Bacterial vaginosis in climacteric and menopausal women

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Taylor-Robinson ◽  
M McCaffrey ◽  
J Pitkin ◽  
R F Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Vaginal Secretion ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Speculum Examination ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Flora

The objective was to determine how frequently an abnormal vaginal flora occurred in women attending a menopause clinic and whether any abnormality might be related to a particular risk factor. Women completed a questionnaire on their gynaecological, sexual and medical history. Whether they were perimenopausal or postmenopausal was determined on the basis of symptomatology, duration of amenorrhoea and on a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) assay when clinically indicated. A speculum examination of the vagina was undertaken, at which time a smear of vaginal secretion was Gram stained and the bacterial flora graded as follows: grade 1, normal; grade 2, intermediate, and grade 3, bacterial vaginosis (BV). Of 100 women examined, 44 had grade 1 flora, 17 had grade 2 flora and 18 had BV. An apparent absence of, or very scanty, vaginal bacteria in which grading was not possible was found in 21 women. Women with BV had had more sexual partners than the others, but otherwise there were no discernible factors associated with the occurrence of BV. Women with vaginal atrophy were more likely to have an apparent absence of vaginal bacteria, but a few had BV.

scholarly journals Does Pre- and Postoperative Metronidazole Treatment Lower Vaginal Cuff Infection Rate After Abdominal Hysterectomy Among Women With Bacterial Vaginosis?

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Göran Larsson ◽  
Bodil Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Postoperative Infection ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Vaginal Flora ◽  
Postoperative Treatment ◽  
Vaginal Cuff ◽  
Gynecological Examination ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Flora

Objective:Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a known risk factor for postoperative infection following abdominal hysterectomy. Vaginal bacterial flora scored as intermediate has been shown to have the same risk of postoperative infection as BV.Methods:Women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy for benign diseases were open-randomized according to Zelen to either treatmentwith metronidazole rectally for at least 4 days or no treatment. At the preoperative gynecological examination a vaginal smear was collected and Gram stained. Women with BV or intermediate flora were merged to one group called abnormal vaginal flora.Results:In total 213 women were randomized to treatment or no treatment. After exclusion of 71 women, 142 women were eligible for analysis. Among the 59 women diagnosed with abnormal vaginal flora there were no vaginal cuff infections in the treated arm, comparedwith 27% in the ‘no treatment’ arm (p<0.01). Treatment also reduced the vaginal cuff infection rate from 9.5 to 2% among the 83 women with lactobacilli flora. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Treatment had no effect on the rate of wound infections. Intention-to-treat analysis showed a significant reduction in vaginal cuff infections among women randomized to treatment.Conclusion:Pre- and postoperative treatment for at least 4 days with metronidazole rectally reduces significantly vaginal cuff infection among women with abnormal vaginal flora.

Factors associated with prevalence of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 172A-172A
Author(s):  
R ROYCE ◽  
L PASTORE ◽  
J THORPJR ◽  
T JACKSON ◽  
D SAVITZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Factors Associated

Glycerol prevents loss of immunoreactive follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from frozen urine

1983 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Livesey ◽  
H. K. Roud ◽  
M. G. Metcalf ◽  
R. A. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

First morning urine samples were collected from both menstruant and post-menopausal women and stored at −25 °C. Immunoreactive FSH disappeared from these samples (t½ = 30 days), ultimately stabilizing at about 20% of the initial value. The loss was more rapid at −20 °C and less rapid at −55 °C and +4°C. Immunoreactive LH was also lost from frozen urine, but more slowly than FSH. The addition of glycerol to urine (0·52 mol/l) stored at −25 °C prevented loss of immunoreactive FSH and LH for at least 105 days.

scholarly journals High Circulating Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Level Is a Potential Risk Factor for Renal Dysfunction in Post-Menopausal Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihang Li ◽  
Dongmei Zheng ◽  
Haiyan Lin ◽  
Fang Zhong ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ObjectiveMenopause contributes to renal dysfunction in women, which is generally attributed to estrogen withdrawal. In addition to decreased estrogen level, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level increases after menopause. This study investigated the association between high circulating FSH level and renal function in post-menopausal women.MethodsThis observational cross-sectional study included 624 pre-menopausal, 121 peri-menopausal, and 2540 post-menopausal women. The levels of female sex hormones were examined by chemiluminescence and indices of renal function were measured using a clinical chemistry analyzer. The post-menopausal women were grouped into quartiles according to serum FSH levels.ResultsRenal function progressively declined from pre-menopause to peri-menopause to post-menopause, which was accompanied by increasing serum FSH level. In post-menopausal women, serum creatinine level increased with increasing FSH quartile, which was accompanied by a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p for trend &lt;0.001); moreover, the prevalence of declined eGFR (&lt;90 ml/min/1.73 m2) and chronic kidney disease (CKD; eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2) increased (p for trend &lt;0.001). Even after adjusting for confounders, the odds ratios (ORs) of declined eGFR and CKD increased with increasing FSH quartiles in post-menopausal women. The ORs of declined eGFR (OR=2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–2.92) and CKD (OR=10.09, 95% CI: 2.28–44.65) in the highest FSH quartile were approximately 2- and 10-fold higher, respectively, than in the lowest FSH quartile (p&lt;0.05). After stratifying post-menopausal women by median age (61 years), the OR for declined eGFR for each FSH quartile in the older group was higher than that for the corresponding FSH quartile in the younger group.ConclusionsA high circulating FSH level is an independent risk factor for renal dysfunction in women after menopause. Additionally, aging may aggravate the association of high FSH levels with reduced renal function in post-menopausal women.

scholarly journals Anemia Requiring Transfusion in Breast Cancer Patients on Dose-dense Chemotherapy: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Cost and Effect on Disease Outcome.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parth Sharma ◽  
Josh Thomas Georgy ◽  
Anand George Andrews ◽  
Ajoy Oommen John ◽  
Anjana Joel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Transfusion Requirement ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Dose Dense ◽  
Delay In Treatment

Abstract Purpose: Dose dense chemotherapy improves survival but also increases toxicity and treatment related cost. Here we report the prevalence of anemia, understand the risk factors of chemotherapy related anemia and determine the cost and time-delay associated with transfusion requirement in Indian non-metastatic breast cancer patients on dose dense preoperative chemotherapy.Methods: In this study, 116 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients were treated preoperatively with Docetaxel and Cyclophosphamide alternating with Epirubicin and Cisplatin every 2-weekly. Patients were evaluated for anemia pre- and post-chemotherapy. We examined trends in the cell counts, transfusion requirement, time to transfusion as well as risk factors associated with transfusion during treatment, along with delay in treatment due to anemia and the additional cost incurred.Results: One hundred and sixteen women with high-risk non-metastatic TNBC were treated. Median age was 44.5 years. 56.1% had stage III disease. Delivery of 6/8 planned doses was achieved in 98.3% of patients, and all 8 doses in 86% patients. Anemia was detected at baseline in 54(46.5%) patients with mild(10-12g/dl) anemia in 42(36.2%) patients and moderate(8-10g/dl) in 12(10.3%) patients. Forty-four patients (37.9%) required transfusion during chemotherapy with 55(47.4%) patients having grade 1-2 anemia and 40(34.5%) patients having grade 3 anemia. The factors associated with transfusion were low grade of tumor (OR 2.48 (95% CI 1.08 - 5.68), p = 0.025), hemoglobin post 2 cycles of chemotherapy (OR 1.74 (95% CI 1.21- 2.51), p = 0.003), thrombocytopenia grade 3 or 4 (OR 4.35 (95% CI 1.062-17.827), p = 0.034) and drop in hemoglobin after 2 cycles (OR 1.65 (95% CI 1.09-2.48), p = 0.017). Nearly one fourth of the study population had a delay between two cycles of chemotherapy due to anemia. A median additional cost of Rs 7000 (IQR-Rs 7000 – Rs 14000) was incurred on transfusion.Conclusion: Anemia is a common toxicity associated with dose dense chemotherapy during curative breast cancer treatment leading to delay in treatment and increased cost. Low grade tumor, grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia and Grade 2 or higher anemia after 2 cycles of chemotherapy are risk factors for blood transfusions during treatment.

A multi-institutional evaluation of factors predictive of toxicity and efficacy of bevacizumab for recurrent ovarian cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wright ◽  
A. A. Secord ◽  
T. M. Numnum ◽  
R. P. Rocconi ◽  
M. A. Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Chylous Ascites ◽  
Recurrent Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cytotoxic Agent ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Grade 3

While bevacizumab has shown activity in recurrent ovarian cancer, a higher than expected incidence of bowel perforations has been reported in recent trials. We sought to determine factors associated with toxicity and tumor response in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer treated with bevacizumab. A retrospective review of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer treated with bevacizumab was undertaken. Response was determined radiographically and through CA125 measurements. Statistical analysis to determine factors associated with toxicity and response was performed. Sixty-two eligible patients were identified. The cohort had received a median of 5 prior chemotherapy regimens. Single-agent bevacizumab was administered to 12 (19%), while 50 (81%) received the drug in combination with a cytotoxic agent. Grade 3–5 toxicities occurred in 15 (24%) patients, including grade 3–4 hypertension in 4 (7%), gastrointestinal perforations in 7%, and chylous ascites in 5%. Development of chylous ascites and gastrointestinal perforations appeared to correlate with tumor response. The overall response rate was 36% (4 complete response, 17 partial response), with stable disease in 40%. A higher objective response rate was seen in the bevacizumab combination group compared to single-agent treatment (43% vs 10%) (P = 0.07). However, 29 grade 3–5 toxic episodes were seen in the combination group vs only 1 in the single-agent bevacizumab cohort (P = 0.071). We conclude that bevacizumab demonstrates promising activity in recurrent ovarian cancer. The addition of a cytotoxic agent to bevacizumab improved response rates at the cost of increased toxicity. Gastrointestinal perforations occurred in 7%. The perforations occurred in heavily pretreated patients who were responding to therapy

scholarly journals Serum Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Levels are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Post-Menopausal Korean Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Soo Jung ◽  
Eun-Kyung Choi ◽  
Byung-Hyun Park ◽  
Soo-Wan Chae
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Menopause compounds many cardiometabolic risk factors through endogenous estrogen withdrawal. This study aimed to find the association between serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in post-menopausal Korean women. A total of 608 post-menopausal women from eight randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials on menopause during the year 2012–2019 were analyzed. Cardiometabolic risk factors such as body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and TG/HDL-C ratio were significantly improved as the FSH quartiles increased. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the number of components of MetS decreased as FSH quartiles increased. In regression analysis, FSH level was negatively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors including body mass index, body weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose and TG, while it was positively associated with HDL-C. The odds ratio of MetS in the first quartile of FSH was 2.682 compared with that in the fourth quartile of FSH in a logistic regression model. Serum FSH levels had a negative correlation with cardiometabolic risk factors in post-menopausal Korean women, suggesting that a low FSH can be a predictor for cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women.

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