdan
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Electrical Muscle Stimulation ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
First Case ◽  
Bci System ◽  
Electrical Muscle

This article describes how Stroke and Parkinson's disease are two illnesses that particularly affect motor functions. With the advancements in technology, there is a lot of research focusing on finding solutions: to contribute to neuroplasticity in the first case, and to reduce symptoms in the second case. This manuscript describes the design of a brain-computer interface system (BCI) system paired with an electrical muscle stimulation suit for stroke rehabilitation and the reduction of tremors caused by Parkinson's disease. The idea is to strengthen the sensory-motor feedback loop, which will allow a more stabilized control of the affected extremities by taking into account the patient's motivation. To do so, his brain signals are measured to detect his intention to attempt to execute a movement, in contrast to the classical approach where the movement executions are imposed. A first feasibility study was completed. The author's next step is planning to test the system first with healthy subjects and finally with patients.

scholarly journals Obesity alters the topographical distribution of ventilation and the regional response to bronchoconstriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rutting ◽  
S. Mahadev ◽  
K. O. Tonga ◽  
D. L. Bailey ◽  
J. R. Dame Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Airway Closure ◽  
Ventilation Distribution ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Topographical Distribution ◽  
Lung Zone

Obesity is associated with reduced operating lung volumes that may contribute to increased airway closure during tidal breathing and abnormalities in ventilation distribution. We investigated the effect of obesity on the topographical distribution of ventilation before and after methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-computed tomography (CT) in healthy subjects. Subjects with obesity ( n = 9) and subjects without obesity ( n = 10) underwent baseline and postbronchoprovocation SPECT-CT imaging, in which Technegas was inhaled upright and followed by supine scanning. Lung regions that were nonventilated (Ventnon), low ventilated (Ventlow), or well ventilated (Ventwell) were calculated using an adaptive threshold method and were expressed as a percentage of total lung volume. To determine regional ventilation, lungs were divided into upper, middle, and lower thirds of axial length, derived from CT. At baseline, Ventnon and Ventlow for the entire lung were similar in subjects with and without obesity. However, in the upper lung zone, Ventnon (17.5 ± 10.6% vs. 34.7 ± 7.8%, P < 0.001) and Ventlow (25.7 ± 6.3% vs. 33.6 ± 5.1%, P < 0.05) were decreased in subjects with obesity, with a consequent increase in Ventwell (56.8 ± 9.2% vs. 31.7 ± 10.1%, P < 0.001). The greater diversion of ventilation to the upper zone was correlated with body mass index ( rs = 0.74, P < 0.001), respiratory system resistance ( rs = 0.72, P < 0.001), and respiratory system reactance ( rs = −0.64, P = 0.003) but not with lung volumes or basal airway closure. Following bronchoprovocation, overall Ventnon increased similarly in both groups; however, in subjects without obesity, Ventnon only increased in the lower zone, whereas in subjects with obesity, Ventnon increased more evenly across all lung zones. In conclusion, obesity is associated with altered ventilation distribution during baseline and following bronchoprovocation, independent of reduced lung volumes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using ventilation SPECT-computed tomography imaging in healthy subjects, we demonstrate that ventilation in obesity is diverted to the upper lung zone and that this is strongly correlated with body mass index but is independent of operating lung volumes and of airway closure. Furthermore, methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction only occurred in the lower lung zone in individuals who were not obese, whereas in subjects who were obese, it occurred more evenly across all lung zones. These findings show that obesity-associated factors alter the topographical distribution of ventilation.

scholarly journals Transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency with HLA-A,B,D,DR incompatible parental marrow cells fractionated by soybean agglutinin and sheep red blood cells

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Reisner ◽  
N Kapoor ◽  
D Kirkpatrick ◽  
MS Pollack ◽  
S Cunningham-Rundles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
Soybean Agglutinin ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
The Third ◽  
Immunologic Reconstitution ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract Three patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) received transplants of HLA haplotype-mismatched parental bone marrow depleted of T lymphocytes by differential agglutination with soybean agglutinin (SBA) and subsequent E-rosette depletion. Two patients achieved durable engraftment with reconstitution of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Neither of these patients developed graft versus host disease (GVHD). The third patient achieved only a transient engraftment with concomitant development of mitogen-responsive lymphocytes of paternal origin. Our experience indicates that depletion of T lymphocytes by this technique can abrogate the potential of histoincompatible marrow grafts to induce lethal GVHD without limiting immunologic reconstitution. It also provides further evidence of nonimmune mechanisms of graft resistance that may necessitate preparative treatment of patients with SCID before transplantation with HLA- mismatched marrow cells.

Two-site enzyme immunoassay of CD4 and CD8 molecules on the surface of T lymphocytes from healthy subjects and HIV-1-infected patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Carriere ◽  
C Fontaine ◽  
A M Berthier ◽  
A M Rouquette ◽  
P Carayon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Envelope Glycoprotein ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Gp 120 ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
One Step ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract A highly sensitive two-site enzyme immunoassay (Capcellia) was developed to determine the concentration of CD4 and CD8 molecules expressed on the surface of human T lymphocytes. This assay, performed in one step (20 min), involves the specific immunocapture of T lymphocytes and reaction of the CD4 or CD8 molecules with an enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibody (mAb). The results were expressed as molar concentrations of the T-cell markers on the basis of results obtained with calibrated CD4 and CD8 standards. The assay was sensitive enough to detect 0.4 pmol/L CD4 or 0.8 pmol/L CD8, which corresponded to approximately 20 x 10(6) CD4+ or CD8+ T cells per liter of blood. Mean concentrations in healthy adults were 17.2 pmol/L for CD4 and 22.1 pmol/L for CD8. The CD4 concentration was &lt; 8 pmol/L in 50% of HIV-1-infected patients and in 95% of AIDS patients. Given the epitopic specificity of the mAb to CD4 we used, these values correspond to the concentration of CD4 molecules free of envelope glycoprotein (gp)120.

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