scholarly journals Diagnosis of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD): modern challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1106) ◽  
pp. 20190768
Author(s):  
Besma Musaddaq ◽  
Joanne R Cleverley
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Radiological Findings

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease is growing in incidence and prevalence. However, it is frequently overlooked as a differential diagnosis by both clinicians and radiologists alike due to its non-specific clinical features, wide spectrum of radiological findings and difficulty in isolating the causative organism. The aim of this article is to illustrate the spectrum and follow-up of the radiological findings of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease and the challenges involved in making a diagnosis.

scholarly journals Neuroimaging in pediatric phakomatoses. An educational review

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Iulian Raus ◽  
Roxana Elena Coroiu ◽  
Cosmin Serban Capusan
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Inheritance Pattern ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Phakomatoses are a group of more than 30 entities with an inheritance pattern that primarily affects the central nervous system, skin, viscera and connective tissue. The aim of this paper is to make an educational review of the most common radiological findings on phakomatoses through the iconography of the cases collected in our magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer tomography (CT) units over the last ten years. Also, we describe and illustrate by these techniques the main features of the most common entities within the wide spectrum of diseases. As highly variable and age dependent, imaging techniques have an important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients. Increased awareness for the need to implement and conduct screening programs could be considered as a solution to prevent late diagnosis and to treat the patients in early stages of disease.

scholarly journals CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE WITH EMPHYSEMA AND GIANT BULLAE IN A SMOKER

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Zh. V. Sheykh ◽  
E. V. Nikolaev ◽  
I. E. Tyurin ◽  
K. G. Zhestkov ◽  
V. G. Alekseev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Air Cavities

Radiation diagnosis in evaluating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is used to distinguish clinically similar diseases and to identify concomitant pathological changes. Highresolution computed tomography (HRCT) is employed for detailed analysis of the status of the lung. HRCT can visualize primarily centrilobular, panlobular, paraseptal, and bullous emphysema and bronchiectases, is of great importance in the anatomical characteristics of the disease and in the identification of the phenotype of COPD.The paper describes a clinical case of COPD with bullous emphysema in a 60-year-old man. The CT pattern presents with lower-density bilateral multiple centrilobular avascular areas without clear boundaries, as well as by paraseptal emphysema areas, also localized mainly in the lower segments of both lungs, with thin-walled air cavities occupying up to one third of the hemithorax on both sides. CT made it possible to visualize upperlobular centrolobular emphysema, pulmonary bullae, to estimate their sizes, and to identify compression atelectasis in the adjacent lung areas. The differential diagnosis included bronchiectasis disease, histiocytosis X, and lung carcinoma.This clinical case demonstrates that HRCT is the method of choice for differential diagnosis, a follow-up, and assessment of the results of treatment for COPD with a preponderance of bullous emphysema, including in the presence of a doubtful radiographic pattern.

Congenital lung malformations: radiological findings and clues for differential diagnosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1086-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Garcia-Peña ◽  
Ana Coma ◽  
Goya Enríquez
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Characteristic Imaging ◽  
Congenital Lung Malformations

Congenital lung malformations encompass a wide spectrum of conditions with a broadly varying clinical presentation. They are often a source of morbidity in infants and children. Their management depends on the type of malformation and its clinical presentation. Usually, the diagnosis requires an imaging evaluation. Classifications of bronchopulmonary malformations have undergone significant revision in recent years and several theories have attempted to explain their confusing pathogenesis. There are considerable degrees of overlapping and hybrid conditions are common, with interrelated malformations showing various radiologic and pathologic features. Attending to the pathophysiological mechanisms and structures involved, lung malformations can be divided into three categories: bronchopulmonary anomalies, combined lung and vascular abnormalities, and vascular anomalies. The purpose of this article is to review the current imaging techniques for evaluating lung malformations in pediatric patients and their characteristic imaging findings. Moreover, this review discusses a useful classification and offers some clues to facilitate the differential diagnosis.

Complex Cystic and Solid Mass

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Breast Ultrasound ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Clinical Recommendations ◽  
Imaging Protocols ◽  
Complex Mass

The breast ultrasound (US) finding known as “complex mass” has undergone a labeling revision with the fifth edition of the BI-RADS Atlas and is now designated as complex cystic and solid mass (CCSM). The updated BI-RADS sought to unambiguously define and differentiate an actionable finding often requiring biopsy from a lesser finding requiring, at most, imaging follow-up to confirm expected stability. This chapter, appearing in the section on nipple, skin and lymph nodes, reviews key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnosis, and clinical recommendations for complex cystic and solid masses. Topics include the rationale for the updated BI-RADS lexicon, the important differentiation of a complex cystic and solid mass from a complicated cyst, and a framework for the differentiation and management of actionable and non-actionable masses with complex cystic and solid features at ultrasound.

scholarly journals Primary Nasopharyngeal Tuberculosis: A Case Report Focused on Nasopharyngoscopic Features and CT Findings

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132093195
Author(s):  
Hyun Jin Min ◽  
Kyung Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Radiological Findings

Primary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis, defined as an isolated tuberculosis infection of the nasopharynx without systemic or pulmonary disease, is rare, even in areas endemic for tuberculosis. It is challenging for ENT specialists to diagnose primary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis at an early stage. In this report, we describe a new case of primary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis, focusing on its nasopharyngoscopic features and radiological findings that can help the understanding and aid in accurate diagnosis of this unusual disease entity. Our experience suggests that although primary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is a relatively rare disease, it must be included in the differential diagnosis of various nasopharyngeal lesions, particularly in patients with unusual nasopharyngoscopic and computed tomography findings.

Postdengue chronic fatigue syndrome in an adolescent boy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e238605
Author(s):  
Vijayakumary Thadchanamoorthy ◽  
Kavinda Dayasiri
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Viral Illness

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is often preceded by a viral illness and has recurrent ‘flulike’ symptoms which include a wide spectrum of musculoskeletal and neurological clinical features. The condition is also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis and systemic exertional intolerance syndrome. CFS has been reported following dengue among adult patients. We report the case of an 11-year-old boy who developed CFS following recovery of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). The reported child was initially managed as for DHF and was clinically asymptomatic on post-discharge day 3. He was re-admitted after 3 weeks with severe joint pains, myalgia and unbearable headache. As his symptoms persisted, he was investigated in-depth. All investigations were normal except mild elevation of liver functions. The diagnosis of CFS secondary to DHF was made by exclusion of differential diagnosis. At 1-year follow-up, patient continues to have symptoms after treatment with physiotherapy and nutrition counselling.

scholarly journals Solitary round pulmonary lesions in the pediatric population: a pictorial review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 205846011985199
Author(s):  
Nikolaos-Achilleas Arkoudis ◽  
Angeliki Pastroma ◽  
Georgios Velonakis ◽  
Athanasios Tsochatzis ◽  
Argyro Mazioti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Pulmonary Lesion ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Pulmonary Lesions ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Work Up

The purpose of this current pictorial review is to define the solitary round pulmonary lesion (SRPL), to familiarize with its prevalence in the pediatric population, and, moreover, to educate radiologists on its vast differential diagnosis and imaging manifestations. Furthermore, by highlighting valuable clues, it intends to assist radiologists efficiently partake in its diagnosis, work-up, and follow-up in order to narrow down the differential diagnosis by working alongside the clinician and combining clinical information, lab results, and radiological findings.

scholarly journals Intrasellar Arachnoid Cyst, a Rare Radiological Finding: Report of a Case.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Augusto Ortega Rodriguez ◽  
José Luís Caro Cardera ◽  
Jordi de Manuel-Rimbau Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Radiological Finding ◽  
Arachnoid Cysts ◽  
Arachnoid Membrane ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Sellar Lesions ◽  
Plausible Theory

Abstract Intrasellar arachnoid cysts are uncommon radiological findings, generally incidental and clinically silent. We present the case of 70 year-old female who was treated of meningitis due to cerebrospinal fluid nasal fistulae. She was diagnosed of intrasellar arachnoid cyst and managed conservatively because no neurologic, hormonal, symptomatic either CSF fistulae appeared during follow-up. The origin of intrasellar arachnoid cysts is unclear; although an incomplete diaphragma sellae through basal arachnoid membrane herniates may be a plausible theory. Conservative treatment is the usual option, but if hormonal, visual or intracranial hypertension symptoms appeared, surgery may be the best therapy. This entity should be in the differential diagnosis of cystic sellar lesions with other benign cysts and tumors as craniopharyngioma.

scholarly journals Cystic echinococcosis, review and illustration of non-hepatic manifestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Christoph F. Dietrich ◽  
Wiem Douira-Khomsi ◽  
Hassen Gharbi ◽  
Malay Sharma ◽  
Xin Wu Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Characteristic Imaging ◽  
Broad Variety

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis (hydatid cysts), is an infection with a wide spectrum of manifestations, from asymptomatic infection to fatal disease. Ultrasound (US) allows screening, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment guidance and follow-up of CE under many circumstances. Hydatid cysts are predominantly observed in the liver but many other organs can be involved. As part of a series of publications, herewith we present a review describing the characteristic imaging features of the broad variety of organs which can be involved.

Reconsidering NMIHBA Core Features: Macrocephaly Is Not a So Unusual Sign in PRUNE1-Related Encephalopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Battini ◽  
Enrico Bertini ◽  
Roberta Milone ◽  
Chiara Aiello ◽  
Rosa Pasquariello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Recurrent Mutation ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Alexander Disease ◽  
Brain Anomalies ◽  
Progressive Encephalopathy ◽  
Core Features

Abstract PRUNE1-related disorders manifest as severe neurodevelopmental conditions associated with neurodegeneration, implying a differential diagnosis at birth with static encephalopathies, and later with those manifesting progressive brain damage with the involvement of both the central and the peripheral nervous system.Here we report on another patient with PRUNE1 (p.Asp106Asn) recurrent mutation, whose leukodystrophy, inferior olives hyperintensity, and macrocephaly led to the misleading clinical suspicion of Alexander disease. Clinical features, together with other recent descriptions, suggest avoiding the term “microcephaly” in defining this disorder that could be renamed “neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive encephalopathy, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies” (NPEHBA).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document